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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Dr. Alfredo Martén Obando: (QdDG)</article-title>
</title-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>03</fpage>
<lpage>06</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</article>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diagnóstico y Manejo Oportuno del Síndrome de HELLP</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Parra- Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>Pablo</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beckles- Maxwell</surname>
<given-names>Mario</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>07</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El síndrome de HELLP (SH) que según sus siglas en inglés consiste en hemólisis, aumento enzimas hepáticas y trombocitopenia, es una de las complicaciones maternas y fetales más graves durante el embarazo. El 10% de los embarazos complicados con preeclampsia severa o eclampsia son afectados por el SH. Este síndrome ha sido descrito desde la mitad del segundo trimestre hasta varios días posparto. Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes van a desarrollar sus primeras manifestaciones de SH hasta varios días posparto. De los dos tercios de mujeres que son diagnosticadas con SH en el anteparto, el 10% se presentan antes de las 27 semanas, el 20% luego de las 37 semanas y el 70% ocurren entre las 27 y 37 semanas de gestación. La mortalidad materna ha sido reportada en un 24% y la perinatal en un 30-40%. El diagnóstico y manejo temprano del SH resulta un problema para los profesionales en obstetricia, esto debido principalmente a la falta de signos y síntomas específicos, lo cual retarda el adecuado manejo de ésta patología si no se diagnostica en sus inicios o adecuadamente. El manejo de embarazos complicados con el SH requiere de un reconocimiento temprano y de un tratamiento apropiado.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The HELLP syndrome of haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets is a major complication of pregnancy. Ten percent of pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are affected by HELLP syndrome. HELLP syndrome has been described as firts appearing from the mid second trimester of pregnancy until severe days postpartum. Approximately one third of patients will have their first manifestation of HELLP syndrome diagnosed postpartum. Of the two thirds of women who are first diagnosed with HELLP syndrome antepartum, 10% will be identified before 27 weeks, 20% in pregnacies beyond 37 weeks, and the majority, 70%, occurring between 27 and 37 weeks gestation. The maternal mortality has been reported to be as high as 24% and perinatal mortality can range as high as 30-40%. The early diagnosis and treatment of HELLP syndrome remains problematic for the obstetric health care provider. The non-especific signs and symptoms of this disorder early in the disease process make the accurate diagnosis difficult and delays early treatment, which has the best prognosis for both maternal and perinatal outcome. The management of the pregnancy complicated by HELLP syndrome requires early recognition and the institution of the appropriate therapy.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Embarazo</kwd>
<kwd>hipertensión arterial</kwd>
<kwd>síndrome de HELLP</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación de los mamógrafos en Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>24</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivos: debido al aumento en la incidencia del cáncer de mama en las mujeres costarricenses se pretende evaluar el desempeño de los mamógrafos como herramienta diagnóstica por excelencia para la detección temprana del cáncer de mama. Métodos: dos de los 3 indicadores globales de calidad de imagen (dosis glandular promedio y calidad de imagen) fueron evaluados de junio de 2002 a octubre de 2003 en 26 mamógrafos nacionales facilitados por los radiólogos responsables de los mismos. Resultados: la dosis glandular promedio encontrada fue de 1.75 ± 0.60 mGy con un rango desde 0.8 a 2.56. Respecto a la evaluación de la imagen del maniquí, un 73% de los mamógrafos evaluados visualizaron 4 o más fibras, un 53% pudo visualizar 3 o más grupos de microcalcificaciones y un 82% pudo visualizar 3 o más grupos de masas. Conclusión: los valores de la dosis glandular promedio se encuentran por debajo del nivel orientativo de dosis establecido internacionalmente en 3 mGy. Sin embargo el análisis de las imágenes del maniquí evidenció que solo 54% de los equipos obtenían un puntaje ponderado (suma de grupos de fibras, microcalcificaciones y masas) mayor o igual a 10. El objetivo primordial de la mamografía es brindar un diagnóstico certero que pueda salvar la vida de la paciente, es necesario encontrar los factores que están degradando las imágenes pudiendo ser necesario aumentar las dosis para lograrlo. Este estudio evidencia la necesidad urgente de la introducción permanente de programas de control de calidad que garanticen óptimas imágenes con las menores dosis recomendadas internacionalmente.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Due to the increasing incidence of breast cancer in Costa Rican women, an evaluation of national mamographic equipment was conducted. Materials and Methods: From June 2002 to October 2003, 2 of the 3 global indicators of image quality were evaluated, (mean glandular dose and phantom image) in 26 mamography machines. Results: The mean glandular dose found was 1.7 ± 0.60 mGy with a range of 0.8 a 2.56. regarding quality image, 73% of the evaluated equipment was able to see 4 or more fibers, 53% saw 3 or more groups of microcalcifications and 82% saw 3 or more mass groups. Conclusions: All mean glandular doses were below the international reference dose value of 3 mGy. However, the analysis of phantom images showed that only 54% of all the equipment had a total score (sum of mass groups, fibers and microcalcifications) superior or equal to 10, as expected. A correct diagnosis that could eventually save the patient’s life is the main objective of a mammogram; the factors that are degrading the images must be found and it might be necessary to increase the doses to achieve this. This study demonstrates the urgent necessity to introduce permanent quality control programs that will provide excellent images with the lowest internationally recommended doses.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Mamografía</kwd>
