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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Inflamación en el oído medio</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Porras-Madrigal</surname>
<given-names>Oscar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>110</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lesiones abdominales por arma de fuego en el embarazo</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
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</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>112</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manejo farmacológico del dolor en el paciente oncológico</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sáenz Campos</surname>
<given-names>Desirée</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>113</fpage>
<lpage>113</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manejo farmacológico del dolor en el paciente oncológico</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales Alpízar</surname>
<given-names>Catalina</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salas Herrera</surname>
<given-names>Isaías</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centro Nacional de Control del Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>114</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El dolor presenta una fisiopatología muy compleja, donde intervienen elementos que pueden llegar a ser difíciles de controlar. En el cáncer se identifican diferentes tipos de dolor de acuerdo con la o las estructuras afectadas. La proliferación de células neoplásicas puede afectar estructuras somáticas, vísceras, huesos, estructuras del sistema nervioso o tejidos blandos, por lo que el paciente con cáncer puede presentar cualquier manifestación del dolor, incluso de gran severidad. Existen múltiples medicamentos utilizados para el manejo de este tipo de dolor: antinflamatorios no esteroideos, antidepresivos tricíclicos, neuromoduladores, anestésicos locales,. esteroides, bifosfonatos y opioides. Los opioides continúan siendo la piedra angular en el manejo del dolor por cáncer, sin embargo, aún hay barreras para su adecuado manejo.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Pain pathophysiology is very complex since many different factors participate. In cancer, neoplastic cells grow uncontrollably so they affect somatic structures, nerves, bones, soft tissues, and hollow organs. So any type of pain can be present in this disease and the intensity of it can be extremely severe. There are many medications that are used for cancer pain control: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tryciclic antidepresssants neuromodulators, steroids, biphosphonates and opioids. The latters are the medications most frequently used to treat this type of pain, however there are still many barriers for the appropriate use of these drugs.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>cuidados paliativos</kwd>
<kwd>cáncer</kwd>
<kwd>opioides</kwd>
<kwd>analgesia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto de Atención Pediátrica  </institution>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto de Atención Pediátrica  </institution>
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<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Instituto de Atención Pediátrica  </institution>
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<institution>,Instituto de Atención Pediátrica  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La otitis media aguda es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en la edad pediátrica. Los gérmenes que con mayor frecuencia se aíslan en el oído medio de estos pacientes son el Streptococcus pneumoniae, el Haemophilus influenzae, la Moraxella catarrhalis y el Streptococcus pyogenes. El patrón de resistencia antibiótica de estas bacterias varía dependiendo de la región geográfica. y es la base fundamental para establecer recomendaciones terapéuticas. El análisis en Costa Rica. de la microbiología de la otitis media aguda, otitis media recurrente y otitis media catalogada como falla terapéutica, sugiere que la amoxicilina en una dosis de 50 mg/Kg/día por 10 días, debe ser considerada el antibiótico de primera línea en los casos de otitis media aguda. En los pacientes con otitis media recurrente, falla antimicrobiana o cuando se sospeche la presencia de un Streptococcus pneumoniae resistente a la penicilina, se debe considerar el uso de amoxicilina en dosis más elevadas, amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico, macrólidos o ceftrlaxona.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Otitis media is one of the most common causes of consultation among the pediatric population. The pathogens most frequently isolated from middle ear fluid are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrobial resistance patterns vary by region and their knowledge is considered important in order to achieve proper antimicrobial selection. In Costa Rica the microbiology of patients with acute, recurrent and tteattnent failure otitis media has been recently analyzed. The results of these studies indicate that amoxicillin at 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days should be considered first line of therapy for patients with acute otitis media. In patients with recurrent otitis media, therapeutic failures or in patients at risk of having a penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the second line agents should be considered.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Lesiones cutáneas en educadores físicos costarricenses</article-title>
