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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Adelaida Chaverri-Polini</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kappelle</surname>
<given-names>Maarten</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
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<given-names>Antoine</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Central America Director of Science The Nature Conservancy </institution>
<addr-line>Costa Rica </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universities of Amsterdam and Wageningen Professor of Tropical Vegetation Ecology and Mapping </institution>
<addr-line>The Netherlands </addr-line>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>XIII</fpage>
<lpage>XVI</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El fin de las separatas impresas</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monge-Nájera</surname>
<given-names>Julián</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Revista de Biología Tropical </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>XVII</fpage>
<lpage>XIX</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">¿Cuáles son las revistas, libros y personas más influyentes en la biología latinoamericana?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monge-Nájera</surname>
<given-names>Julián</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benavides-Varela</surname>
<given-names>Catalina</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Revista de Biología Tropical </institution>
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<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<year>2004</year>
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<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A survey was distributed by email to 553 biologists who study the Neotropics, in order to identify the journals, books and researchers with the greatest influence over Latin American biology. The biologists’ data-base of the Revista de Biología Tropical was used to obtain their addresses. One third of them answered. The Revista de Biología Tropical is considered the most influential journal in the region. The majority of other influential journals are published in developed countries. The thematic distribution of answers, as well as independent assessments found in the literature, indicate that these and other survey results are not biased by the use of the journal’s database. By subject, marine and ecological journals are the most influential. In contrast with American science, there are no researchers or books that clearly dominate the field. These results hint to the subjectivity of many awards and qualifications and possibly reflect a lack of tradition regarding appearance of local scientists in the mass media, the small capacity of world wide diffusion for local research and the low priority of science in the Iberoamerican culture. Latin American journals should improve, specially through efficient communication with authors, stringent rejection of inferior manuscripts and through widespread and timely distribution. The marked dominance by male researchers may reflect the lower number of women in the field, and social inequality. Despite the absence of &quot;superstars&quot;, there was a correlation: most scientists in the &quot;list of out-standing researchers&quot; were from large countries. The publication of the most influential journal in one of the smallest countries of the region might reflect the relatively long period of existence of the Revista (half a century), the lack of other alternatives in the region and the journal’s inclusion in international indices. Recommendations for Latin American science include a selection of the best journals to receive financial support and the establishment, with help from the mass media, of a group of selected researchers as role models for the new generations</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Para identificar las revistas, libros y personas más influyentes en la biología latinoamericana, se envió por correo electrónico una encuesta a 553 personas dedicadas el tema, según la base de datos de la Revista de Biología Tropical. Un tercio de ellas respondió, concluyéndose que la Revista de Biología Tropical, es la más influyente de la región según las personas consultadas. Con esta excepción, la mayoría de las revistas influyentes son publicadas en países desarrollados. La distribución temática de las respuestas y las evaluaciones independientes descartan la posibilidad de que este y los demás resultados resulten de un sesgo entre los científicos consultados por ser de alguna manera próximos a la revista. Temáticamente, se mencionaron especialmente revistas del área marina y ecológica. A diferencia de la ciencia estadounidense, no hay personajes ni libros influyentes que sobresalgan de manera apabullante. Los resultados resaltan la subjetividad de premios y calificaciones en este campo y posiblemente resulten de que no hay tradición de que mujeres y hombres de ciencia locales aparezcan frecuentemente en los medios de comunicación, la poca capacidad de difundir internacionalmente los resultados locales y la insignificante importancia que la cultura