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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Nefroprotección en Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mangel Morales</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS Hospital México </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Demencia, el reto del presente siglo</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Muñoz Chacón</surname>
<given-names>Yalile</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Apéndice, apendicitis, apendicectomía</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salazar Vargas</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación clínica de la nefroprotección de los bloqueadores de anglotensina II (ARA II)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blanco-Uhienhaut</surname>
<given-names>Mariana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sáenz-Campos</surname>
<given-names>Desirée</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS Departamento de Farmacoterapia </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS Departamento de Farmacoterapia </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Actualmente, los antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina II (ARA II) representan el grupo de medicamentos más novedosos para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial y una posible alternativa a los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECAS) para el tratamiento de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Por lo relevante y polémico del tema, la presente constituye una revisión de diversos ensayos clínicos, con el fin de identificar algún beneficio nefroprotector en los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con o sin HTA. Se exponen y analizan los resultados obtenidos en los estudios referidos como REENAL, IDNT, IRMA II y MARVAL. En conclusión, el efecto nefroprotector atribuido a los ARA II se refiere específicamente a los cambios en la morbilidad de la nefropatía y a &quot;enlentecer&quot;, en algunos casos, la progresión de la enfermedad en los pacientes diabéticos; pero no se cuenta con elementos para generalizar esa cualidad a todos los fármacos del grupo. Sin embargo, sí podrían estar indicados como alternativa terapéutica a los IECAs ante problemas de tolerabilidad. Con los datos disponibles no es apropiado esperar los mismos efectos nefroprotectores de los IECAS, debido a que ningún ARA II ha disminuido la mortalidad de los pacientes con nefropatía diabética tipo 2 e HTA.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA II) represent the latest group of drugs in the treatment of hypertension and an alternative against angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because its relevance and polemic role, we reviewed severas clinical trials to identify any renoprotective effect in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without hypertension. We analized the results of REENAL, IDNT, IRMA II and MARVAL trials. In conclusion, the renoprotective effect of the ARA II drugs is related especifically to changes in nephropathy morbility and to a delay in the progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients. We do not have data to generalize these properties to all the drugs of this group. Nevertheless, they might be indicated as an alternative to ACE inhibitors when side effects are present. lt is not reasonable to expect the same renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors because none of the ARA II drugs has diminished the mortality in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes and hypertension.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2</kwd>
<kwd>hipertensión arterial</kwd>
<kwd>inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECAs)</kwd>
<kwd>antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina Il (ARA II)</kwd>
<kwd>nefropatía diabética</kwd>
<kwd>nefroprotección</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La enfermedad de Alzheimer y los inhibidores de la colinesterasa</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alpízar-Quesada</surname>
<given-names>Carlos Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales-Alpízar</surname>
<given-names>Catalina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Geriatría y Gerontología  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>50</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La enfermedad de alzheimer (EA), es muy frecuente en la vejez donde se pierden, en forma lenta y progresiva, capacidades cognoscitivas y motoras. Esta enfermedad ha ido en aumento conforme se incrementa la expectativa de vida de la población. En los últimos años, descubrir un tratamiento efectivo para esta enfermedad ha sido un verdadero reto científico. A pesar de que su patología fue descrita hace algunos años, no hubo tratamiento disponible hasta hace poco tiempo. Desde principios de los noventa se inició el estudio de los inhibidores de la colinesterasa. Se presentó así, por primera vez, una probable solución sintomática a esta enfermedad. En 1993 salió al mercado la tacrina, primer medicamento de esta clase. En la actualidad hay más variedad de tratamientos, algunos han dado excelentes resultados, como es el caso de la rivastigmina. A pesar de que todos pertenecen a la misma clase farmacológica, hay grandes diferencias en cuanto a su especificidad, su selectividad y efectos secundarios. A continuación se describen y analizan los tratamientos disponibles para esta enfermedad.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Alzheimer’s disease has a higher incidence in elderly than in middle-aged persons. As the expectancy of life increases, this disease becomes more frequent. It is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive and motor abilities. Finding an adequate treatment has become a scientific challenge in recent years, because even though the physiopathology of this disease was described many years ago, no treatment was available for a long time. The studies on colinesterase inhibitors began since the early 90's representing these drugs a first possible cure. In 1993, tacrine, the first colinesterase inhibitor, was approved for use in patients with Alzheimer ’s disease. Nowadays we have multiple drugs of this type, some with excellent results such as rivastigmine. Even though they are of the same pharmacological class, these drugs are very different in their selectivity, specificity and adverse side effects.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Inhibidores de colinesterasa</kwd>