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<surname>Moncada Jiménez</surname>
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<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Servicio de Dermatología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<fpage>132</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: Los educadores físicos representan una población laboral que se expone crónicamente a la radiación solar. No se han descrito las lesiones cutáneas en este grupo de personas. El propósito del estudio fue describir la incidencia de lesiones cutáneas en educadores físicos costarricenses. Métodos: En total, participaron voluntariamente 23 hombres (48.9%) y 24 mujeres (51.1%), a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario. Los 47 participantes fueron revisados por un médico del Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital R. A. Calderón Guardia de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Se obtuvo información demográfica, fenotipo, salud general y horario de trabajo, prendas de vestir utilizadas para laborar, protección y cuidado de la piel, historia familiar y personal de cáncer de piel, y ubicación anatómica de las lesiones. Resultados y discusión: Las lesiones cutáneas se ubicaron en las regiones del rostro, el pecho, la espalda alta, los brazos y los muslos. Hubo 3 casos con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de piel, y una persona presentó antecedentes personales (no melanoma). Se encontraron lesiones premalignas en 5 sujetos (6.3%). Se recomienda evitar la exposición solar; una revisión anual con el dermatólogo; un autoexamen de piel completo mensualmente; el uso de prendas de vestir cuya translucidez sea poca, hechas de un material como el algodón, idealmente de color claro; también el uso de gorra o sombrero, anteojos oscuros, filtros solares, y si fuera posible, cambiar horarios de trabajo para horas cuando ocurre la menor radiación solar.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose: In Costa Rica, physical education professionals are chronically exposed to solar radiation throughout their lives. However, skin lesions in this group of workers have not been described so far. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of skin lesions in this professionals in Costa Rica. Methods: Twenty-three males (48.9%) and twenty-four females (51.1%) volunteers answered a questionnaire and were examined by a dermatologist from the Dermatology Service of the Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia Hospital. Information on demographics, phototype, general health status, work schedule, clothing, skin and sun protection, family and personal history for skin cancer, and anatomic region of the skin lesion were obtained. Results and discussion: In general, most lesions were found in the face, chest, shoulders, back, arms, and thighs. There were 3 cases of family history of skin cancer; and one case of personal history (non melanoma) of skin cancer. Pre-malignant lesions suggestive of skin cancer were found in 5 cases (6.3%). In conclusion, avoiding excessive sun exposure and a yearly visit to a dermatologist is recornmended. It is also important to perform a monthly self-examination of the skin, to wear sun glasses, hat, sun blockers, and thick-layered lightcolored preferably cotton clothes. Agradecimientos Un agradecimiento especial a los educadores físicos que voluntariamente participaron en este estudio; al comité organizador del Congreso Nacional de Educación Física, por facilitamos una sala adecuada para la revisión médica; al Dr. Daniel Rodríguez Guerrero, Jefe del Servicio de Medicina del Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (HRACG); al Dr. Luis Paulino Hernández Castañeda, Director del HRACG; y al Dr. Alvaro Chen Chen, jefe del Servicio de Dermatología del HRACG., por brindar los permisos correspondientes para que los médicos participaran en el estudio.</p></abstract>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
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<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Calidad del control glicémico según la hemoglobina glicosilada vs la glicemia en ayunas: análisis en una población urbana y otra rural de diabéticos costarricenses</article-title>
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<surname>Laclé Murray</surname>
<given-names>Adriana</given-names>
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<given-names>Manuel Francisco</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS Hospital de La Anexión Programa de Pacientes Crónicos</institution>
<addr-line>Nicoya </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>144</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) es actualmente la mejor prueba disponible que refleja el control glicémico del paciente diabético, pero su uso y disponibilidad no están ordenados en el sistema nacional de salud de Costa Rica, aunque sí normados en las &quot;Guías de atención al paciente diabético&quot;. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la calidad del control glicémico, según se use la glicemia en ayunas o el nivel de HbA1c en pacientes diabéticos costarricenses, de una comunidad urbana y otra rural. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, que documenta los dos parámetros mencionados en 237 diabéticos, controlados en 6 EBAIS urbanos del área de Salud Desamparados 3, provincia de San José, y en 257 diabéticos controlados en 3 EBAIS rurales del área de Salud de Nicoya, provincia de Guanacaste, durante el año 2000. En los pacientes de Desamparados se registró la glicemia más próxima al mes de julio de 2000, y su respectiva HbA1c tomada concomitantemente. En los diabéticos nicoyanos se recolectaron todas las glicemias del año 2000 y sus respectivas HbA1c, con un promedio anual de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Los niveles de glicemia de los diabéticos urbanos (U) se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en los rangos superiores: &gt;200 mg/dl en un 35%; de 141-180 mg/dl, un 20.5%, y solo el 17.9% estaba en rangos normales de 60-110 mg/dl, como muestra de un pobre control glicémico. Los diabéticos de zona rural (R) indicaron niveles similares, aunque levemente mejor controlados, con &gt;200mg/dl en un 27%, de 141-180, un 22.9%, y de 60-110, un 22.3%. La distribución porcentual, según niveles de HbA1c en la zona urbana, fue: &gt;9.5% un 34%, entre el 8% y el 9.5% un 22.8%, y solo el 21.1% fue menor al 6.5%, mientras que los de zona rural se ubicaron con porcentajes del 40.4%, el 24.1% y el 14.0%, respectivamente. Al relacionar los niveles de glicemia con los rangos de equivalencia de HbA1c, se encontró que en el rango de 60-110 mg/dl solo el 58.5% de la zona urbana y el 65.3% de la zona rural, estaban con HbA1c &lt; 6.5%; un 22% en zona urbana y un 10.5% en la rural tenían niveles superiores al 8%. Para el rango de 110-126 mg/dl el 30% urbano y el 37.4% rural tenían Hba1c &gt; 8%. Los rangos superiores de glicemia (&gt;200 mg/dl) sí presentaron buena correlación con Hba1c &gt; 9.5 del 75.6% en urbanos y el 82.9 % en rurales. Conclusión: El estudio demostró que es necesario realizar la HbA1c para valorar la calidad del control metabólico, sobre todo en pacientes que manejan glicemias en ayunas con valores &amp;lt; 180 mg/dl. Alrededor de un 30% de los pacientes con niveles de glicemia considerados buenos en ayunas, tenían su HbA1c en un nivel malo o crítico. Por sí sola, la glicemia en ayunas no reveló el verdadero estado del control glicémico, por lo que la disponibilidad de HbA1c debe garantizarse en todas las áreas de salud de Costa Rica, para su uso cada 3 meses, como se especifica en las normas de la Seguridad Social.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is at present the best available test to reflect the metabolic control of diabetic patients, however its use is not yet systematic in our national health system. Objective: To determine the quality of metabolic control of Costa Rican diabetics by urbanization level, according to fasting blood glucose or HbA1c and to compare their respective equivalent values. Study design and methods: Retrospective study comparing the two parameters mentioned above, 237 diabetics controlled at 6 Primary Health Care centers (EBAIS) of an urban Health Area (Desamparados, one county of the San José province), and 257 diabetics controlled in 3 Primary Health Care Centers (EBAIS) of a rural Health Area, (Nicoya, one county of the province of Guanacaste), during the year 2000. In the patients of Desamparados the blood glucose closest to the month of July of 2000 and its respective HbA1c, taken the same day, was registered. In those diabetics from Nicoya the average blood glucose and HbA1c of the year 2000 was used for the study. Results: Fasting blood glucose in the urban diabetics was more frequently at higher levels: 35% &gt;200 mg/dl, 20.5% between 141-180 mg/dl and only 17.9% were within normal ranges (60-110 mg/dl), thus exhibiting poor metabolic control. Diabetics from the rural area had similar results, with 27% over 200mg/dl, 22.9% in the ranges of 141-180 and 22.3% within normal ranges. The HbA1c results were not adequate either, at the urban setting, 34.6% were over the critical values of 9.5%, and only 21.1% were lower than 6.5%, compared to 40.4% and 14.0%, respectively in the rural area. When the equivalent ranges of fasting blood glucose were compared with HbA1c, big differences were found; for normal glycemic ranges (60-110mg/dl), on1y 58.5% of the urban data, and 65.3% of the rurals, coincided with its equivalent of HbA1c (&lt;6.5%); 30% of the urban patients and 37% rural patients had for this same values, HbA1c over 8%. When the values of blood glucose were over 200 mg/dl, the relation with its HbA1c equivalent range (&gt; 9.5%) was high: 75.6% in urban area and 82.9 % in the rural area. Conclusion: glycosilated hemoglobin is the best method to evaluate the quality of metabolic control in diabetic patients, especially in those that handle fasting levels &amp;lt;200 mg/dl. In Costa Rica glycosilated hemoglobin determination has not been generalized at primary health level and too many patients are not receiving the benefit of an intensive therapy, because they are being evaluated only with fasting blood glucose. The implementation of glycosilated hemoglobin is posible for our national health system and it should be compulsory in all Health Areas of Costa Rica.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Diabetes mellitus</kwd>
<kwd>hemoglobina glicosilada</kwd>
<kwd>control glicémico</kwd>
<kwd>glicemia en ayunas</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000300008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Carcinoma verrugoso</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quesada Jiménez</surname>
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<name>