iberoamericana concede a la ciencia. También sugieren la necesidad de que las revistas latinoamericanas hagan un esfuerzo para llenar mejor las necesidades del aparato científico regional (buena atención a los autores, un estricto rechazo de los manuscritos de inferior calidad, y una distribución a tiempo y muy amplia de las revistas). La marcada dominancia del sexo masculino puede deberse a que hay pocas mujeres trabajando en este campo o a que ellas no sean percibidas como sobresalientes por razones de inequidad sociocultural. La predominancia de nacionalidades de las personas consideradas como influyentes en la ciencia latinoamericana calzan en general con los países que dominan la producción científica regional. El curioso hecho de que la revista más influyente sea editada en uno de los países más pequeños de la región podría deberse actualmente a la larga tradición de la revista y la escasa disponibilidad de otras alternativas con equivalente difusión y periodicidad, así como a su permanencia en los índices internacionales. Se recomienda que América Latina elija y fortalezca a sus mejores revistas y que desarrolle un panteón propio de héroes que, con el apoyo de los medios de comunicación de masas, sirvan de modelo a las nuevas generaciones</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Latin American science</kwd>
<kwd>outstanding researchers</kwd>
<kwd>influential books</kwd>
<kwd>main journals</kwd>
<kwd>sexual inequality</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100004</article-id>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper we discuss about the utility of the species concept as real definition, particularly the Mayr concept. We propose a method for the logical separation of taxa based in the statements of the logical mathematics and the application of the sets theory to the concepts in systematic. We attempt to provide an objective methodology for the interpretation of natural groups in biology including the species as a basic group in evolution. We introduce the concept of the hypothetical ancestor as a mathematical possibility derived from the use of matrix calculations for non square matrix</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este artículo discutimos la utilidad del concepto de especie como una definición real, particularmente el concepto de Mayr. Proponemos un método de separación lógica de los taxa basada en planteamientos de la lógica matemática y la aplicación de la teoría de los conjuntos a los conceptos en sistemática. Intentamos de esta manera proporcionar una metodología objetiva para la interpretación de los grupos naturales en biología incluyendo la especie como un grupo básico en evolución. Introducimos el concepto de ancestro hipotético como una posibilidad matemática derivada del uso del cálculo de matrices no cuadradas</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>species concept</kwd>
<kwd>Mayr</kwd>
<kwd>hypothetical ancestor</kwd>
<kwd>non square matrix</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
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</title-group>
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</contrib>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM) Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Sevilla y CSIC Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF) </institution>
<addr-line>Sevilla </addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Anew species of euglena isolated from a hot and acid mud pool located in Las Pailas de Barro, Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, Costa Rica is described. This species inhabits hot and acid environments. Euglena pailasensis sp. nov. main features are: the absence of flagella, the presence filaments like &quot;pilis&quot;, the presence of chloroplasts with pyrenoids crossed by several tylakoids, and acid and heat tolerance. Molecular phylogeny studies using 18S rDNA and Gap C genes indicated that the new species is related to E mutabilis. Its taxonomic characters based on morphology, biology and sequence of the 18S rDNA and Gap C genes are discussed and compared with other closely related species of the genus</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe una nueva especie de euglena aislada de las Pailas de Barro Caliente del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, Costa Rica. Esta especie se caracteriza por habitar sitios ácidos y calientes. Euglena pailasensis sp. nov. tiene como características principales: la ausencia de flagelos, presencia de filamentos similares a &quot;pilis&quot;, presencia de cloroplastos con pirenoides atravesados por varios tilacoides, además, es termotolerante y acido-tolerante. Los análisis filogenéticos para el gen ADNr 18S y la secuencia del gen para la enzima Gap C indican que la nueva especie está relacionada con E. mutabilis. Las características taxonómicas basadas en la morfología, biología y secuencia del ADNr 18S y los genes GAP C, son discutidas y comparadas con otras especies relativamente cercanas al género</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Protozoa</kwd>
<kwd>Euglena</kwd>
<kwd>acidic hot mud pool</kwd>
<kwd>thermo-tolerance</kwd>
<kwd>18S rDNA</kwd>