<kwd>enfermedad de Alzheimer</kwd>
<kwd>tratamiento</kwd>
<kwd>rivastigmina</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: H. pylori es un factor importante en el desarrollo de diversos tipos de patologías gástricas como: gastritis crónica, úlcera péptica, adenocarcinoma tipo intestinal y linfoma. Erradicar la infección es una importante posibilidad en la terapia de los pacientes con esas patologías. En el estudio se analizó la utilidad de la triple terapia para erradicar de la infección por H. pylori en pacientes con gastritis crónica y úlcera péptica. Métodos: Se incluyeron 267 pacientes que atendieron el Servicio de Gastroenterología del HCG, entre enero y mayo de 2000. La presencia de H. pylori fue determinada por ureasa rápida, cultivo y antígenos fecales específicos. Se determinó la CIM de algunos aislamientos mediante la prueba de E-test. Los pacientes recibieron triple terapia con amoxicilina (1000 mg bid vo), claritromicina (500 mg bid vo - Claritrobac‚) y omeprazole (20 mg bid vo - Proton‚), por 10 días. La erradicación de la infección se definió como presencia de H. pylori al principio del tratamiento y un resultado negativo en la prueba de antígenos fecales específicos, entre 30 y 45 días después de finalizado el tratamiento. Resultados: De los 267 pacientes que recibieron la triple terapia, 189 (70,8%) la completaron. La erradicación de la bacteria se confirmó en 127 (84,7%) de los pacientes que completaron el tratamiento. Treinta y siete (94,9%) de los 39 pacientes con diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica erradicaron la bacteria. La erradicación fue exitosa incluso en pacientes portadores de cepas que mostraron resistencia in vitro a amoxicilina o a claritromicina, aunque en este estudio la presencia de cepas sensibles no predice el éxito del tratamiento en todos los casos. Conclusión: La triple terapia basada en amoxicilina (1000 mg bid vo), claritromicina (500 mg bid vo - Claritro-bac‚) y omeprazole (20 mg bid vo - Proton‚), por 10 días, erradicó la infección por H. pylori en el 84,7% de los pacientes que cumplieron el tratamiento, incluyendo a 37 de 39 pacientes (94,9%) con enfermedad úlcero-péptica. La triple terapia por 10 días constituye una opción exitosa para erradicar de la infección por H. pylori.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Justification and objective: H. pylori has been associated with development of various types of gastric pathology including chronic gastritis, peptic disease, intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Eradication of this infection is an important recourse in the treament of patients with those pathologies. In this study, the triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori infection was evaluated in a group of chronic gastritis and peptic disease patients. Methods: 267 patients attending the Gastroenterology Clinic of HCG from January to May 2000 were included in this study. H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease test, culture and specific fecal antigen test. MIC was assessed by E-test for some isolates. The triple therapy was amoxicillin (1000 mg), clarithromycin (500 mg - Claritrobac‚) and omeprazole (20 mg - Proton‚) given twicely for 10 days. Eradication was defined as the conversion of a positive specific fecal antigen test at entry to negative test 30-45 days after cessation of therapy. Results: 189 out of 267 patients (70,8%) completed the treatment. The eradication of H. pylori infection was achieved in 84,7% patients, including 37 out of 39 (94,9%) patients suffering of peptic ulcer disease. Eradication was successful even in patients carrying H. pylori strains which showed resistance either to amoxicillin or clarithromycin, although the presence of sensible strains do not predict the success of the therapy. Conclusion: Triple therapy with amoxicillin (1000 mg), clarithromycin [Claritrobac‚] (500 mg) and omeprazole [Proton‚] (20 mg) given twicely for 10 days eradicated the H. pylori infection in 84,7% of treated patients, including 37 out of 39 patients suffering peptic ulcer disease. Triple therapy for 10 days is a successful option for the erradication of H. pylori infection.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd>
<kwd>triple terapia</kwd>
<kwd>resistencia a antibióticos</kwd>
<kwd>amoxicilina</kwd>
<kwd>claritromicina</kwd>