<kwd>calidad de imagen</kwd>
<kwd>dosis glandular promedio</kwd>
<kwd>maniquí</kwd>
<kwd>control de calidad</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<article-id>S0001-60022005000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Factores de riesgo para infarto agudo de miocardio y prescripción de medicamentos para prevención secundaria</article-title>
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<given-names>Desirée</given-names>
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<given-names>Zahira</given-names>
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<surname>Rojas-Mora</surname>
<given-names>Laura M</given-names>
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<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Medicina </institution>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Dpto. Farmacoterapia </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
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<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: tipificar algunos factores de riesgo coronario presentes en los pacientes que sobreviven a un primer infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) y describir el tratamiento farmacológico prescrito para profilaxis secundaria al egreso hospitalario. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, con información extraída del expediente clínico de 50 pacientes atendidos en 3 hospitales nacionales. Resultados: 42 varones y 8 mujeres, edad 63 ± 15 años, peso 67 ± 12 kg, Índice de Masa Corporal= 26.1 ± 2.1 kg/m², 38% hipertensos, 22% diabéticos (n= 8 pacientes con diabetes + hipertensión) y 34% fumadores. Colesterol total 191 ± 45.7 mg/dL, colesterol-LDL 112 ± 33.8 mg/dL y colesterol-HDL 39.4 ± 8.26 mg/dL. Todos egresaron con medicamentos: 92% con antitrombóticos (predominó aspirina), 92% con estatinas, 78% con betabloqueador (atenolol o carvedilol), 70% con enalapril o losartán y 48% con nitratos. Conclusiones: este estudio piloto mostró que la enfermedad coronaria tiende a manifestarse desde la etapa de adulto joven, persiste en su mayor afectación a los varones y parecen prevalecer los factores de riesgo coronario modificables. Los antitrombóticos, beta- bloqueadores y las estatinas más frecuentemente prescritos.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: To describe some factors of coronary risk present in patients who survive a first acute myocardial infartion and the pharmacological treatment prescribed for secondary prevention. Methods: Observational, cross sectional and descriptive pilot study, information was obtained from the charts of 50 patients seen at 3 national hospitals. Results: 42 males and 8 women, age 63 ± 15 years, weight 67 ± 12 kg, Body Mass Index = 26.1 ± 2.1 kg/m², 38% hypertensive, 22% diabetic (n = 8 smokers patients with diabetes+hypertension) and 34% smokers. Total cholesterol levels: 191 ± 45.7 mg/dL, cholesterol-LDL= 112 ± 33.8 mg/dL and cholesterol-HDL: 39.4 ± 8.26 mg/dL. The patients were prescribed: 92% antithrombotics drugs (predominated aspirin), 92% statins, 78 % beta- blockers (atenolol or carvedilol), 70% enalapril or losartan and 48% nitrates. Conclusions: this preliminary study indicateds that coronary disease appears in young adult, it’s most frequent in males and showeds modifiable factors of risks. Antithrombotics drugs, beta-blockers and statins are most frequently.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>prevención secundaria</kwd>
<kwd>colesterol</kwd>
<kwd>aspirina</kwd>
<kwd>atenolol</kwd>
<kwd>enalapril</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las enfermedades cardiovasculares, tan comunes entre los costarricenses, están relacionadas con la ingesta de altas cantidades de lípidos capaces de ejercer una acción perjudicial en las arterias del cuerpo humano. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la calidad de las grasas y aceites más consumidos por la población de nuestro país. Se recolectaron y codificaron 15 marcas diferentes de mantequillas o margarinas (A, B, D1 a D11), 7 tipos de mantecas (E1 a E7) y 14 marcas diferentes de aceites de girasol (EG1 a EG3), maíz (EM1 a EM3), oliva (EO1 a EO4), soya (ES1 a ES3) y de palma africana (EV) (Cuadro 1). Un 67% de los productos son elaborados por empresas nacionales y un 33% corresponden a productos importados y comercializados en nuestro país. Se determinó, mediante cromatografía de gases, la composición de los ácidos grasos, empleando resonancia magnética nuclear se calculó el número de dobles enlaces, hidrógenos alílicos y doblemente arílicos, también se analizaron los índices de yodo y saponificación, y la masa molar promedio en la fracción lipídica de muestras quintuplicadas de todos los productos. Utilizando estos parámetros, se encontró que 2 tipos de mantequillas y un tipo de aceite están probablemente adulterados con triacilgliceroles de origen diferente, ya que su composición no coincidió con la descripción en la etiqueta del producto. Considerando solamente el número de dobles enlaces, hidrógenos alílicos y doblemente arílicos presentes en los aceites, grasas y productos derivados, se determinó que los aceites de girasol, maíz y oliva son los más susceptibles a las reacciones de oxidación lipídica. A través de la determinación de la relación ácidos grasos poliinsaturados / ácidos grasos saturados y del índice de aterogenicidad se evaluó el potencial aterogénico de los distintos productos, se obtuvo como resultado que los más perjudiciales son 2 tipos de mantequillas y 5 tipos de mantecas.