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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022006000400001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vacunas</article-title>
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<aff id="A">
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
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</article>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022006000400002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cirugía Bariátrica: editorial</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gei Guardia</surname>
<given-names>Orlando</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Endocrinología  </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>158</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022006000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Infección por VIH y el 2006, un doble aniversario</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>León Bratti</surname>
<given-names>María Paz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>159</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022006000400004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Información del CENDEISSS disponible en Internet</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salom Echeverría</surname>
<given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CENDEISSS  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-60022006000400005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cirugía bariátrica: Tratamiento de elección para la obesidad mórbida</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez- Saborío</surname>
<given-names>Luis Diego</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega- Vega</surname>
<given-names>Marlen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>162</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La obesidad es una patología que ha crecido hasta convertirse en un problema de salud pública, debido a que se asocia con una serie de enfermedades como hipertensión, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, dislipidemia y trastornos respiratorios. Se ha observado que la reducción de peso ayuda en el manejo y el control de estas patologías. Aunque la terapia conservadora con dieta, ejercicios y algunos fármacos es ampliamente utilizada, la evidencia señala que en pacientes con obesidad mórbida estos métodos rara vez obtienen resultados satisfactorios en un porcentaje aceptable de pacientes. La cirugía bariátrica es el único tratamiento que ha producido resultados halagadores en el manejo de la obesidad mórbida, y esto no solo en cuanto a reducción de peso se refiere, sino que también se obtienen beneficios en el manejo de las distintas comorbilidades. En cirugía bariátrica se ha desarrollado una serie de técnicas que se podrían clasificar de 3 maneras, dependiendo del mecanismo que utilizando para inducir la pérdida de peso: malabsortivos (derivación biliopancreática), restrictivos (gastroplastía vertical y banda gástrica) y mixtos (&quot;bypass&quot; gástrico). Aunque los 3 tipos de procedimientos mencionados logran resultados aceptables, el &quot;bypass&quot; gástrico se ha convertido en el &quot;gold standard&quot; del tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad, debido a que ofrece una adecuada reducción de peso, sin aumentar la mortalidad ni los efectos adversos; además, reduce de manera importante la prevalencia de patologías como la hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo 2. En conclusión, la cirugía bariátrica es el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con IMC &gt; 40 Kg / m² o con IMC entre 35 y 40, si se asocia a alguna comorbilidad.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity has become a very important health problem nowadays, given its high prevalence and its associated pathological conditions such as: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and joint disease. It is well known weight reduction produces an important improvement in all of these conditions. Although conservative therapy with diet and exercise is a fundamental part of the management of obesity, it has been observed that this treatment is unsatisfactory in morbidly obese patients (Body Mass Index &gt; 35 Kg/m²). Actually, bariatric surgery is the only intervention that has been effective in producing weight loss and also an improvement on obesity co-morbidities. There are several kinds of procedures in bariatric surgery that can be classified according to the mechanism that they induce weight loss: malabsortive, restrictive or both. Even when all the procedures have yielded good results, the gold standard is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, because it combines both, restrictive and malabsortive components; in that way the gastric bypass induces effective weight loss and decreases the rate of diseases like type 2 diabetes and hypertension, without increasing the rate of complications.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Bariátrica</kwd>
