<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<articles>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efectos de la migración Ngöbe Buglé en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Dr. Maximiliano Peralta de Cartago</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Calvo Fonseca</surname>
<given-names>María del Rosario</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital Dr. Maximiliano Peralta  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>Abelardo</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Programa de Migraciones Internacionales situación de los trabajadores migrantes en América Latina</article-title>
<source>Programa de Migraciones Internacionales situación de los trabajadores migrantes en América Latina</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez Matarrita</surname>
<given-names>Alexander</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sociedades hospitalarias Costa Rica y la acogida de inmigrantes</article-title>
<source>Sociedades hospitalarias Costa Rica y la acogida de inmigrantes</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Trabajo de Campo Plan de atención integral del inmigrante</article-title>
<source>Trabajo de Campo Plan de atención integral del inmigrante</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ministerio de Salud</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Panamá prioridades y estrategias para la reducción de la pobreza en Panamá</article-title>
<source>Panamá prioridades y estrategias para la reducción de la pobreza en Panamá</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ingeniería de la célula madre</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Porras</surname>
<given-names>Oscar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La ingeniería de la célula madre (CM) es una tecnología aplicable en la solución de problemas de salud del ser humano relacionados con la reconstrucción de tejidos y la restauración de la función celular normal en enfermedades metabólicas, hematológica, inmunológicas y degenerativas. La investigación en la biología de la CM ha permitido definirle una identidad y establecer un grupo de células de diferente origen que comparten las características de autorrenovación y plasticidad. Este grupo incluye células embrionarias, mesenquimatosas, hematopoyéticas, umbilicales y residentes en tejidos como las CM neuronales. La investigación sobre todo con células embrionarias y los procedimientos de clonación reproductiva y trasplante de núcleos han generado un debate ético, político y religioso, en el cual solamente podemos establecer nuestra opinión si conocemos los conceptos básicos de la biología e ingeniería de las células madre</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Stem cell engineering is a technology applicable to the solution of health problems of human beings, regarding particularly tissue reconstruction and the reestablishment of normal cell function in metabolic, hematological, immunological and degenerative disorders. Research of stem cell biology has led to the recognition of its own identity and to establish a group of cells of different origin that share characteristics of self renovation and plasticity. This group encompasses embryonal, mesenchymal, hematopoietical, umbilical and other cells that reside in tissues such as neuronal stem cells. Investigation of embryonal stem cells and the procedures of reproductive clonation and nuclear transplant have triggered an ethic debate, of political and religious aspects. We can only voice our opinion if we know the basic principIes of the biology and engineering of stem cells</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Célula madre</kwd>
<kwd>&quot;Stem cell&quot;</kwd>
<kwd>hematopoyesis</kwd>
<kwd>trasplante de células hematopoyéticas</kwd>
<kwd>sangre de cordón umbilical</kwd>
<kwd>clonación</kwd>
<kwd>transferencia de núcleos</kwd>
<kwd>clonación terapéutica</kwd>
<kwd>clonación reproductiva</kwd>
<kwd>plasticidad</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Prometheus's vulture and the stem-cell promise</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>349</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garrido Colino</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estado actual de la investigación con células madre</article-title>
<source>An Pediatr (Barc)</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sylvester</surname>
<given-names>KG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Longaker</surname>
<given-names>MT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cells: review and update</article-title>
<source>Arch Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>139</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blau</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brazelton</surname>
<given-names>TR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weimann</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The evolving concept of a stem cell: entity or function?</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>105</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>van der Kooy</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weiss</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Why stem cells?</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>287</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaufman</surname>
<given-names>MH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Establishment in culture of pluripotential stem from mouse embryos</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>292</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bradley</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaufman</surname>
<given-names>MH</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Formation of germ-like chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma celllines</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>309</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thomson</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Itskovitz-Eldor</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shapiro</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Waknitz</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Swiergiel</surname>
<given-names>JJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marshall</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>282</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilmut</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schnieke</surname>
<given-names>AE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McWhir</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kind</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>KH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>385</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hochedlinger</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jaenisch</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nuclear transplantation, embryonic stem cells, and the potential for cell therapy</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>349</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lisker</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ethical and legal issues in therapeutic cloning and the study of stem cells</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rideout</surname>
<given-names>WMIII</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hochedlinger</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kyba</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Daley</surname>
<given-names>GO</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Jaenisch. Correction of a genetic defect by nuclear transplantation and combined cell and gene therapy</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>109</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gurdon</surname>
<given-names>JB</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Byrne</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simonsson</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nuclear reprogramming and stem cell creation</article-title>
<source>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Selkirk</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gene therapy in clinical medicine</article-title>
<source>Postgrad Med J</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>80</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cavazzana-Calvo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hacein-Bey-Abina</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Saint</surname>
<given-names>BG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gross</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yvon</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nusbaum</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gene therapy of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-Xl disease</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>288</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hacein-Bey-Abina</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Le Deist</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carlier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bouneaud</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hue</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Villartay</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sustained correction of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency by ex vivo gene therapy</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>346</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aiuti</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Slavin</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aker</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ficara</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Deola</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mortellaro</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Correction of ADA-SCID by stem cell gene therapy combined with nonmyeloablative conditioning</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>296</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nathwani</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Davidoff</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linch</surname>