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular deseases are very common among Costa Rican people. They are related to diets high in lipids that cause arterial damage. The present study was under-taken to determine the quality of fats and oils consumed more frequently in our country. 15 different brands of butter and margarines (A, B, D1 a D11), 7 types of vegetable fat (E1 a E7) and 14 different brands of sun-flower oil (EG1 a EG3), corn oil (EM1 a EM3), olive oil (EO1 a EO4), soy oil (ES1 a ES3) and palm oil (EV) (Fig. 1) were collected and identified 67 percent of the products were made in Costa Rica, 33% were imported products. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, fatty acid composition, iodine and saponification number, average molecular weight, carbon-carbon double bond number, allylic and double allylic hydrogens were determined in the lipid fraction of the 36 different products. Two types of butter and one type of oil were found adulterated with triacylglycerols of different kind or source. Susceptibility of the products to lipid oxidation was determined only in terms of double bond number and allylic and double allylic hydrogens. Sunflower, corn and olive oils were the most susceptible products. Through polyunsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids relation and atherogenic index the atherogenic potencial of the products was evaluated. The findings were that 2 types of butter and 5 types of vegetable fat were the most injurious ones.</p></abstract>
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<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
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<fpage>43</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: El análisis de la mortalidad por cáncer en el adulto mayor continúa siendo una herramienta importante para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados. El presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar la mortalidad por cáncer en las personas adultas mayores del país durante el año 2002. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La fuente de información utilizada fue la base de datos del CCP-INEC, facilitada por los centros de documentación e información de estas mismas instituciones. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo y lugar de residencia de cada persona fallecida. Además, se registró la localización anatómica de los tumores con base en la clasificación internacional de enfermedades (CIE-10). Mediante el ajuste directo de tasas de analizó la mortalidad por provincia. Resultados: Durante el año 2002, se registraron 3 167 muertes por cáncer en el país. De estas, 1 960 (61,8%) ocurrieron en personas mayores de 65 años. El 58,2% (n = 1141) afectaron al sexo masculino. El cáncer de próstata presentó la tasa más alta de mortalidad. Al calcular las tasas de mortalidad ajustada para cada provincia, se observó que Cartago presentó la tasa más alta. Discusión: El 61, 8% del total de muertes por cáncer en el país ocurren en la población adulta mayor. Este resultado resulta importante si consideramos el costo que representa para los servicios de salud la atención de este tipo de pacientes. El riesgo de fallecer por cáncer es considerablemente superior después de los 65 años. Por tanto, la disminución de la mortalidad debe realizarse por medio de programas preventivos de menor costo y que se desarrollen en edades tempranas.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: Cancer mortality analysis in elderlys is still an important tool to identify associated risk factors. The goal of the present study is the analysis of mortality due to cancer in older adults during the year 2002 in Costa Rica. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The source of information was the database kept by the CPP-INEC. It was made available to us by the reference centers of the same institutions. The variables studied were: age, sex and place of residence of each deceased person. Besides, the anatomical location of the tumors was based on the International Classification of Diseases (I.C.D.-10). Through a direct adjustment of rates, we analyzed the mortality by region. Results: During the year 2002, 3,167 cancer deaths were registered in Costa Rica. Of these, 1,960 (61.8%) happened in people older than age 65. 58.2% (n= 1,141) were among males and 41.8% (n=819) among females. Prostate cancer showed the highest mortality rate. By calculating the province-adjusted mortality rates, the province of Cartago showed the highest rates. Discussion: 61.8% of all the deaths due to cancer in Costa Rica occurred in the elderly adult population. This result is important if we consider the cost which the attention of this type of patient represents for the health services. The risk of death due to cancer is considerably greater after 65 years of age. Therefore, the reduction of mortality must be achieved by means of preventive programs of lower cost and which must be developed at younger ages.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>Mortalidad</kwd>
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<contrib-group>
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<name>
<surname>Elizondo- Marín</surname>
<given-names>Alejandra</given-names>
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<name>