<kwd>GapC</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Descripción ultraestructural de Euglena pailasensis (Euglenozoa) del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, Guanacaste, Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Sevilla y CSIC Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF) </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The euglenoids are unicellular eukaryotic flagellates living in a diversity of soils and aquatic environments and ecosystems. This study describes the ultrastructure of an euglenoid isolated from the surface of a boiling mud pool with temperatures ranging from 38 to 98°C and pH 2 - 4. The hot mud pool is located in Area de Pailas de Barro, Las Pailas, Rincón de la Vieja Volcano, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The morphological characterization of the Euglena pailasensis was performed by SEM and TEM. It was determined that, although the euglenoid was obtained from an extreme volcanic environment, the general morphology corresponds to that of a typical member of Euglena of 30-45 µm long and 8-10 µm wide, with membrane, pellicle, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, pigments and other cytoplasmic organelles. E. pailasensis is delimited by a membrane and by 40 to 90 pellicle strips. It was observed up to 5 elongated chloroplasts per cell. The chloroplast contains several osmiophilic globules and a pyrenoid penetrated by few thylakoid pairs. The nutritious material is reserved in numerous small paramylon grains located at the center of the cell, mitocondria are characterized by the presence of crests in radial disposition toward the interior of the lumen. It was also observed around the external surface &quot;pili&quot; like filaments originating from the pellicle strips. There is no evidence for the presence of flagella in the ampulla (reservoir/canal area), a fact confirmed by negative staining, and a difference regarding other species of Euglena. The observed ultrastructural characteristics are not sufficient to explain the adaptation of this species to acid and hot environments</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los euglenoides son eucariotas unicelulares flagelados que habitan ambientes acuáticos y suelos de una gran diversidad de ecosistemas. Este trabajo presenta la descripción morfológica ultraestructural del euglenoide E. pailasensis aislado de las fuentes de lodo caliente de las &quot;pailas de barro&quot; en el Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. La temperatura de estos sitios puede variar entre 38 y 98° C y puede tener un pH entre 1 y 4. El estudio se realizó utilizando microscopia electrónica de barrido y transmisión. El euglenoide está constituido por una célula típica que puede medir de 30 a 45 µm de largo y 8-10 µm de ancho, con membrana externa, película, cloroplastos, mitocondrias, núcleo, pigmentos granulares y demás organelas citoplasmáticas de un eucarionte. Esta delimitado por una membrana continua y por una película compuesta de aproximadamente 40 - 90 mionemas que miden entre 0.8 y 1.0 µm de ancho, dispuestas helicoidalmente sobre la célula. Se observó 5 cloroplastos elongados por célula, de 1-2 µm de diámetro y 6-12 µm de largo, delimitados por tres membranas y localizados en la periferia celular. Este posee glóbulos osmiofílicos y un pirenoide penetrado por pocos tilacoides. El material nutritivo se almacena en gránulos de paramilón y las mitocondrias presentan las crestas en disposición radial hacia el interior del lumen. La zona de la ámpula se observó sin flagelo y se notó una red de fibrillas que envuelve el espécimen. Las características ultraestructurales observadas en este estudio, no permiten explicar la capacidad de E. pailasensis para habitar en el ambiente volcánico extremo de las Pailas de Barro Caliente</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Protozoa</kwd>
<kwd>Euglenozoa</kwd>
<kwd>euglenoid</kwd>
<kwd>Euglena</kwd>
<kwd>ultrastructure</kwd>
<kwd>termoresistent</kwd>
<kwd>acid tolerant</kwd>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Plants were obtained via organogenesis from hypocotyl explants of Dalbergia retusa from in vitro germinated seedlings. Adventitious bud induction was achieved on Murashige and Skoog medium containing five BA (benzyladenine) concentrations. The best BA concentration for budding induction and budding development was 8.8µM. Shoot rooting was obtained on half-strength modified MS basal medium, supplemented with 20g.l -1 of sucrose and five concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest number of shoot rooting was obtained with 19.7µM IBA but the highest average number of roots for plantlet was achieved with 24.6µM IBA. Plants were transferred to greenhouse conditions</p></abstract>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temporal-spatial distribution of the hermit crab Loxopagurus loxochelis (Decapoda: Diogenidae) from Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo State, Brazil</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
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<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Departamento de Biologia-FFCLRP </institution>
<addr-line>Ribeirão Preto </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia</institution>