<given-names>DC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of gene therapy for haematological disorders</article-title>
<source>Br. J Haematol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>128</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hacein-Bey-Abina</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>von Kalle</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmidt</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McCormack</surname>
<given-names>MP</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wulffraat</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leboulch</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">LM02-associated clonal T cell proliferation in two patients after gene therapy for SCID-X1</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>302</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hacein-Bey-Abina</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>von Kalle</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmidt</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Le Deist</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wulffraat</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McIntyre</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A serious adverse event after successful gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>348</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McCormack</surname>
<given-names>MP</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rabbitts</surname>
<given-names>TH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Activation of the T-cell oncogene LM02 after gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>350</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Horwitz</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cell plasticity: the growing potential of cellular therapy</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krause</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Theise</surname>
<given-names>ND</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Collector</surname>
<given-names>MI</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henegariu</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hwang</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gardner</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>105</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wurmser</surname>
<given-names>AE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gage</surname>
<given-names>FR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cells: cell fusion causes confusion</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>416</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Terada</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hamazaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oka</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mastalerz</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nakano</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>416</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ying</surname>
<given-names>QIL</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nichols</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>EP</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>AG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Changing potency by spontaneous fusion</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>416</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Szilvassy</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of hematopoietic stem cells</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baron</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Storb</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Little</surname>
<given-names>MT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hematopoietic cell transplantation: five decades of progress</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mayani</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lansdorp</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biology of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells</article-title>
<source>Stem Cells</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wognum</surname>
<given-names>A W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eaves</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>TE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Identification and isolation of hematopoietic stem cells</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagier</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cord blood biology and transplantation</article-title>
<source>IMAJ</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mayani</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alvarado-Moreno</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flores-GuzmanP. Biology of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells present in circulation</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Summer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kotton</surname>
<given-names>DN</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liang</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fitzsimmons</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fine</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryonic lung side population cells are hematopoietic and vascular precursors</article-title>
<source>Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hwang</surname>
<given-names>WS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ryu</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>ES</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>EG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koo</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>303</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cowan</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Klimanskaya</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McMahon</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Atienza</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Witmyer</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zucker</surname>
<given-names>JP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>350</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Phimister</surname>
<given-names>EG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drazen</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Two fillips for human embryonic stem cells</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>350</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tuch</surname>
<given-names>BE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Armati</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tabiin</surname>
<given-names>MT</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>LP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Use of human fetal tissue for biomedical research in Australia, 1994-2002</article-title>
<source>Med J Aust</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>179</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Landry</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zucker</surname>
<given-names>HA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryonic death and the creation of human embryonic stem cells</article-title>
<source>J Clin Invest</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>114</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sandel</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryo ethics - The morallogic of stem-cell research</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>351</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McHugh</surname>
<given-names>PR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Zygote and &quot;clonote&quot; - The ethical use of embryonic stem cells</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>351</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kiessling</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eggs alone. Human parthenotes: an ethical source of stem cells for therapies?</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>434</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weimann</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Charlton</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brazelton</surname>
<given-names>TR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hackman</surname>
<given-names>RC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blau</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Contribution of transplanted bone marrow cells to Purkinje neurons in human adult brains</article-title>
<source>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quaini</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Urbanek</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beltrami</surname>