<kwd>omeprazole</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente de la infancia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis médico quirúrgico sobre el grupo de edad más común, género, grado de apendicitis y tratamientos previos de los pacientes apendicectomizados en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital de San Carlos. Método: Se incluyeron 120 pacientes de ambos sexos, apendicectomizados en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital de San Carlos, con edades comprendidas entre los 0 y 13 años, durante el período de enero de 1999 a agosto de 2001. La recolección de los datos fue llevada a cabo por el investigador, en una revisión exhaustiva de las historias clínicas y los expedientes. Resultados: Entre los 120 pacientes operados, el grupo de edad más frecuente es de 10 a 13 años, el género al que mayormente se le realizó apendicectomía fue el masculino, el grado clínico patológico que predominó fue el segundo. Entre los tratamientos previos más utilizados están los analgésicos no opioides y los antinflamatorios no esteroidales. Los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento médico previo presentaron mayor grado apendicular clínico patológico durante la apendicectomía. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda es principalmente clínico. Su retraso y el inicio de tratamiento médico son factores importantes que repercuten en la evolución y en el incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente pediátrico.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Justification and Objectives: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent abdominal surgical emergency in children. The objective of the present study was to conduct a medical surgical analysis regarding the most frequent age group, gender, grade of appendicitis and previous treatments used in appendicectomized patients at the Pediatric Surgery department of the San Carlos Hospital. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients of both genders were appendectomized at the Pediatric Surgery department of the San Carlos Hospital, their ages ranged from hours old neonates to thirteen years old, between January 1999 to August 2001. The gathering of data was carried out by the author in an exhaustive review of clinical histories and files. Results: Among the 120 patients operated, the most frequent age group was from 10 to 13 years old, there were more males than females; most were classified as being second grade appendicitis. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as non opiate analgesics were among the previous medical treatments more widely used. The patients who stated having received previous medical treatment presented a higher grade of clinical appendicitis during surgery and in the pathology specimens. Conclusions: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is mainly clinical. Late diagnosis and delay in medical treatment are important factors that increase the morbidity and mortality of the pediatric patient.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Apendicitis aguda</kwd>
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<kwd>diagnóstico temprano</kwd>
<kwd>enfermedad de morera</kwd>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
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<article-id>S0001-60022003000200008</article-id>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis y seguimiento de pacientes con tumores mediastinales egresados de los hospitales metropolitanos de Costa Rica durante 1996</article-title>
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<surname>Salazar Vargas</surname>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS  </institution>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS Gerencia Administrativa </institution>
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<institution>,CCSS Hospital R. A. Calderón Guardia Cirugía de Tórax y Cardiovascular</institution>
<addr-line>Escazú </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<year>2003</year>
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<year>2003</year>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En nuestro país se ha investigado poco sobre los tumores mediastinales, los clínicos tenemos la sensación de que estamos viendo cada vez más enfermos con estos tumores y que estos son mas frecuentemente malignos. Objetivo: estudiar todos los pacientes nuevos egresados en todo el país con un tumor mediastinal, y continuar su seguimiento por 5 años. A raíz de ello sacar conclusiones epidemiológicas y de su comportamiento de acuerdo al tratamiento administrado. Material y métodos: todos los pacientes egresados de los hospitales metropolitanos de adultos de Costa Rica durante 1996 con tumor mediastinal fueron estudiados y seguidos por 5 años completos. Resultados: hubo 101 pacientes, 58 mujeres y 43 hombres, 52 tuvieron tumores malignos y 48 benignos. Las mujeres tuvieron más timomas, quistes y tumores neurogénicos, y los varones más de células germinales. La incidencia nacional para la población de 1996 fue de 2.9 y la de San José fue de 5.18 ajustada para su población, pero Limón, Puntarenas y Guanacaste tuvieron tasas menores que el promedio nacional. Todos los tumores benignos, los timomas y los neurogénicos malignos fueron resecados, aunque a los últimos se asoció radio y quimioterapia. Para algunos de células germinales se utilizó quimioterapia así como para los linfomas. Durante el período de seguimiento fallecieron 6 pacientes, todos con enfermedad maligna, y de los 46 vivos 5 han desarrollado metástasis. Conclusión: la incidencia de tumores mediastinales en nuestro medio es alta comparada con la literatura internacional, así como la incidencia de malignidad en los mismos. Estos datos son mas aparentes para la provincia de San José. Se muestran los hallazgos en relación con diferentes variables y la respuesta al tratamiento. La radiografía convencional de tórax sigue siendo fundamental en el diagnóstico de estos tumores.