<kwd>obesidad</kwd>
<kwd>&quot;bypass&quot; gástrico</kwd>
<kwd>laparoscopía</kwd>
<kwd>Bariatric surgery, obesity, gastric bypass, laparoscopy</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
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<institution>,Ex director del CIHATA-UCR  </institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En tanto que para las hemoglobinas Hbs anormales es posible determinar los lugares de su origen (marcadores antropológicos), en las enfermedades talasémicas se tiene el problema de su amplia distribución en las principales poblaciones ancestrales. Las talasemias resultan ser las enfermedades monogénicas más comunes en el mundo. La amplia dispersión de la B talasemia en todo el Mediterráneo, el Medio Este de Asia, el sudeste Asiático, el subcontinente Indio y otras regiones, indica que sus orígenes genéticos fueron independientes. De igual manera acontece con las alfa talasemias (sudeste asiático, el sur de China, las Filipinas, África y el Mediterráneo). En Costa Rica la alfa talasemia se encuentra en raza negra, con los dos alelos (23% para el a+:(a1) y 3.9 para el aº (a2); y han sido esporádicos los casos doble heterocigotos que originan la enfermedad por Hb H (a+/aº), siempre en individuos de extracción oriental. Especial mención se hace de la B talasemia menor y de su importante diferenciación con la anemia ferropriva. Al presente se han descrito unos 8 casos de B talasemia mayor en el país, y no son infrecuentes las formas clínicas intermedias de esta talasemia con o sin Hb S. Un breve comentario hace ver algunos aspectos novedosos de la fisiopatología de la B talasemia y su tratamiento en los países en desarrollo.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>While for abnormal hemoglobins it is possible to use anthropological markers to establish their origins, the thalassemias have a very wide distribution in ancestral populations. Thalassemias are the world's most common monogenic disorders. The dispersion of B thalassemia in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the southeastern part of Asia, the Indian subcontinent and other regions, indicate that their genetic origins were independent. a thalassemia shows a similar pattern (southeastern part of Asia, southern China, Philippines, Africa and the Mediterranean). In Costa Rica thalassemia is found in the black population with two alleles (a+ (a1) 23% and aº (a2) 3.9%). Sporadic double heterozygous cases of Hb H disease (a+/aº), are from oriental population. Special reference is made of minor B thalassemia and their important differentiation with iron deficiency anemia. Eight major B thalassemia cases have been described in our country. Intermediate thalassemia cases with or without Hb S are not infrequent. A short commentary is made of the pathophysiology of B thalassemia and the treatment in developed countries.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Hbs, Hemoglobinas A, A2 y F</kwd>
<kwd>Hemopoyesis</kwd>
<kwd>genes de globina a y B</kwd>
<kwd>mutaciones puntuales</kwd>
<kwd>delecciones</kwd>
<kwd>deficiencias génicas</kwd>
<kwd>microcitosis hipocrómica</kwd>
<kwd>ferropenia</kwd>
<kwd>beta talasemia menor, mayor e intermedia</kwd>
<kwd>enfermedad heterocigota al talasemia y Hb H</kwd>
<kwd>ferritina</kwd>
<kwd>hemicromos</kwd>
<kwd>fosfatidilserina</kwd>
<kwd>apoptosis</kwd>
<kwd>malaria</kwd>
<kwd>Hemapolesis</kwd>
<kwd>genes of globulin a and B</kwd>
<kwd>hemoglobin A, thalassemia</kwd>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Efecto de la terapia antirretroviral en la rehospitalización por enfermedad oportunista en Costa Rica</article-title>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
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<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Caracterizar los egresos hospitalarios por VIH/Sida en el Hospital México, y evaluar la repercusión que la terapia antirretroviral (TARV) ha tenido en la probabilidad de reingreso por enfermedades oportunistas. Metodología: Se recopilaron los datos de todos los pacientes egresados del Hospital México con diagnóstico de VIH/Sida, entre enero de 1995 y abril de 2003. El análisis descriptivo de la información se realizó utilizando el software SPSS, versión 12.0, con el cálculo de las medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas y de las frecuencias para las variables cualitativas. Se calculó el análisis de sobrevida por medio del software Minitab, versión 12.2, con la definición de un nivel de significancia estadística menor o igual a 0.05. Como criterio de inclusión se seleccionaron todos los pacientes que egresados vivos de su primer internamiento con el diagnóstico de VIH/Sida y se dividieron en dos grupos según el año de su ingreso y su exposición a TARV. El primer grupo corresponde al período de enero de 1995 a diciembre de 1997, sin exposición a TARV, ya que los individuos del primer período que iniciaron TARV fueron excluidos del análisis. El segundo período involucra los egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de VIH/Sida entre 1998 y abril de 2003. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 1081 egresos de 623 pacientes, un 85.7% de hombres, con una edad media de 36.8 años; y un 69.8% de elos, solteros. El promedio de hospitalizaciones por año fue de 71 pacientes. La mortalidad general observada fue del 30%, pero se observó una tendencia a disminuir. Solo un 42.5% de los egresos correspondían a asegurados directos. El análisis de sobrevida Kaplan Meier reveló que la media para desarrollar una segunda enfermedad oportunista fue de 466.2 días (IC95% 382.8-549.7) para el grupo sin TARV, y de 1050.5 días (IC95% 952.1-1148.9) para el grupo con TARV, con diferencias significativas entre ambos períodos (Log Rank, p&lt;0.05). Este resultado no fue influenciado ni por el nivel de CD4, basal ni por la carga viral basal. Conclusión: El número de egresos hospitalarios por VIH/Sida sigue aumentando. Se trata de una población joven, en su mayoría hombres solteros. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria es alta, aunque ha tendido a disminuir. El análisis de sobrevida comprueba la eficacia de la terapia antirretroviral para disminuir la ocurrencia de nuevas infecciones oportunistas y reinternamientos.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To characterize the hospitable debits by VIH/AIDS in the Hospital Mexico, and to evaluate the repercussion that the antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) has had in the probability of re-hospitallization by opportunistic diseases in these individuals. Methodology: the data of all the withdrawn patients of the Hospital Mexico were compiled with HIV/AIDS diagnosis between January of 1995 and April of the 2003. The descriptive analysis of the information was made using software SPSS version 12.0 with the calculation of the measures of central tendency and dispersion for the quantitative variables and calculation of the frequencies for the qualitative variables. The calculation of the survival analysis was made by the software Minitab vesión 12,2 with the definition of a statistical significance level of smaller or equal to 0.05. As inclusion criterion all the patients selected themselves who withdrew alive of their first hospitalization with the HIV/AIDS diagnosis and divided in two groups according to the year of their entrance and its exhibition to ARVT .The first group corresponds to the period of January of 1995 to December de1997 and not exposed to ARVT, the individuals of the first period that initiated ARVT were excluded from the analysis. The second period of 1998 to April of 2003 involves the hospitable debits with HIV/ AIDS diagnosis. Results: The data of 1081 debits corresponding to 623 patients, 85,7% men were analyzed, with an average age of 36,8 years, 69,8% were unmarried. The average of hospitalizations per year was of 70,9 patients. Observed general mortality was of 30%, but it was observed in same a tendency to diminish. Only 42,5% of all the debits corresponded to direct insured. The Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that the average to develop a second opportunistic disease was of 466,2 days (IC95% 382.8-549.7) for the group without ARVT and of 1050,5 days (IC95% 952.1-1148.9) for the group under the therapy with significant differences between both periods (Log Rank, p&lt;0.05). This result was influenced neither by the basal level of CD4 nor by the basal viral load. Conclusion: The number of hospitable debits by VIH/AIDS continues increasing. One is a young population, in his majority men, unmarried. Intrahospitable mortality is high, although it has tended to diminish. The survival analysis verifies the effectiveness in our means of the antiretroviral therapy to diminish the occurrence of new opportunistic infections and new hospitalizations.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Terapia antirretroviral</kwd>
<kwd>VIH/Sida</kwd>
<kwd>enfermedades oportunistas</kwd>
<kwd>Antiretroviral therapy</kwd>
<kwd>HIV</kwd>
<kwd>AIDS</kwd>