<given-names>AP</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Finato</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beltami</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nadal- Ginard</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chimerism of the transplanted heart</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>346</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gluckman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chastang</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eurocord-Cord Blood Transplant Group: Cord blood hamtopoietic stem cells biology and transplantation</article-title>
<source>Hematology</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sirchia</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rebulla</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Placental/umbilical cord blood transplantation</article-title>
<source>Haematologica</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and experimental uses of umbilical cord blood</article-title>
<source>Int Med J</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sanz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gluckman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eurocord and European blood and marrow transplant group. Umbilical cord blood transplantation</article-title>
<source>Curr Opin Hematol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gluckman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ex vivo expansion of cord blood cells</article-title>
<source>Exp Hematol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>HS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hung</surname>
<given-names>SC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peng</surname>
<given-names>ST</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wei</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mesenchymal stem cell in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord</article-title>
<source>Stem Cells</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arai</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Klingemann</surname>
<given-names>HG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: bone marrow vs. mobilized peripheral blood</article-title>
<source>Arch Med Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Daley</surname>
<given-names>GQ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goodell</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Snyder</surname>
<given-names>EY</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Realistic prospect for stem cell therapeutics</article-title>
<source>Hematology</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stocum</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cells in CNS and cardiac regeneration</article-title>
<source>Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gerritsen</surname>
<given-names>EJA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vossen</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fasth</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Friedrich</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morgan</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Porras</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bone marrow transplantation for autosomal recessive osteopetrosis: A report from the Working Party on Inbom Errors of the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Group</article-title>
<source>J Pediatr</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>125</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Porras</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trasplante de Médula Osea</article-title>
<source>Rev Méd Hosp Nal Niños Costa Rica</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26-28</volume>
<issue>NE</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weissman</surname>
<given-names>IL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic: barriers and opportunities</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>287</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chao</surname>
<given-names>NJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Emerson</surname>
<given-names>SG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weinberg</surname>
<given-names>KI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem cell transplantation (cord blood transplants)</article-title>
<source>Hematology</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benito</surname>
<given-names>Al</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diaz</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González- Vicent</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sevilla</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Madero</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using umbilical cord blood progenitors: review of current clinical results</article-title>
<source>Bone Marrow Transp</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barker</surname>
<given-names>JN</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wagner</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Umbilical-cord blood transplantation for the treatment of cancer</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burgio</surname>
<given-names>GR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gluckman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Locatelli</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ethical reappraisal of 15 years of cord-blood transplantation</article-title>
<source>Lancet</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>361</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Davey</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Armitage</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garnier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>CJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The London Cord Blood Bank: analysis of banking and transplantation outcome</article-title>
<source>Br J Haematol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>125</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gluckman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eurocord Netcord Organization: Ethical and legal aspects of placental/cord blood banking and transplant</article-title>
<source>Hematol J</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferrari</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cusella-De Angelis</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coletta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paolucci</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stornaiuolo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cossu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>279</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferrari</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mavilio</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Myogenic stem cells from the bone marrow: a therapeutic alternative for muscular distrophy?</article-title>
<source>Neuromuscul Disord</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>S1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brazelton</surname>
<given-names>TR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rossi</surname>
<given-names>FM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Keshet</surname>
<given-names>GI</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blau</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">From marrow to brain: expression of neuronal phenotypes in adult mice</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>290</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Petersen</surname>
<given-names>BE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bowen</surname>
<given-names>WC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Patrene</surname>
<given-names>KD</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mars</surname>
<given-names>WM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>AK</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Murase</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>284</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Theise</surname>
<given-names>ND</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Badve</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saxena</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henegariu</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sell</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crawford</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Derivation of hepatocytes from bone marrow cells in mice after irradiation-induced myeloablation</article-title>
<source>Hepatology</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lumelsky</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blondel</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Laeng</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Velasco</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ravin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McKay</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>292</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smits</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Vliet</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hassink</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goumans</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Doevendans</surname>