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</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The present work was conducted to determine the distribution of Loxopagurus loxochelis collected monthly, over a period of one year, in Ubatuba Bay (from September/95 to August/96). A total of 179 specimens were collected (138 males, 30 females and 11 ovigerous females). The greatest depth, predominance of very fine sand and highest mean value of organic matter contents of sediment, in combination with the low temperatures registered in winter (July and August), determined the presence of L. loxochelis in the subarea located at the Ubatuba Bay mouth, exposed to the open sea with high water current energy, important because this position insures that spawned larvae will enter into the oceanic circulation</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se realizó un estudio de la distribución espacial y temporal de la especie Loxopagurus loxochelis, en función de algunos factores abióticos, en la ensenada de Ubatuba, Brasil. Las capturas fueron realizadas con una red de arrastre mensualmente, entre Septiembre de 1995 y Agosto de 1996, en ocho transectos determinados previamente. Se obtuvieron un total de 179 individuos 138 machos, 30 hembras y 11 hembras ovígeras. La combinación de algunos factores fueron determinantes del alto número de individuos capturados en el área externa da la ensenada, la cual sufre la influencia de las corrientes marinas favorables a la dispersión de las larvas. Estos factores fueron la profundidad, el diámetro de la arena, la concentración de materia orgánica y la temparatura</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Crustacea</kwd>
<kwd>distribution</kwd>
<kwd>hermit crab</kwd>
<kwd>Loxopagurus loxochelis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Laboratory spawning of the purple snail Plicopurpura pansa (Gastropoda: Muricidae)</article-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CICIMAR/IPN) Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas </institution>
<addr-line>LA PAZ </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
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<fpage>57</fpage>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The spawning of the muricid gastropod Plicopurpura pansa in the laboratory at 22-23°C is described. Females deposited 1-20 capsules daily for at least 20 weeks, and produced up to 150 capsules each per spawning season. During spawning, egg clusters were formed consisting of hundreds of capsules of different ages deposited by different females. Each egg capsule contained an average of 436 embryos (± s.d. 213.6, range: 95- 1 092, n = 50). Embryos developed without nurse eggs. After six to eight weeks of intracapsular, lecithotrophic development, planktotrophic veligers hatched with two fully developed velar lobes</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe el desove del gasterópodo Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Muricidae) a 22-23°C en el laboratorio. Cada hembra depositó diariamente de 1 a 20 cápsulas por lo menos durante 20 semanas y produjo hasta 150 cápsulas durante la estación de reproducción. Durante el tiempo de desove se formaron agrupaciones de cientos de cápsulas de diferentes edades y diferentes hembras. Cada cápsula contenía, según del tamaño, en promedio 436 embriones (± s.d. 213.6, ámbito: 95-1 092, n=50). Los embriones se desarrollaron sin huevos nutricios. Después de seis a ocho semanas del desarrollo lecitotrófico intracapsular eclosionaron larvas veliger planctotróficas completamente desarrolladas con dos velum de forma lobulada</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>Plicopurpura pansa</kwd>
<kwd>Muricidae</kwd>
<kwd>Gastropoda</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Regular sea-urchins are one of the main bioeroding organisms affecting coral reefs around the world. The abundance, distribution and bioerosion rate of the sea-urchin Centrostephanus coronatus, were determined in different reef zones of Playa Blanca fringing reef (Gorgona Island, Colombian pacific coast) during 1997 and 1998. The erosion rates were determined calcinating the gut content of the sea-urchins to eliminate all organic components and preserve the inorganic portion of calcium carbonate. C. coronatus showed the highest densities towards the central zones of the reef (plain-crest and front) (12.4 ind/m² ; range 0-48 ind/m² ). The highest mean bioerosion rate was 0.103 kgCaCO3 /m² /yr in the reef plain-crest (0-0.69 kgCaCO3 /m² /yr). In the other zones, (back reef and reef front) the mean bioerosion rates were 0.071 (range 0-0.39) and 0.052 (range 0-0.31) kgCaCO3 /m² /yr respectively. According to the present data, it can be seen that the destruction of coralline skeletons, produced in this reef by sea-urchins is rather low, compared with the abrasion caused by these organisms in other places of the world. However, the combined action of C. coronatus and other bioeroding organisms (borers and grazers), along with some adverse environmental factors to corals, can be causing a negative balance between normal processes of reef accretion-destruction in Gorgona Island reefs</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los erizos regulares