<surname>Hidalgo Madock</surname>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 76 años, vecino de Turrialba, agricultor, que consultó por una lesión de 3 años de evolución, localizada en la palma de la mano derecha a nivel palmar y compromiso de los dedos de la misma mano, caracterizada como una neoformación exofítica verrugosa de 5 por 11 cm. aproximadamente, con material caseoso entre sus crestas. La lesión ha estado creciendo de forma acelerada en los últimos 3 meses, causándole dolor y que le imposibilita ellaborar. Se le realizaron exámenes y se descartaron varias causas infecciosas, y concluyendo luego de varias biopsias con el diagnóstico de un carcinoma verrugoso. El paciente fue tratado mediante una amputación parcial de la mano. Este tumor es una variante del carcinoma epidermoide y presentamos su clasificación, patogénesis, histopatología, manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes y diagnóstico diferencial.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A 76 year old farmer from Turrialba (Cartago), presented with a 3 year old lesion of his right pal and proximal fingers. It was exophitic, wart like, and it measured 5x11 cm, draining caseous material from its crests. The lesion had grows quickly for the last 3 months and it became tender to the point of making impossible for him to work. A series of tests were done to rule out other possible infections causes, after several biopsies the diagnosis of verrocous carcinoma was made. The patient underwent a partial amputation of his hand. This tumor is considered a from of squamous cell carcinoma, we present here its classification, pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical manifestations and diferential diagnosis.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Carcinoma verrugoso</kwd>
<kwd>virus papiloma humano</kwd>
<kwd>VPH</kwd>
<kwd>virus papiloma humano</kwd>
<kwd>TBL</kwd>
<kwd>tumor Buschke Loewenstein</kwd>
<kwd>TA</kwd>
<kwd>tumor de Ackerman</kwd>
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<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El quiste del colédoco se define como la dilatación congénita o combinada del árbol biliar extrahepático (tipo más frecuente) o intrahepático. La etiología no está aún determinada, pero existen tres teorías. Esta patología se observa en niños y adultos, predominantemente en mujeres. Pueden manifestarse anomalías en todo el sistema biliar, ya sea intra o extrahepático. Se clasifica en 5 tipos. Antes, el abordaje de dichos quistes era la cistoentero anastomosis, pero ahora se recomienda realizar una escisión completa del quiste, para disminuir el riesgo de malignidad y desarrollo de colangitis o pancreatitis recurrente. Aquí se presenta el caso de una mujer de 21 años con dolor abdominal, ictericia y una masa en el hipocondrío derecho, secundario a dicha patología, que fue sometida a una resección quirúrgica con anastomosis primaria. La evaluación anatomopatológica demostró una estructura quística de aspecto similar a una vesícula biliar, congestiva y pardusca, con inflamación crónica leve. Tuvo un postoperatorio satisfactorio y egresó con tratamiento antibiótico. El quiste coledociano debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de aquellos pacientes con dolor abdominal y masa en el cuadrante.</p></abstract>
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<kwd-group>
<kwd>quiste del colédoco</kwd>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040003</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
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<article-id>S0001-60022004000300010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lesiones abdominales por arma de fuego en el embarazo. Reporte de un caso</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Centeno Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Madelein</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
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<surname>Pérez Baltodano</surname>
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<surname>Montera Carvajal</surname>
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<surname>Vindas Montero</surname>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS Hospital San Juan de Dios Cirugía General</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS Hospital San Juan de Dios Servicio de Emergencias Quirúrgicas</institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>09</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>152</fpage>
<lpage>155</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000300010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las lesiones por arma de fuego se han convertido en una causa importante de morbimortalidad en nuestro medio y las mujeres embarazadas no han constituido la excepción. En este artículo se presenta un caso de trauma abdominal por arma de fuego en una paciente embarazada, así como una revisión del manejo de tales casos, tanto de la madre como del producto, con especial atención a las indicaciones de laparotomía exploratoria y cesárea de emergencia. Finalmente, con base en la bibliografía, se propone el respectivo protocolo de manejo.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Gunshot wounds have become a very important cause of morbidity and mortality in our society, and pregnant patients have not been the exception. In this paper, a case of an abdominal gunshot wound in a pregnant patient is presented. The proper management of the mother and of the fetus is discussed, with special interest over the indications of laparotomy and emergency c-section. Finally, a management protocol is proposed based on the literature.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>trauma penetrante</kwd>
<kwd>embarazo</kwd>
<kwd>lesiones uterinas</kwd>
<kwd>mortalidad fetal</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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