<given-names>PA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The role of stem cells in cardiac regeneration</article-title>
<source>J Cell Mol Med</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yoon</surname>
<given-names>YS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scadova</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Myocardial regeneration with bone-marrow-derived stem cells</article-title>
<source>Biol Cell</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kamp</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lewinter</surname>
<given-names>MM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryonic stem cells: differentiation into cardiomyocytes and potential for heart repair and regeneration</article-title>
<source>Coron Artery Dis</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jain</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pfister</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hajjar</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liao</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mesenchymal stem cells in the infarcted heart</article-title>
<source>Coron Artery Dis</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pandur</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">What does it take to make a heart?</article-title>
<source>Biol Cell</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wollert</surname>
<given-names>KC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drexler</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical applications of stem cells for the heart</article-title>
<source>Circ Res</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>96</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Menasche</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Skeletal myoblast for cell therapy</article-title>
<source>Coron Artery Dis</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kh Haider</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ashraf</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bone marrow stem cells in the infarcted heart</article-title>
<source>Coron Artery Dis</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La lógica del poder de observación popular en la medicina</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Huertas- Franco</surname>
<given-names>Verny E</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La medicina moderna es producto de años de cuidadosa observación e investigación. Podemos decir que la observación popular inteligente es la precursora de la investigación científica moderna. En este artículo se revisan las explicaciones encontradas a algunas de estas observaciones populares a lo largo de la práctica médica. A través del tiempo ciertas observaciones populares pueden ser explicadas científicamente y algunas tradiciones merecen ser observadas con detenimiento, ya que pueden ser de utilidad en la práctica diaria de la medicina. El médico constantemente se encuentra con creencias populares para el tratamiento de padecimientos comunes, y a veces, la lógica de ellas es en verdad asombrosa. A través de los años, con satisfacción se ha encontrado la explicación científica para algunas de estas prácticas, que abarcan desde métodos físicos muy simples; hasta observaciones para tratamientos con explicaciones mucho más complejas</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Modern medicine is the product of years of careful observation and investigation. We can safely say that intelligent popular observation is the precursor of modern scientific investigation. In this article I review some of the explanations I have found to certain popular observations throughout my medical career. Over the years some popular observations can be explained scientifically, some of these traditions deserve to be closely watched because they can be useful in the daily practice of Medicine</p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wasserstein</surname>
<given-names>AG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Changing pattems of medical practice: protein restriction for chronic renal failure</article-title>
<source>Ann Inter Med. July</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>119</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Remuzzi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruggenenti</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Perico</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic Renal Diseases: Renoprotective benefits of renin-angiotensiv system inhibition</article-title>
<source>Ann Inter Med</source>
<year>Apri</year>
<month>l </month>
<day>20</day>
<volume>136</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramakrishna</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Venkataraman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Srinivasan</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dash</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>GP</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Binder</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Amylaseresistant starch plus oral rehydration for cholera</article-title>
<source>N Eng J Med</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>342</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gore</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fontaine</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pierce</surname>
<given-names>NF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of rice based oral rehydration solution on stool output and duration of diarrhea: meta analysis of 13 clinical trials</article-title>
<source>Br Med J</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>304</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gore</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fontaine</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pierce</surname>
<given-names>NF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of rice based oral rehydration</article-title>
<source>Lancet</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>348</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Molla</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Greenough</surname>
<given-names>WB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">III. Rice based oral rehydration solution decreases the stool volume in acute diarrhea</article-title>
<source>Bull WHO</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>163</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rabbani</surname>
<given-names>GR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Editorial: The search for better oral rehydration solution for cholera</article-title>
<source>N Eng J Med</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>342</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estacionalidad de egresos por neumonía en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital &quot;Maximiliano Peralta&quot; y su asociación con la migración indígena Ngöbe Buglé</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barboza- Argüello</surname>
<given-names>María de la Paz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Trejos</surname>
<given-names>Ana Morice</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carranza- Maxera</surname>
<given-names>María</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Navas-Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>Lissette</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud INCIENSA  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>78</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende determinar la magnitud del incremento en los casos de neumonía a finales de 2002, y la posible asociación de éste con la migración estacional de indígenas Ngöbe Buglé, a la zona de Los Santos, durante la época de cosecha de café. Metodología: Se analizaron los egresos por neumonía (Clasificación internacional de las CIE10= J18) del Servicio de Pediatría, del Hospital Max Peralta (HMP) durante 1997-2003. Se revisaron los expedientes de los egresos del Servicio de Pediatría, por cuadros respiratorios (CIE10= J00-J99) referidos de la zona de Los Santos durante enero 2002-febrero 2003. Se estableció una definición de caso que identificara los pacientes indígenas con neumonía. Resultados: Durante el cuatrimestre octubre-enero de los años 1997 a 2002, el número de egresos por neumonía fue en promedio 1,7 veces mayor que el de los cuatrimestres febrero- mayo y junio-septiembre. En este cuatrimestre (octubre-enero), alrededor del 50% de los egresos correspondieron a pacientes referidos de los Santos. Durante enero 2002 y febrero 2003, los pacientes indígenas provenientes de la zona de Los Santos representaron el 40% (66/163) de todos los egresos por neumonía. La distribución de ellos se concentra (99%) en los meses cuando ocurre la cosecha de café (noviembre-febrero). Conclusión: Existe un comportamiento estacional de los egresos por neumonía en el Servicio de Pediatría del HMP, durante 1997-2002. La estacionalidad es dada por población indígena migrante durante la época de café</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>neumonía</kwd>
<kwd>indígenas</kwd>
<kwd>estacionalidad</kwd>
<kwd>cosecha de café</kwd>
<kwd>niños</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Badilla</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinoza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morice</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alfaro</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lao</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cerda</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Brote de diarrea durante el período de cosecha de café en Los Santos, Costa Rica, nov 2001-febrero 2002: Memoria III Congreso Internacional de epidemiología veterinaria</article-title>
