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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<year>2004</year>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las aflatoxinas pertenecen a la familia de las micotoxinas, que son sustancias químicas producidas por cepas toxigénicas de hongos, principalmente Aspergillus flavus y Aspergillus parasiticus. Estas sustancias pueden causar enfermedad y muerte, tanto en animales como en seres humanos. Las aflatoxinas son frecuentemente aisladas de alimentos como maíz, arroz, maní y otros, que han tenido un mal manejo postcosecha. La ingestión de aflatoxinas puede producir una enfermedad conocida como aflatoxicosis. La aflatoxina B1 es el factor que más obstaculiza el desarrollo fetal, con mayor capacidad de provocar o acelerar el cáncer, y es además el tipo de aflatoxina que provoca mayores cambios repentinos y permanentes en los genes, entre estos, puede inducir una mutación específica en el codón 249 del gen supresor P53, relacionado con la génesis de tumores.</p></abstract>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
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<article-id>S0001-60022004000400005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Enfermedad de Dupuytren</article-title>
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<month>10</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
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</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Desde que fue descrita por primera vez en el Hotel Dieu, en París, por el Dr. Guilliaume Dupuytren, durante una de sus famosas conferencias en 1832, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la contractura de Dupuytren han permanecido sin cambio alguno a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar de que esta enfermedad afecta usualmente a individuos del noroeste europeo, y por ende es bastante rara en la sociedad latina, es importante reconocer los signos que definen la contractura y correlacionarlos con los factores predisponentes y los de riesgo. Se evitará así confundirla con otras enfermedades que comprometen la mano y al hacer un diagnóstico correcto, el paciente será referido en el momento adecuado, para su corrección quirúrgica</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Since first described at Hotel Dieu in Paris by Doctor Guilliaume Dupuytren during one of his famous lectures in 1832, the diagnosis and treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture has remained pretty much unchanged. Although this disease affects usually northwestern European individuals and therefore is very uncommon in our Latin society, it is always important to be able to recognize not only the signs that define the contracture itself but also to be able to correlate them with the risk and predisposing factors. The recognition and differential diagnosis with other diseases of the hand will facilitate proper and prompt patient referral for surgical treatment</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Contractura</kwd>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<year>2004</year>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico de la leptospirosis en la población de la Región Huetar Norte, durante el periodo comprendido entre 1997 y 2000, según la información biomédica de la sede regional del Ministerio de Salud y del Hospital San Carlos. Método: Se pidió a INCIENSA una lista de los casos con serología positiva por leptospirosis de la Región Huetar Norte, vistos de 1997 al 2000; se solicitaron los expedientes clínicos de estos pacientes a la oficina de Bioestadística del Hospital San Carlos y de allí se obtuvieron los datos requeridos por una hoja previamente confeccionada. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 58 pacientes diagnosticados con leptospirosis en dicha región, en el periodo en estudio; predominó el género masculino, en una relación de 13:1. La población más afectada fue la de los adultos jóvenes, entre los 15 y los 30 años. El cantón de donde provinieron más personas con la enfermedad fue San Carlos. Más de la tercera parte de estas personas se ocupaban de labores agrícolas o ganadería. Los serotipos encontrados de manera más frecuente fueron pyrogenes, seguido de sejroe, tarassovi y hebdomadis. Las principales manifestaciones fueron: fiebre, cefalea, mialgias, sangrados, alteración en las pruebas de función renal y hepática, trombocitopenia y aumento de la creatinin fosfoquinasa. Conclusiones: En casi la totalidad de los pacientes fue posible determinar factores de riesgo, y en la mayoría el principal factor fue la exposición ocupacional. El hallazgo de leucopenia es tres veces más frecuente que el de leucocitosis, por lo que se puede afirmar que existe un comportamiento clínico diferente de la leptospirosis descrito en la bibliografía</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim and objectives: To determine the epidemiological behavior of leptospirosis among the population of the northern region (Región Huetar Norte) of Costa Rica, during the 4 year period comprised between 1997 to 2000 according to biomedical data issued by the regional headquarters of the Ministry of Health and the local Hospital. Methods: A list of cases with positive serology for leptospirosis seen in the northern region from 1997 to the year 2000, was supplied by the INCIENSA database. Their medical records were obtained from the office of biostatistics of the San Carlos Hospital. The information was collected in a previously designed form. The results were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: 58 patients had positive serology for leptospirosis. Among them the male gender predominated in a 13:1 ratio. Young adults (ages from 15 to 30 years) were more frequently affected. Most of the people diagnosed with leptospirosis were natives of San Carlos. More than one third of the patients were engaged in agriculture or cattle handling. The serotypes more frequently detected were pomona followed by sejroe, tarassovi and hebdomadis. The symptoms were fever, headaches, myalgia and bleeding. Laboratory findings renal and hepatic function tests abnormalities, thrombocytopenia and increased CPK were. Conclusions: Risk factors were present in almost all of the patients. Occupational factors predominated. Leucopoenia was 3 times more frequent than leucocytosis. This fact would lead us to state that there is a clinical behavior of leptospirosis that differs from what is described in the literature</p></abstract>
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<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000400007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus auto-reportada en Costa Rica, 1998</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roselló-Araya</surname>
<given-names>Marlene</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aráuz-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>Ana Gladys</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Padilla-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>Gioconda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morice-Trejos</surname>
<given-names>Ana</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>190</fpage>
