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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
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<issn>0001-6002</issn>
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<month>06</month>
<year>2000</year>
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<volume>42</volume>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
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<institution>,Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos  </institution>
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<month>06</month>
<year>2000</year>
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<volume>42</volume>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
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<year>2000</year>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
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<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio </addr-line>
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<aff id="A02">
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justiricación y objetivo: El presente trabajo se efectúa para tener una visión actualizada y completa de las características del proceso de reconocimiento y equiparación que se aplica a los títulos de médico obtenidos en universidades extranjeras. Asimismo se incluyen algunas consideraciones que permiten proponer medidas que coadyuven a garantizar la calidad e idoneidad del médico general. Métodos: Se revisaron todas las solicitudes presentadas en el lapso comprendido entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 1998, las leyes, reglamentos y convenios relacionados con el proceso. Se colectó la informulario para registro estandarizado de las variables. Resultados: De las 688 solicitudes presentadas, 56% fueron aprobadas: el 38% a través de la aprobación de exámenes y el 18% por aplicación de convenios o internacionales o atestados. El 44% reprobó el examen especial de equiparación. Se observó una tendencia creciente del número de solicitudes. Conclusiones: El aumento de solicitudes de equiparación de títulos obtenidos en el extranjero y de profesionales que no aprueban el examen respectivo, hace necesario el desarrollo de un sistema de recertificación profesional y de acreditación de escuelas de medicina y planes de estudio de la licenciatura en medicina y cirugía, tendientes a garantizar la calidad de las entidades formadoras y la idoneidad y calidad del profesional que brinda el servicio en el campo de la salud.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Reconocimiento y Equiparación de títulos</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
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<article-id>S0001-60022000000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Perspectivas del servicio médico social en Costa Rica</article-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2000</year>
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<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y Objetivo: El presente trabajo se efectúa para tener una visión actualizada del servicio médico social, de los parámetros con que el mismo se realiza y si los objetivos con los que fue creado se están alcanzando, así como plantear alternativas para el cumplimiento de los mismos. Métodos: Se revisaron las actas de los sorteos del servicio médico social realizados entre 1988 a 1998, la Ley 7559 del servicio social obligatorio para los profesionales en las ciencias de la salud, los últimos índices de pobreza por región de salud y el proceso de adjudicación de las plazas del SS. La información se colectó en un formulario diseñado para el efecto con las diversas variables. Resultados: En la última década el número de plazas para cumplir con el SS no ha aumentado aunque la población del país y de profesionales que lo debe realizar se ha incrementado, por lo que solo el 54% de los graduados a nivel nacional cumplen con la realización del mismo. El proceso de definición y adjudicación de plazas es muy complejo y depende de entes externos al Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP). La distribución de las plazas no tiene relación con los índices de pobreza del país. La información disponible no permite valorar el impacto del SS sobre el arraigo de los profesionales en la zona rural ni sobre la formación en el campo de la salud comunitaria, el 70% de los especialistas y el 47% de los médicos generales se localiza en el área urbana. No existen programas de actualización para los médicos que están cumpliendo con este requisito a nivel rural. Conclusiones: El SS debe retomar los objetivos por los que fue creado según la Ley 7559 e incluir los aspectos académicos de actualización y de organización de los que carece hoy día, en conjunto con las Universidades.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Servicio Médico Social</kwd>
<kwd>Reforma del Sector Salud</kwd>
<kwd>Formación y capacitación médica</kwd>
<kwd>Apertura de escuelas de medicina</kwd>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220000002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<volume>42</volume>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El manejo del paciente con condiciones abdominales que no se pueden resolver en una primera intervención, ha tenido una evolución progresiva desde inicios de siglo. Las intervenciones posibles van desde cerrarlos de inicio, hasta el manejo totalmente abierto, que permite reingresar al abdomen en forma repetida (incluso en la misma unidad de cuidado intensivo), de acuerdo a la condición del enfermo. Este tipo de manejo ha hecho que disminuya la mortalidad de estos pacientes de cifras tan altas como de 87% a 30% según la literatura. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evidenciar las indicaciones por las que se dejan los pacientes con abdomen abierto (AbAb), saber qué es lo que ocurre con un paciente a quién se trata de esta forma, que es lo que puede esperar un cirujano de su enfermo y como podemos mejorar nuestra práctica al respecto. De un total de 149 pacientes que se manejaron con AbAb en la Unidad de Cuidado Intermedio del Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia entre los años 92-98, obtuvimos el expediente de 73 que cumplían todos los criterios a analizar. Los pacientes fueron de una edad promedio de 48 años (20-83). Un 65% de ellos fueron masculinos y el promedio de APACHE fue de 12.2 puntos al momento de dejarlos con AbAb. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue de sepsis abdominal y fuga anastomótica. Fueron manejados fundamentalmente con dos métodos (malla o bolsa plástica) y tuvieron una mortalidad global de 35%. El promedio de cirugías fue de 4.2 operaciones por paciente, una estancia promedio en el hospital de 42 días, un manejo en cuidados intensivos de 24 días y un tiempo de abdomen abierto de 20 días. Los pacientes que fueron tratados por un solo cirujano tuvieron una mortalidad del 12.5% y los que fueron manejados por varios del 34%. Podemos concluir que este es un método válido en nuestro medio para tratar pacientes con esta clase de problemas abdominales, que de otro modo tendrían mortalidad de casi 100%, y señalar que es de suma importancia: contar con el soporte necesario, hacer en todos los casos un plan terapéutico desde el transoperatorio, de acuerdo a la indicación de AbAb y a las particularidades de cada enfermo. El paciente debería ser manejado por el mismo cirujano o grupo quirúrgico que decidió dejar el AbAb y darle un seguimiento continuo, de manera que se le efectúen los procedimientos necesarios cuando la condición lo requiere.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The management of patients with severe injuries in the abdomen in which the surgeon is not able to resolve the problem at the fírst time have changed remarkably. At present many surgeons are using the 'open abdomen' in these cases. This article reports our experience with the patients that we have been treated with open abdomen in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Calderón Guardia Hospital. A total of 149 patients were treated between 92-98. However, we studied only 73 cases which had the required information complete. These patients ranged from 20 to 83 years of age, with a median of 48. A 65% were males and the APACHE score was 12.2 at the time of the laparostomy. The most frecuent diagnosis was intrabdominal sepsis and leaks. All of them were managed either with mesh or plastic bag. The global mortality was 35%. The number of operations averaged 4.2. Tbe patients had a mean stay of 42 days, 24 days in the intensiva care unit and 20 days with the open abdomen. Additionally the patients who were treated by one surgeon had 12.5% mortality and those treated by more than one surgeon had 34% mortality. We conclude that this method is better for this kind of patients, who otherwise will have mortality close to 100%. We can also point out that in this kind of management it is very important to have nutritional support, mechanical ventilation. The surgeon has to do a therapeutic plan at the first operation and commit lo the case for the future interventions.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Abdomen abierto</kwd>
<kwd>laparostomía</kwd>
<kwd>relaparotomia planeada</kwd>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Timectomía por miastenia gravis en el Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia: Reporte de 24 casos</article-title>
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<institution>,Clínica de Bataán  </institution>
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<year>2000</year>
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<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>85</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022000000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Antecedentes: La miastenia gravis es una enfermedad autoinmune cuya etiología aún no está claramente definida. Desde 1912 se describió mejoría del cuadro posterior a timectomía. Este procedimiento es actualmente una de las formas aceptadas para su tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar los resultados de la timectomía para el tratamiento de la miastenia gravis en el Hospital Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de los expedientes de 24 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó timectomía como parte de su tratamiento de miastenia gravis entre enero de 1992 y mayo de 1999, en el Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia. Resultados: Se encontró que un 75% de los pacientes presentaron una franca mejoría, 17% permaneció en igual condición y un 8% empeoró. No se observó diferencia en la evolución por sexo, edad o la presencia de timoma, sin embargo en los pacientes que presentaban únicamente síntomas oculares se dio una tendencia a persistir sintomáticos. Se observó que la preparación pre-operatoria del paciente con gamaglobulina y la modernización de la técnica anestésica disminuyó notablemente la necesidad de ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: La timectomía fue útil en el tratamiento del 75% de los pacientes, especialmente aquellos con no sólo ptosis palpebral y permitió disminuir la dosis de medicamentos en 12 de los 24 casos estudiados.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Miastenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, its etiology has not been defined clearly. The improvement of the clinical manifestations after thymectomy was first describes in 1912; and this procedure has become in one of the therapeutic alternativas for the disease nowadays. The aim of the present study was to investigase the results of thymectomy for miastenia gravis in the Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study, based in the revision of the clinical files of 24 consecutive patients in whom a thymectomy was performed as part of their treatment for miastenia gravis between January 1992 and May 1999 in the Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderon Guardia. Results: 75% of the patients improved their condition after the surgery, 17% had no variation and 8% deteriorated their clinical condition after the thymectomy. There was no difference in the clinical outcome relates to sex, age or presence of thymoma. However, patients that only had ocular manifestations previous to the surgery had a tendency to remain symptomatic after surgery. The pre-surgical preparation of the palien with intravenous gamma globulin and the improvements in the anesthetic technique lowered the need for mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Thymectomy improved 75% of the patients with miastenia gravis, specially those who had other manifestations apart from ocular involvement. The procedure allowed the reduction of treatment in 12 of the 24 cases studied.</p></abstract>
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