<source>Brote de diarrea durante el período de cosecha de café en Los Santos, Costa Rica, nov 2001-febrero 2002: Memoria III Congreso Internacional de epidemiología veterinaria</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Censo de población y vivienda I características de la población</article-title>
<source>Censo de población y vivienda I características de la población</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Panamá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prioridades y estrategias para la reducción de la pobreza en Panamá</article-title>
<source>Prioridades y estrategias para la reducción de la pobreza en Panamá</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Washington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Banco Mundial</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Davis Villalba</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Promoción de la Medicina y Terapias Indígenas en la Atención Primaria de Salud: El caso de los Ngöbe-Buglé de Panamá. Sección de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas, Ministerio de Salud de Panamá. División de Desarrollo de Sistemas y Servicios de OPS, OMS</article-title>
<source>Promoción de la Medicina y Terapias Indígenas en la Atención Primaria de Salud: El caso de los Ngöbe-Buglé de Panamá. Sección de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas, Ministerio de Salud de Panamá. División de Desarrollo de Sistemas y Servicios de OPS, OMS</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estado Nutricional de la niñez panameña menor de 5 años de edad</article-title>
<source>Estado Nutricional de la niñez panameña menor de 5 años de edad</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>MEF</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tabulados Especiales: Encuesta de niveles de vida. Dirección de políticas sociales</article-title>
<source>Tabulados Especiales: Encuesta de niveles de vida. Dirección de políticas sociales</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Panamá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>MEF</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Trabajo de campo plan de atención integral al inmigrante</article-title>
<source>Trabajo de campo plan de atención integral al inmigrante</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Miniserio de Salud</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">IX Censo Nacional de población y vivienda del 2000: Resultados Generales</article-title>
<source>IX Censo Nacional de población y vivienda del 2000: Resultados Generales</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>lNEC</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Memoria Institucional</article-title>
<source>Memoria Institucional</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CCSS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud</article-title>
<source>Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Washington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>OPS OMS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Behrman</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kliegman</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arvin</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Nelson: Tratado de Pediatría</article-title>
<source>Nelson: Tratado de Pediatría</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>II</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Normas de atención para el manejo integral del niño (a) con desnutrición en los diferentes niveles de atención</article-title>
<source>Normas de atención para el manejo integral del niño (a) con desnutrición en los diferentes niveles de atención</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Acute respiratory infections in the Americas</article-title>
<source>Epidemiological</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tetelbon Stein</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Neumonía en el niño inmunocomprometido y en el desnutrido: Infecciones respiratorias en niños</article-title>
<source>Neumonía en el niño inmunocomprometido y en el desnutrido: Infecciones respiratorias en niños</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>OPS OMS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tupasi</surname>
<given-names>TE</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Belmonte</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Savictors</surname>
<given-names>MEG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determinants of morbidity and mortality due to acute respiratory infections: implications for intervention</article-title>
<source>J Infect Dis</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>157</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shann</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barker</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poor</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical signs that predict death in children with severe pneumonia</article-title>
<source>Ped Infect Dis J</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>^sS</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vigilancia epidemiológica para el infarto agudo al miocardio, experiencia obtenida en el Hospital Calderón Guardia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>leal-Mateos</surname>
<given-names>Manrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wong-Mclure</surname>
<given-names>Roy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peña</surname>
<given-names>Nicolás</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guevara</surname>
<given-names>Moraima</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Ministerio de Salud  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>84</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: Debido a que el infarto agudo al miocardio representa una de las principales causas de muerte en nuestro país, la autoridades de salud decidieron, en 2003, incluirlo como una enfermedad sujeta a vigilancia epidemiológica. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito dar a conocer la información más sobresaliente del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica para el IAM, implementado en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Calderón Guardia. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información recolectada desde el 1 de octubre de 2003, al 30 de septiembre de 2004. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron mediante frecuencias y proporciones. Las variables cuantitativas se expresaron por medio de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Las diferencias entre promedios y proporciones se compararon mediante la prueba de t Student. La significancia estadística fue fijada en p &lt; 0.05. Se utilizó el programa Epilnfo 2002 para el procesamiento de los datos. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 64,6 años (DE + 12,2 años). El 66,1 % (n=84) de los pacientes eran hombres. El porcentaje de paciente con dislipidemias fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres (p=0,007). El mismo resultado se obtuvo con la hipertensión arterial (p=0,007). Por el contrario, el porcentaje de pacientes que fumaban fue significativamente mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres (p &lt; 0,0001). El 71,7% (n=91) de los pacientes fueron clasificados como Killip-Kimball I. El 18,4% (n=23) presentaron complicaciones durante su estancia hospitalaria. La mortalidad en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Calderón Guardia fue del 6,3% (n=8). Conclusión: El sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica para el infarto agudo al miocardio propuesto en este trabajo, se presenta como una herramienta útil para orientar las estrategias necesarias que contribuyan a mejorar el conocimiento que se tiene del paciente que padece de un IAM</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale and Objective: Since acute myocardial infarction represents one of the main causes of death in our country, the health authorities decided in the year 2003 to include it as an illness subject to epidemiological surveillance. The present paper has as its purpose to give the most salient information of the epidemiological surveillance system for myocardial infarction implemented in the Internal Medicine service of the Calderón Guardia hospital. Methods: We did a descriptive analysis of the information collected since October First, 2003 and until September the 30th., 2004. Qualitative variables were analyzed with frequencies and proportions. The quantitative variables were expressed by means of measures of central tendency as well as measures of dispersion. The differences between averages and proportions were compared with the Student's t test. Statistical significance was fixed at less or equal to 0.05. We used the Epi Info program for data processing. Results: The age average was 64.6 years (S.D. + 12.2 years). 66.1% (n=84) of the patients were men. The percentage of patients with dyslipidemia was significantIy greater en women than in men (p=0.007). The same finding was seen with arterial hypertension (p=0.007). On the contrary, the percentage of smokers was significantly greater in men than in women (p&lt;0,0001). 71.7% (n=91) of the patients were classified as Killip-Kimball grade I. 18.4% (n=23) had complications during their hospital stay. Mortality in the Internal Medicine service of Calderón Guardia hospital was 6.3% (n=8). Conclusion: The surveillance system for acute myocardial infarction proposed in this paper is presented as an essential tool to guide the strategies needed to contribute in the improvement of the knowledge we have at present about the patient with this important illness</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>infarto agudo al miocardio</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiología</kwd>