<lpage>195</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) autoreportada en Costa Rica y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: En la encuesta Nacional de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples de 1998 se incluyó un módulo sobre DM. La población de estudio fueron los habitantes de todas las viviendas particulares, los dominios lo constituyeron las regiones de planificación definidas por el Ministerio de Planificación y Política Económica. En cada hogar se entrevistó a un informante mayor de 15 años para recolectar información sobre los miembros del hogar con DM, uso de insulina, presencia de complicaciones, tipo de limitación física y utilización de servicios de salud. Se calcularon frecuencias y OR (IC 95%) mediante regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes fue 2,5% (1,9% en hombres y 3,1% mujeres). El 89% de la muestra eran mayores de 40 años cuya prevalencia fue de 9,4% (7,4% hombres, 11,4% mujeres). La mayoría de diabéticos eran casados, tenían educación primaria y se clasificaron como &quot;no pobres&quot;. El 38,2% usaba insulina. En el último semestre, el 82,2% asistió a consultas médicas y el 8,4% requirió hospitalización. La enfermedad causó complicaciones en 36,1%, especialmente en la agudeza visual. Después de ajustar por edad se encontró que tienen mayor probabilidad de ser diabéticos las mujeres y las personas procedentes de áreas urbanas. El acceso a la educación superior es un factor protector. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la enfermedad es menor que en otros países, pero puede estar subestimada por ser auto-reportada. Las características de los pacientes son acordes con lo reportado por la literatura. El elevado porcentaje de pacientes con complicaciones puede reflejar un pobre control metabólico. Factores genéticos explicarían la mayor probabilidad de diabetes en mujeres. La asociación entre procedencia, estado civil y escolaridad con diabetes puede explicarse por estilos de vida, pero su interpretación es limitada por ser un estudio transversal. Sería útil promover la detección temprana de la enfermedad en la población señalada</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus through self- notification in Costa Rica and its association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: A module about Diabetes Mellitus was included in the National Home Survey of Multiple Purpose (NHSMP). The study population was defined as all private homes and their occupants, the study dominium were the regions defined by the Ministry of Planning and Economical Policy. At every home, information about family members with Diabetes Mellitus, use of insulin, presence of complications, type of physical limitations and use of health services, was given by and informant, of 15 years or older. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 2,5% (1,9% in men and 3,1% in women). The prevalence was 9,4% for the 89% of people older than 40 years old (7,4% in men and 11,4% in women). Most of the diabetics were married, had elementary education and were classified as &quot;not poor&quot;. The use of insulin was 38,2%. In the last semester, 82,2% attended medical services and 8,4% required hospitalization. The disease caused complications to 36,1%, specially visual. After adjusting for age, it was found that women had greater possibility of becoming diabetic as were, people from urban areas. Access to higher education is a protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of this disease was lower than in other countries, however it may be underestimated because of the use of self- notification. The characteristics of the patients agreed with the literature. The elevated percentage of patients with complications may reflect poor metabolic control. Genetic factors could explain the higher probability of diabetes in women. The association of place of residency, marital status and education, with diabetes may be explained by the life styles, but its interpretation is limited since this is a transversal study. It would be useful to encourage early detection of the disease in that specific population</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd>
<kwd>prevalencia</kwd>
<kwd>limitaciones físicas</kwd>
<kwd>insulina</kwd>
<kwd>hospitalización</kwd>
<kwd>encuesta de hogares</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220040004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-id>S0001-60022004000400008</article-id>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022004000400009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tumor masculinizante de ovario (a propósito de un caso)</article-title>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Toribio- Membreño</surname>
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<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez- Miranda</surname>
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<aff id="A">
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<fpage>201</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022004000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 63 años, con 6 años de evolución de alopecia, hirsutismo, voz ronca y clitorimegalia. Se le encontraron niveles altos de testosterona (263 ng/dl), el ultrasonido transvaginal demostró una lesión sólida en el ovario izquierdo. El manejo consistió en histerectomía abdominal y salpingooforectomía bilateral. La biopsia indicó un tumor benigno esteroidogénico tipo células de Leydig. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente, con mejoría parcial de sus manifestaciones en el control postoperatorio de 4 meses</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We report here the case of a 63 years old female with 6 years history of alopecia, hirsutism, deepening voice and clitorimegaly. She had high levels of testosterone (263 ng/dl) and a transvaginal ultrasound showed a solid lesion in the left ovary. The management consisted of abdominal histerectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. The biopsy reported a benign steroidogenic Leydig cell tumor. The patient did well with partial improvement of her manifestations, when was seen 4 months later</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Hirsutismo</kwd>
<kwd>alopecia</kwd>
<kwd>clitorimegalia</kwd>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The cold agglutinin syndrome is an uncommon disorders described more than one century ago. Red blood cells are lysed by complement and undergo phagocytosis by the reticulum endothelial system at low temperatures. We report the case of an 80 year old woman who suffered anemia and respiratory symptoms, treated with antibiotics on ambulatory basis. Her laboratory data showed a high titer of IgM cold agglutinins (1:8192). This disorder may be idiopathic, but secondary forms are seen in patients with Mycoplasma infection or malignant hematological neoplasm. We discuss this syndrome as well as its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory studies and treatment</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>aglutininas frías</kwd>
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