<surname>Vega- Vega</surname>
<given-names>Marlen</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Orlich- Carranza</surname>
<given-names>Claudio</given-names>
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<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La pancreatoduodenectomía fue introducida por Kaush en 1912 y popularizada por Whipple en 1935. Su uso se ha incrementado en los últimos años y ha probado ser una opción en algunos pacientes bien seleccionados con cáncer periampular y de la cabeza del páncreas. La preservación del antro y del píloro es el resultado del esfuerzo para reducir las complicaciones asociadas con el procedimiento tradicional, reconstruyendo el tracto gastrointestinal en una forma más fisiológica. Su uso en pacientes con cáncer de la cabeza del páncreas es controversial. El propósito de este estudio es revisar en forma retrospectiva la evolución de 5 pacientes con cáncer de páncreas y periampular, a los que se les hizo una pancreatoduodenectomía con preservación de píloro en nuestro servicio en el primer cuatrimestre de 2003.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Pancreatoduodenectomy was first introduced by Kaush in 1912 and popularized by Whipple in 1935. This procedure has gained increased utilization in recent years and it has proven to be an appropiate option in selected patients with periampullary and pancreatic cancer. The preservation of the antrum and the pylorus is the result of an effort to reduce complications associated with the standard procedure, restoring the alimentary tract in a more physiological way. Whether it should be used in patients with pancreatic cancer is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review 5 patients with pancreatic or periampullary cancer who underwent a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in our institution during the first 4 months of 2003.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Pancreatoduodenectomía</kwd>
<kwd>periampular</kwd>
<kwd>Whipple</kwd>
<kwd>píloro</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 36 años, con perforación uterina y del colon sigmoides con una Tcu colocada 14 años atrás, y que evolucionó en forma asintomática. El manejo requirió de histerectomía abdominal, con reparación de colon sigmoides y colostomía transversa temporal con evolución final satisfactoria. La perforación uterina por dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU), constituye una complicación poco frecuente, y puede acompañarse de perforación de otras vísceras en el 15%, de los casos principalmente del intestino.</p></abstract>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Íleo biliar</article-title>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El íleo biliar es una entidad clínica difícil de diagnosticar que se produce como resultado de una comunicación anormal entre la vía biliar y el tubo digestivo, con la consiguiente evacuación del cálculo e impactación del mismo distalmente hasta que se presenta como un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de 47 años de edad, sin antecedentes médicos ni quirúrgicos de importancia, que ingresó al servicio de emergencias quirúrgicas con un abdomen agudo, caracterizado por dolor en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho de cinco días de evolución, fiebre y vómitos. El ultrasonido de abdomen reveló una colecistitis aguda. La radiografía simple de abdomen mostró niveles hidroaéreos y una asa fija en el hipocondrio derecho. La laparotomía exploratoria reveló una fístula colecistogástrica asociada a obstrucción intestinal secundaria a un lito biliar enclavado en el íleon terminal. Se le practicó una colecistectomía, enterolitotomía, enterorrafia y reparación de la fístula en un solo tiempo quirúgico. Se realiza una revisión biliográfica de este tema de difícil diagnóstico, con el fin de exponer la controversia que aún existe sobre el manejo quirúrgico del íleo biliar y establecer los diversos criterios de resolución quirúrgica, tanto en uno como en 2 tiempos quirúrgicos.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Gallstone ileus is a clinical entity of difficult diagnosis; it is the result of an anomalous communication between the biliary tree and the gastrointestinal tract, with the eventual evacuation of the gallstone which becomes impacted in the distal tract where it causes intestinal obstruction. We report the case of a 47-year-old male, without relevant past medical history, who arrived to the emergency room with epigastric and right upper quadrant pain, fever and vomiting. The abdominal ultrasound showed acute cholecystitis. A conventional abdominal film showed air- filled small bowel loops and a fixed loop in the right upper quadrant. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a cholecystogastric fistula and intestinal obstruction secondary to an impacted gallstone in the mid - ileum. Cholecystectomy, enterolithotomy, enterorraphy, and fistula repair were performed in one stage. We reviewed the literature regarding gallstone ileus management to examine the controversy that still exists when dealing with surgical indications in this entity.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>Íleo biliar</kwd>
<kwd>obstrucción intestinal</kwd>
<kwd>fístula colecistogástrica</kwd>
<kwd>gallstone ileus</kwd>
<kwd>intestinal obstruction</kwd>
<kwd>cholecystogastric fistula</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<article-id>S0001-60022005000100011</article-id>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
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<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<month>01</month>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>59</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
</articles>