<kwd>vigilancia epidemiológica</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Informe sobre la salud del mundo 2003: Forjemos el futuro. Ginebra</article-title>
<source>Informe sobre la salud del mundo 2003: Forjemos el futuro. Ginebra</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Organización Mundial de la Salud</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estado de la Nación en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible: Octavo Informe</article-title>
<source>Estado de la Nación en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible: Octavo Informe</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Proyecto Estado de la Nación</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis sectorial de salud</article-title>
<source>Análisis sectorial de salud</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ministerio de Salud</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roselló</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mortalidad por infarto agudo de miocardio: distribución geográfica y lugar de ocurrencia. Costa Rica, 1970 - 2002</article-title>
<source>Rev . Costarric Cardiol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Reglamento de organización y funcionamiento del sistema nacional de vigilancia de la salud: Decreto Ejecutivo No 30945-S</article-title>
<source>Diario La Gaceta</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>18</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bedoya</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Loaiza</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valencia</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vergel</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castaño</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio descriptivo sobre infarto agudo al miocardio en el Hospital de Cladas, 1996-2002</article-title>
<source>Colomb Med</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2004</volume><volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lupi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El Registro nacional de los síndromes isquémicos coronarios agudos RENASICA</article-title>
<source>Arch Cardiol Mex</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Corbalán</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nazzal</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eggers</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bartolucci</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prieto</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alcaíno</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Resultados del primer registro chileno de angina inestable: características clínicas, perfil de riesgo y tratamiento</article-title>
<source>Rev Méd Chile</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>132</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Registro Nacional de Infarto Agudo al Miocardio de la Federación Argentina de Cardiología</article-title>
<source>Rev Fed Arg Cardiol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Manzo</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Epidemiología del infarto agudo al miocardio en la unidad de terapia intensiva</article-title>
<source>Rev Asoc Mex Méd Crit y Ter Int</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verbal</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miranda</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bórquez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Bethencourt A et al. Diferencias en el tratamiento y la evolución clínica de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST en función del servicio clínico de ingreso</article-title>
<source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferrer</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortiz</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heras</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Perfil clínico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto agudo al miocardio no ingresados en una unidad coronaria: utilidad de una unidad de cuidados intermedios como lugar de ingreso inicial</article-title>
<source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marrugat</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribalta</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sanz</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Supervivencia a 10 años de una cohorte de 736 pacientes con un primer infarto de miocardio: ¿Diferencias entre sexos?</article-title>
<source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cabadés</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lòpez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aros</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Loma</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bosch</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pabón</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Variabilidad en el manejo y pronóstico a corto y medio plazo del infarto de miocardio en España: El estudio PRIAMHO</article-title>
<source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>DeGeare</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boura</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grines</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O'Neill</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grines</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predictive value of the Killip classification in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventionfor acute myocardial infarction</article-title>
<source>Am J Cardiol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>87</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rohlfs</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Elousa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Masiá</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marrugat</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tendencias en la proporción de pacientes menores de 75 años con infarto agudo de miocardio que presentan Killip II-IV: Variables asociadas con su aparición y con el pronóstico: 1978-1997</article-title>
<source>Rev Esp Cardiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Accidentes ocupacionales y conocimiento sobre precauciones universales en internos universitarios costarricenses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivera-Valdivia</surname>
<given-names>Álvaro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>León-Bratti</surname>
<given-names>María-Paz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>Alexis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Hispanoamericana  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS Hospital México </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivo: los internos universitarios (estudiantes de medicina en su último año) son vulnerables a accidentes ocupacionales con agujas y otros objetos cortantes, especialmente debido a su inexperiencia y falta de entrenamiento aunados a su deseo de realizar una serie de nuevas actividades y procedimientos. No existe información en nuestro país con respecto a la frecuencia de este tipo de accidentes en internos universitarios de la carrera de medicina. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar la frecuencia y tipo de accidentes ocupacionales sufridos con mayor frecuencia por internos de medicina y evaluar su conocimiento sobre precauciones universales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a través de una encuesta directa y anónima. De todos los internos de medicina que trabajaban en el Valle Central de octubre de 2001 a enero de 2002 se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 201 internos (poder 95%, error 5%). A la población seleccionada se le aplicó una encuesta precodificada, la cual consistía en 20 preguntas estructuradas, la mayoría cerradas y tres abiertas relacionadas con la ocurrencia de accidentes ocupacionales en los médicos internos, número, tipo, acciones tomadas tras el accidente y conocimientos sobre precauciones universales. Posteriormente se hizo un análisis descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: de todos los participantes, 90% habían trabajado más de 3 meses como médicos internos. Más de la mitad habían realizado al menos 3 meses de rotación en una área médica y 3 meses en una área quirúrgica. La muestra incluyó estudiantes de 5 universidades diferentes. Sólo un 37% de los internos encuestados habían recibido la vacunación contra virus de la hepatitis B. Del total de internos, 64% admitió haber sufrido al menos un accidente ocupacional con sangre de algún paciente, un 20% admitió haber sufrido 3 o 4 accidentes. De los internos que admitieron haber sufrido accidentes ocupacionales con agujas, el 78% refirió no haber hecho nada luego del accidente, la mayoría dijeron desconocer que tenían que hacer. Del total de la muestra, un 93% de los internos conocían poco o nada sobre las precauciones universales y sólo 