<kwd>oportunistic infections</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Justificación y objetivos: El dengue es una enfermedad endémica, lo que implica que todos los años se presentan brotes en el país que justifican establecer una organización especial de los servicios de salud para garantizar una atención oportuna a la población. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 1153 casos internados en el Hospital &quot;Dr. Enrique Baltodano&quot; de la ciudad de Liberia, durante 2003. Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo de sexo, edad, estancia hospitalaria y diagnóstico de egreso. Se describió la organización de la atención y el manejo médico de los pacientes en una epidemia de dengue. En ese año el laboratorio de referencia de dengue de Instituto Costarricense de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA) detectó la circulación del virus dengue serotipo 2. No se reportaron defunciones en el país por dengue hemorrágico. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1153 pacientes hospitalizados por dengue, 549 (47.6%) del sexo masculino y 604 (52.4%) del sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 33 años, con un rango de 2 a 94, de los cuales 52 (5%) cumplieron criterios para dengue hemorrágico; del resto, 949 (82%) tenían conteo de plaquetas menores de 100.000/mm³, y 152 (13%) presentaron manifestaciones hemorrágicas; no se detectó en estos dos grupos datos de extravasación de plasma por ultrasonido. No se presentaron complicaciones ni fallecidos durante la hospitalización. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 2.26 días (IC95%=2.32 - 2.19). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la necesidad de contar con una estrategia para organizar la atención en epidemias de dengue. Esto garantiza una tasa de letalidad del 0% y estancias hospitalarias bajas. Lo anterior se logra mediante la identificación temprana de criterios de ingreso, utilizando datos clínicos y de laboratorio. Esta metodología disminuye los costos económicos y está al alcance de todos los servicios de salud.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: Dengue is an endemic disease that causes outbreaks in the country every year. This validates the requirement of a special organization of Health Service that would guarantee immediate attention to the population. Methods: A transversal descriptive study was done in 1153 inpatients at Dr. Enrique Baltodano Hospital throughout 2003. The descriptive phase was done by sex, age, admission stay, and discharge diagnosis. The patient assessment and management in a dengue epidemic is described. The reference laboratory for dengue was INCIENSA laboratory, which detected serotype 2 dengue circulation. No deceased were reported in the country due to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Results: The study population was 1153 dengue patients, 549 (47.6%) males and 604 (52.4%) females. The mean age was 33 years with a range from 2 to 94 years, from which 52 (5%) satisfied the criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever, 949 (82%) had platelet count less than 100.000/mm³, 152 (13 %) presenting hemorrhagic manifestations. There were no complications throughout the hospital stay. The mean admission stay was 2.26 days (IC95%=2.32-2.19). Conclusions: These results show the need of a strategy for the management of patients during dengue epidemics. This guarantees a death rate of 0% and a shorter admission stay. These results were achieved by means of early identification of the admission criterion and using the clinical and laboratory signs for dengue diagnosis. The economic impact and abolition of lethality can be reached by every Health Service.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Dengue clásico con trombocitopenia</kwd>
<kwd>tratamiento del dengue hemorrágico</kwd>
<kwd>ultrasonido en dengue</kwd>
<kwd>Clasic dengue fever</kwd>
<kwd>treatment of dengue</kwd>
<kwd>hemorragic dengue</kwd>
<kwd>ultrasonid in dengue</kwd>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Introducción: La hiperhidrosis es una condición muy frecuente que dificulta la vida de los pacientes, ya que se sienten o son abiertamente rechazados por las otras personas con las que interactúan. La simpatectomía por toracoscopía se ha convertido en un método efectivo, seguro y asequible para el tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria. Material y métodos: Se reporta aquí la experiencia con esta técnica en 80 pacientes consecutivos, intervenidos durante un período de 24 meses. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos son comparables con los reportados por otros grupos, así como el grado de satisfacción con el procedimiento. Conclusiones: La simpatectomía por toracoscopía es una intervención sencilla y efectiva para tratar la hiperhidrosis. Se debe trabajar en el perfeccionamiento de la técnica para disminuir la incidencia de la sudoración compensatoria, efecto colateral frecuente y molesto de la intervención.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: hyperhidrosis is a frequent condition that complicates the life of the patients. They feel or are actually openly rejected by the persons they interact with. Sympathectomy by videothoracoscopy has become the approach of choice for patients with hyperhidrosis. Material and methods: we herein report our experience with thoracoscopic sympathectomy in 80 consecutive patients, operated upon during 24 months. Results: our results are comparable with those reported by other international groups as well as the degree of satisfaction expressed by the patients. Conclusion: videothoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective and readily available technique to treat hyperhidrosis. More work is needed to diminish the incidence of compensatory sweating, a frequent and annoying side effect of the procedure.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>hiperhidrosis</kwd>