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Summary: Even though mediastinal tumors have been rarely studied in Costa Rica, our impression as clinicians is that we are seen more patients with this type of growths and that these are more frequently malignant. Objective: To study all the patients in the whole country discharged with the diagnosis of &quot;mediastinal tumor&quot; and lo follow them for 5 full years. According lo the findings epidemiological conclusions were drawn as well as the natural history of the tumors in relationship lo the treatment prescribed. Methods: All the patients discharged during 1996, from the 4 main referral centers from Costa Rica with a mediastinal tumor were studied and followed for 5 complete years. Results: A total of 101 individuals were diagnosed, 58 women and 43 men, 52 had malignant tumors and 48 had benign tumors. Women had more thymomas, cysts, and neurogenic tumors and men had more germinal cell growths. The national incidence for the 1996 population was 2.9 and that for San Jose was 5.18 adjusted for its population then. However Limon, Puntarenas and Guanacaste had lower rates than the national average. All benign tumors, thymomas and malignant neurogenic tumors were resected, although the latter were also treated with chemo and radiotherapy if needed. For some of the germinal cell tumors and for lymphomas chemo and radiotherapy was prescribes as well. During the follow up period 6 patients died, all had malignant disease and as for remaining 46 that are still alive5 had developed metastatic spread. Conclusion: our incidente of mediastinal tumors and their malignancy rate is high in comparison with internacional reports found in the literature. These figures are more apparent for the province of San Jose. The findings are shown according lo different variables and the tumor's response lo the treatments administered. The convencional chest x-ray is still of paramount importance in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>timoma</kwd>
<kwd>teratoma</kwd>
<kwd>coriocarcinoma</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los schwannomas del tracto gastrointestinal son muy raros, los más comúnmente encontrados son los de estómago. Se presenta un caso de un schwannoma de colon, el cual es aún menos común. Los schwannomas se han asociado con neurofibromatosis. La incidencia es igual en ambos sexos y el rango de edad es amplio, desde los 18 hasta los 87 años. Los síntomas más hallados son el sangrado, el dolor abdominal y la obstrucción intestinal. El método diagnóstico más certero es la tomografía axial computarizada. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y consiste en la resección completa del tumor; la quimioterapia y radioterapia no han mostrado resultados favorables. El pronóstico depende principalmente del tamaño del tumor, edad mayor de siete años, la necrosis del 25% del tumor o más y la presencia de neurofibromatosis.</p></abstract>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220030002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022003000200011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Síndrome de Rapunzel: reporte de un caso</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aguilar-Arauz</surname>
<given-names>María</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Mena</surname>
<given-names>Christian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Área de Salud Paso Ancho  </institution>
<addr-line>Tibas </addr-line>
<country>San José</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense Seguro Social Hospital Tony Facio Servicio de Patología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense Seguro Social Clínica Carlos Durán </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>80</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022003000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se reporta el caso de una niña de tres años con pérdida de peso, anemia ferropénica y síntomas digestivos de varios meses de evolución, quien presentó un episodio de dolor y distensión abdominal intenso, que requirió manejo quirúrgico. Se evidenció la presencia de un tricobezoar asociado con un síndrome de Rapunzel. El síndrome de Rapunzel consiste en la formación de una cola de pelo extendida desde estómago hacia intestino, lo que produce un efecto de acordeón en las asas intestinales, que lleva a necrosis isquémica. Los bezoares, son cuerpos extraños en el tracto gastrointestinal, que pueden ocurrir como resultado de la ingesta de objetos o comidas que no atraviesan el píloro, aumentan de tamaño al sumarse fibras y comida no absorbible. El término se origina a partir de badzher del árabe, padzhar del persa y beluzaar del hebreo, que significan antídoto , ya que en culturas antiguas las piedras o sustancias duras que se encontraban en los estómagos o intestinos de los animales se consideraban sagradas, y se decía tenían poderes curativos. Los bezoares se han observado en mujeres con problemas de personalidad o en individuos portadores de desequilibrios psiquiátricos. Usualmente se desarrollan como complicaciones de cirugía gástrica que alteran la función pilórica, o en circunstancias en que disminuyan la motilidad gástrica o disminuyen la acidez del estómago. Se dividen en varias categorías según el material constituyente: fitobezoares, tricobezoares, lactobezoares, bezoares de levaduras, bezoares como secuelas de cirugía gástrica, concreciones de materiales inorgánicos (asfalto, arena, goma), entre otros.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We report the case of a 3-year-old female who for several months had unespecific digestive symptoms, weigth loss and iron deficiency anaemia. She suffered an acute abdominal pain episode associated with tenderness that required an exploratory laparotomy. A thrichobezoar was found in the stomach which was associated with a Rapunzel Syndrome Rapunzel Syndrome consists in the formation of a hair- ball or trichobezoar that later develops a hairy tail that extends through the bowel. This produces an achordeon effect resulting in bowel necrosis.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Bezoar</kwd>
<kwd>tricobezoar</kwd>
<kwd>Síndrome de Rapunzel</kwd>
<kwd>obstrucción intestinal</kwd>
<kwd>tricotilomania</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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