6% pudieron mencionar 3 medidas correctas relacionadas con éstas. Conclusión: una proporción alta de internos universitarios en medicina en Costa Rica sufre accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo durante su primer año de práctica médica. La mayoría de estos jóvenes médicos no toman medidas adecuadas para prevenir enfermedades de transmisión parenteral luego de los accidentes, especialmente por su falta de preparación y porque su conocimiento de precauciones universales es pobre</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Background and aim: medical students are vulnerable to occupational accidents with needles and other cutting devices, because of their inexperience and lack of training despite their desire to do a lot. There is no information in our country regarding the frequency of such accidents in medical interns. The aim of the present study was to study the frequency and type of occupational accidents suffered by medical interns and their knowledge about the universal precautions. Methods: cross sectional study. Of all the medical interns working in the central part of the country during October 2001 and January 2002 a randomized sample of 201 was selected (power 95%, error 5%). To this population as guided survey was applied. The survey consisted in 20 structured questions, most closed and three opened, enquiring about number of occupational accidents, types, what was done at the moment, and knowledge of the universal precautions. Results: Of all the participants 90% had been working at lease 3 months as medical interns (last year of the medical career). Over half had done both a 3 months medical rotation and a 3 months surgical rotation. The sample included students from the 5 Universities with the career of medicine. Only 37% of the interns surveyed had received anti-HBV vaccination. Sixty four percent of them admitted they had suffered at least one occupational accident with patient's blood; 20% of these admitted had suffered between 3 and 4 accidents. Of the interns that admitted had suffered occupational accidents with needles, 78% did nothing after the accident, most of them because they didn't know what should be done. Of the total sample, 93% of the interns knew little or nothing about the universal precautions; only 6% could mention three correct measures for universal precaution. Conclusion: a very high proportion of medical interns in Costa Rica suffers risky occupational accidents early in their medical practice. Most of these young doctors do nothing to prevent themselves from occupational transmitted diseases, mainly due to lack of knowledge. Their knowledge regarding universal precautions is very poor</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>accidentes ocupacionales</kwd>
<kwd>VIH</kwd>
<kwd>hepatitis B</kwd>
<kwd>hepatitis C</kwd>
<kwd>precauciones universales</kwd>
<kwd>trabajadores de la salud</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Koening</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chu</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Medical students exposure to blood and infectious body fluids</article-title>
<source>Am J Infect Con</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gamester Claire</surname>
<given-names>F Gamester</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>J Tilzey</surname>
<given-names>Anthea</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>E Banatvala</surname>
<given-names>Jangu</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Medical students risk of infection with bloodborne viruses at home and abroad: questionarie survey</article-title>
<source>Br Med J</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>318</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kaile</surname>
<given-names>J .D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los riesgos del trabajo</article-title>
<source>Los riesgos del trabajo</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editioral Trillas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gestal</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riesgos del trabajo del personal sanitario</article-title>
<source>Riesgos del trabajo del personal sanitario</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Mc Graw Hill-Interamericana S A</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fauci</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lane</surname>
<given-names>HC</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Braunwald</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fauci</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kasper</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hauser</surname>
<given-names>SL</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Longo</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jameson</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease: AIDS and related disorders. En Harrinson's Principies of Internal Medicin</article-title>
<source>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease: AIDS and related disorders. En Harrinson's Principies of Internal Medicin</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>15</edition>
<publisher-loc>New York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Mc Graw-Hill Co</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cardo</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Culver</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ciesielski</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Srivastaba</surname>
<given-names>PU</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marcus R,Abieteboul</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A case control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers alter percutaneous exposure</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>337</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carey</surname>
<given-names>CF</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>HH</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Woeltje</surname>
<given-names>KF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wasshinton Manual of Medical Therapeutics: Departament of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine</article-title>
<source>Wasshinton Manual of Medical Therapeutics: Departament of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>30</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gerberding</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>FR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scheter</surname>
<given-names>WP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Are universal precautions realistic</article-title>
<source>Surg Clin North Am</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Seminario sobre precauciones universales y riesgos del trabajadores en salud</article-title>
<source>Seminario sobre precauciones universales y riesgos del trabajadores en salud</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Jose </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editioral Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis</article-title>
<source>MMWR</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<issue>RR-11</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>David</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bell</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Human inmunodeficiency virus postexposure management</article-title>
<source>Am J Med</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>102</volume>
<issue>5B</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vólvulo gástrico intratorácico secundario a hernia diafragmática izquierda crónica postraumática</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ospino- Saumett</surname>
<given-names>Giovanni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez- Barbosa</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valverde- Robert</surname>
<given-names>Raúl</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital Dr. R. A Calderón Guardia  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>94</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En el 5% de los pacientes con trauma toracoabdominal severo ocurre la ruptura diafragmática, y en el 45 a 60% de estos se presenta la hernia de las vísceras abdominales al tórax. El órgano más frecuentemente herniado es el estómago². El vólvulo gástrico intratorácico total es poco común en la hernia diafragmática traumática; allí sufre una torsión órganoaxial que lo predispone a estrangulación y necrosis. Puede presentarse como una emergencia quirúrgica, aunque los crónicos, manifiestan síntomas inespecíficos que podrían ser tratados electivamente 5. Las hernias diafragmáticas traumáticas siempre son un desafío diagnóstico para el cirujano. En general son causadas por trauma abdominal cerrado y con menos frecuencia, por trauma torácico cerrado. La ruptura se localiza, en el 90% de los casos, en el lado izquierdo; probablemente debido al efecto amortiguador del hígado en el lado derecho. La ruptura diafragmática en el trauma agudo no es diagnosticada en el 40% de los casos; pues su curso asintomático produce síntomas menores inespecíficos que aparecen horas o días después del trauma. Si esta ruptura no es reconocida, entonces ocurre un periodo de latencia que puede oscilar entre horas y muchos años, hasta que ocurre un prolapso significativo de un órgano abdominal hacia la cavidad torácica, causando ese desplazamiento una variedad de síntomas. Después del diagnóstico de hernia diafragmática traumática, hay indicación urgente y absoluta de terapia quirúrgica1,6. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 24 años de edad, con antecedente de trauma toracoabdominal, con vólvulo gástrico intratorácico, y que fue manejado exitosamente</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Diaphragmatic rupture occurs in 5% of severe thoracoabdominal trauma and the herniation of abdominal visceral to the thorax happens in 45 to 60% of the cases. The stomach is the organ more frequently herniated². Complete intrathoracic gastric volvulus is uncommon in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, in which the stomach undergoes organoaxial torsion predisposing to strangulation and necrosis. It may appear as a surgical emergency, though chronic patients with non specifics symptoms can be treated electively5. Traumatic diaphragmatic herniae are a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon. They are usually caused by blunt abdominal trauma, and less often by blunt thoracic trauma. They are located on the left side in 90% of all cases, probably secondary to the &quot;buffer&quot; effect of the liver on the right side. A rupture of the diaphragm is not diagnosed during the acute posttraumatic period in up to 40% of the cases, because it can remain asymptomatic or it may give nonspecific symptoms, that can appear hours or days after trauma. If the rupture stays unrecognized, a latency period ranging from hours to many years occurs until a significant thoracic prolapse of abdominal organs develops, causing a variety of symptoms. Once diagnosed a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is an absolute and urgent indications for surgical therapy1,6. We present the case of a 24 year old male with the history of toracoabdominal trauma, who had an intrathoracic gastric volvulus. He was handle surgically and did fine</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>hernia diafragmática crónica traumática</kwd>
<kwd>vólvulo gástrico</kwd>
<kwd>diagnóstico</kwd>
<kwd>tratamiento quirúrgico</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Asensio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Demetriades</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lesiones de diafragma en trauma</article-title>
<source>Lesiones de diafragma en trauma</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>4a</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>MacGraw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hüttl</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lang</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term results after laparoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernias</article-title>
<source>J Trauma</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Katkhouda</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mavor</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Achanta</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Friedlander</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grant</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Essani</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Laparoscopic repair of chronic intrathoracic gastric volvulus</article-title>
<source>Surgery</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>128</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krähenbühl</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schäfer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Farhadi</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Renzulli</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seiler</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Büchler</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernia UIT totally intrathoracic stomach</article-title>
<source>J Am Coll Surg</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>187</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ratliff</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ayes</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hernia diafragmática traumática crónica y sus complicaciones: Presentación de 6 casos</article-title>
<source>Rey. Univ Nac Aut Hon</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>0rtiz</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vega</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrangulación gástrica secundaria a hernia diafragmática traumática: Presentación de un caso</article-title>
<source>Rey. Méd Hosp Gen Méx</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Válvula de Eustaquio que simula un mixoma atrial</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lanzas-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Róger</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salas-Segura</surname>
<given-names>Donato A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital Tony Facio Castro  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Hospital Tony Facio Castro Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se presenta un caso de válvula de Eustaquio que simula ecocardiográficamente un mixoma atrial derecho, en un paciente con sospecha clínica de tromboembolismo pulmonar. La válvula de Eustaquio es un remanente embrionario de la porción derecha del seno venoso, cuya función consiste en permitir el paso de sangre oxigenada desde la vena cava inferior, a la circulación sistémica. Su presencia constituye parte del diagnóstico diferencial de otras masas intracavitarias cardíacas, como los mixomas, trombos, metástasis tumorales, o tumores primarios del corazón</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A case of Eustachian valve mimickingan atrial myxoma is presented in a man suspected of suffering pulmonary embolism. Eustachian valve is a remnant of the embryonic right half of the sinus venosus. Embryologically, the Eustachian valve directs oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava into the systemic circulation. Differential diagnosis with other intracardiacmasses is necessary and includes myxoma, thrombus, and tumors</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Válvula Eustaquio</kwd>
<kwd>mixoma</kwd>
<kwd>ecocardiografía</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reymen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cardiac myxomas</article-title>
<source>N Eng J Med</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>333</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salas-Segura</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">La historia del uso del efecto Doppler en medicina</article-title>
<source>Acta Académica (VACA)</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>SchuchIenz</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saurer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weihs</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rehak</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Persisting Eustachian Valve in AduIts: Relation to Patent Foramen Ovale and Cerebrovascular Events</article-title>
<source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roldán</surname>
<given-names>FJ</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vargas-Barrón</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinola- Zavaleta</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Romero- Cárdenas</surname>
<given-names>Á</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vázquez- Antona</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bargueño</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Three- Dimensional Echocardiography of the Right Atrial Embryonic Remnants</article-title>
<source>Am J Cardiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bowers</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krimsky</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gradon</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The pitfalls of transthoracic echocardiography: A case of eustachian valve endocarditis</article-title>
<source>Tex Heart Ins J</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nkomo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eustachian valve cyst</article-title>
<source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gaos</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dear</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stamatious</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilansky</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Unusual atrial thrombi discovered by transesophageal echocardiography</article-title>
<source>Circulation</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carson</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chiu</surname>
<given-names>S-S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eustachian valve mimicking intracardiac mass</article-title>
<source>Circulation</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yavuz</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nazli</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kinay</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kutsal</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Giant Eustachian valve: with echocardiographic appearance of divided right atrium</article-title>
<source>Tex Heart Inst J</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220050002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022005000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Costa Rica en el Exterior</article-title>
</title-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>04</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
</articles>