<kwd>simpatectomía toracoscópica</kwd>
<kwd>sudoración compensatoria</kwd>
<kwd>hyperhidrosis</kwd>
<kwd>thoracoscopic sympathectomy</kwd>
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<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Comparación del estado nutricional de los pacientes portadores de VIH/sida ingresados en los años 2002 y 2004 en el Hospital México</article-title>
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<given-names>María Paz</given-names>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
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<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>194</fpage>
<lpage>197</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Comparar el estado nutricional de los pacientes ingresados con VIH/sida durante los años 2002 y 2004 en el Hospital México Materiales y métodos: Todo paciente ingresado al Hospital México con el diagnóstico de VIH/sida fue sometido a una valoración nutricional general que incluía la determinación del peso, la talla y el IMC. Resultados: En 2002 se evaluó a 59 pacientes. Un 91,6% de ellos fueron hombres y un 8,4%, mujeres. El peso promedio fue de 54,3 ± 10,3kg para un IMC promedio de 19,3: t 12,6 kg/m². Un 31,4% presentó un IMC &lt; a 18,5 kg/m², un 59,0% entre 18,6 y 25 kg/m²y un 9,5% un IMC mayor a 25 kg/m².En 2004 se evaluó a 71 pacientes, un 16,9% eran mujeres. El peso promedio fue de 59,1 ± 12,7 kg para un IMC promedio de 21,1 ± 4,5 kg/m².Un 25,3% de los pacientes estudiados tuvieron un IMC &lt; 18,5 kg/m²; un 61,9%, un IMC normal y un 12,6%, un IMC &gt; 25 kg/m².Los pacientes evaluados en 2004 tuvieron el peso promedio mayor en 4,8 kg y el IMC promedio superior en 1,9 kg/m². El porcentaje de pacientes con desnutrición fue del 6,1% menor en 2004 y el de pacientes con IMC normal fue del 2,9% mayor. Conclusiones: El estado nutricional de los pacientes con VIH - Sida ingresados en el Hospital México en 2004 fue superior con respecto a los de 2002.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To compare the nutritional status of the patients admitted to the Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica, for HIV/aids during 2002 and during 2004. Materials and methods: Every patient admitted during the year 2002 and 2004 to the Hospital México with the diagnosis of HIV/aids, was assessed for a general nutritional condition. The evaluation included weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Both groups were then compared. Results: Fifty nine patients were admitted and evaluated during 2002. Ninety one point six percent were males and 8.4% females. The mean weight was of 54.36 ± 10.3 k and the mean BMI was 19,3 ± 12,6 kg/m². Thirty one point four percent of the patients had a BMI &lt; 18,5 kg/m² 59,0% had a BMI between 18,6 and 25 kg/m²,and 9,5% had a BMI over 25 kg/m². For 2004, there were 71 patients evaluated, of whom 16,9 % were females. Their mean weight was of 59,1 ± 12,7 kg their mean BMI was 21,1 ± 4, 50 kg/m². Of the total of patients studied 25,35% had a BMI &lt; 18,5 kg/m², 61,97% had a normal BMI and 12,68% had a BMI &gt; 25 kg/m². The mean weight of the patients evaluated during 2004 was 4,7 kg higher than that of those seen during 2002, and their BMI was 1.88kg/m² higher. The percentage of patients with BMI lower than normal decreased in 6.07% between 2002 and 2004 and the percentage of patients with normal BMI increased by 2,9%. Conclusions: The nutritional condition of the patients admitted for HIV/aids at the Hospital Mexico, improved between 2002 and 2004.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>estado nutricional</kwd>
<kwd>índice de masa corporal</kwd>
<kwd>peso</kwd>
<kwd>HIV - AIDS</kwd>
<kwd>nutritional status</kwd>
<kwd>body mass index</kwd>
<kwd>weight</kwd>
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<kwd>mucoepidermoid carcinoma</kwd>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0001-600220060004</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Médica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta méd. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6002</issn>
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<article-id>S0001-60022006000400015</article-id>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Divertículo faringe-esofágico</article-title>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
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<year>2006</year>
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<fpage>215</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los divertículos faringoesofágicos son relativamente infrecuentes, pero deben considerarse siempre dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de disfagia, halitosis y enfermedades respiratorias por broncoaspiración. Con el fin de informar la experiencia con 8 casos operados entre 1991 y 2005, se revisan los expedientes clínicos y se encuentran 6 hombres y 2 mujeres con edad promedio de 63 años y con síntomas más frecuentes de disfagia, tos y halitosis, a quienes se les confirmó el diagnóstico con un trago de bario. Uno de los pacientes había sido tratado por otro grupo, mediante resección del divertículo sin miotomía.y se presentó con recidiva. En todos los casos de este grupo se realizó una miotomía amplia. En 3 que eran pequeños se invirtió el divertículo con una bolsa de tabaco; en 4 se resecó el divertículo y en 1 se realizó diverticulopexia. Uno de los pacientes presentó una fístula que cerró en 2 semanas y todos evolucionaron bien, sin presentar otras complicaciones ni secuelas.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Although pharyngoesopageal diverticuli are relatively infrequent, they should be taken into account when considering the differential diagnosis of dysphagia, halitosis, and respiratory diseases secondary to bronchoaspiration. We have had experience with 8 cases operated from 1991 to 2005. There were 6 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 63 years, who complained of dysphagia, cough and halitosis. The diagnosis was confirmed with a barium swallow. One patient had previously had a diverticular resection without myotomy and presented to us with a recurrence. In all of our cases a wide myotomy was performed. In 3 patients with small diverticuli, these were inverted by placing a purse string suture at its base, resection was carried out in 5 and in 1 a diverticulopexy was done. One patient developed a fistula, which closed 2 weeks later, and the rest had an otherwise smooth postoperative course, without complications or sequelae.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>Esophageal diverticulum</kwd>
<kwd>pharyngoesophageal diverticulum</kwd>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-60022006000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Existe una gran variedad de cuerpos extraños que son deglutidos por los seres humanos, entre los cuales son numerosos los que pueden producir una perforación del tracto gastrointestinal. Se enfocará esta discusión en los palillos de dientes, caso particular, por poseer 2 extremos puntiagudos, lo que hace se consideren como portadores de una gran morbimortalidad. El espectro de manifestaciones clínicas asociado con las lesiones por palillos de dientes ingeridos es muy amplio; el diagnóstico de perforación del tracto gastrointestinal por cuerpo extraño es difícil de realizar en el pre-operatorio, ya que la mayoría de los pacientes no recuerdan haber ingerido algún cuerpo extraño. El pronóstico del paciente depende del diagnóstico oportuno, así como del tipo de abordaje, de las comorbilidades del paciente y de las complicaciones que refiera. Se presenta aquí el caso de un hombre con perforación ileal secundaria a la ingesta de 1palillo de dientes y que fue manejado con éxito. El diagnóstico diferencial del abdomen agudo, o lo que es más, del dolor abdominal agudo, es difícil, ya que en un espacio reducido se encuentran numerosas vísceras, con un variado repertorio de enfermedades cada una y con un limitado espectro de síntomas. En cuanto a los cuerpos extraños, la situación se complica todavía más, pues pueden afectar diferentes órganos y presentar una clínica intrascendente, posibilidad diagnóstica que hay que tener en mente al valorar un dolor abdominal.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A great variety of foreign objects can be swallowed by humans, a lot of them can perforate the gastrointestinal tract. Toothpicks are particular because they have 2 pointed ends and if swallowed they can be potentially deadly. There is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with injuries related to a swallowed toothpick. The pre-operative diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract perforation caused by this type of foreign body is difficult because most patients do not ever remember swallowing one. The patient's prognosis depends on an opportune diagnosis, type of medical treatment, patient's associated illnesses and the complications that may occur. We present here the case of a man who had a perforation of the ilium secondary to an ingested toothpick. He did well after surgery.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>perforación intestinal</kwd>
<kwd>palillo de dientes</kwd>
<kwd>cuerpo extraño</kwd>
<kwd>abdomen agudo</kwd>
<kwd>bowel perforation</kwd>
<kwd>toothpick</kwd>
<kwd>foreign body</kwd>
<kwd>acute abdomen</kwd>
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