son uno de los principales grupos de organismos bioerosionadores que destruyen los arrecifes coralinos alrededor del mundo. En el presente estudio se determinaron los patrones de distribución y abundancia y las tasas de carbonato de calcio removido en el arrecife de Playa Blanca por Centrostephanus coronatus, una de las especies de erizos más abundante en este arrecife. Para este fin se realizaron cuatro visitas al arrecife entre 1997 y 1998 durante las cuales se contabilizó el número de individuos en cada una de las principales zonas arrecifales (Trasarrecife, Plataforma-Cresta, Frente, y Talud). Las tasas de erosión fueron determinadas por medio del análisis del contenido estomacal de un número representativo de individuos colectados en cada zona. Cada sistema digestivo fue calcinado para eliminar la materia orgánica y conservar solamente la porción inorgánica de carbonato de calcio. C. coronatus presentó sus mayores densidades hacia las zonas centrales del arrecife (12.4 ind/m² ; rango 0-48 ind/m² ). La tasa de bioerosión promedio más alta de C. coronatus fue de 0.103 kgCaCo3 /m² /año en la Plataforma-Cresta (rango 0 a 0.69 kgCaCo3 /m² /año). En las otras zonas (trasarrecife y frente) las tasas promedio de erosión fueron 0.071 (0-0.39) y 0.052 (0-0.31) kgCaCo3 /m² /año respectivamente. De acuerdo con estos datos fue posible comprobar que la destrucción de esqueletos de corales en este arrecife por esta especie de erizo es baja, comparada con la acción abrasionadora de este tipo de organismos en otras partes del mundo. Sin embargo, la acción combinada de C. coronatus con otros organismos bioerosionadores y con algunos factores ambientales adversos para los corales, puede estar provocando un desbalance entre los procesos normales de contrucción-destrucción arrecifal en la Isla Gorgona</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>bioerosion</kwd>
<kwd>sea-urchin</kwd>
<kwd>coral reefs</kwd>
<kwd>Colombia</kwd>
<kwd>eastern Pacific</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<front>
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<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100011</article-id>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Keys in Spanish and English are given for the genera of Chrysomelinae known from Costa Rica. For each genus, a list of species compiled from collections in the University of Costa Rica, the National Biodiversity Institute, and the entomological literature is presented. The genus Planagetes Chevrolat 1843 is recorded for the first time from Central America, and the genus Leptinotarsa Stål 1858 is synonymized with Stilodes Chevrolat 1843</p></abstract>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Taking part of the Program for The Inventory of Flora and Fauna of Coiba Island National Park (Panamá), a first list of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatei) is presented. Materials studied come from several soil samplings, including humus and fallen leaves, done in Coiba Island in July 1998. 134 species were identified from a total amount of 1 053 individuals collected. Almost all the identified species are new records for Panamá as well as eigth species that represent first records for the Neotropical Region. A new name is given: Aeroppia mariehammerae n. nom. for Aeroppia sp. and a new combination is proposed: Protoribates antillensis (Mahunka, 1985) n. comb. (Xylobates)</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Dentro del programa para el inventario de la fauna y flora del Parque Nacional de la Isla de Coiba (Panamá), se presenta un primer listado de los ácaros oribátidos (Acari: Oribatei) que habitan en el parque. El material objeto de este estudio, procede de diversos muestreos edáficos, incluyendo hojarasca y humus, realizados en el sitio en julio de 1998. Para un total de 1 053 ejemplares colectados en las muestras se han identificado 134 especies diferentes, de las cuales, practicamente todas son nuevas para Panamá y 8 especies se citan por vez primera en la región neotropical. Se da un nuevo nombre: Aeroppia mariehammerae n.nom. para Aeroppia sp. (Hammer, 1962) y una combinación nueva para Protoribates antillensis (Mahunka, 1985) n. comb. (Xylobates)</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Oribatid mites</kwd>
<kwd>Coiba island</kwd>
<kwd>Panamá</kwd>
<kwd>Neotropic</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of Carabodes (Acariformes: Carabodidae) from Venezuela</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>S. Subías</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
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<name>
<surname>Arillo</surname>
<given-names>Antonio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Complutense Facultad de Biologia Departamento de Zoología (Entomologia)</institution>
<addr-line>Madrid </addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A new species, Carabodes venezolanus is described from Venezuela. A comparison with related species and genera is done</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe una nueva especie Carabodes venezolanus de Venezuela. Se realiza una comparación con especies y géneros próximos</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Acariformes</kwd>
<kwd>Oribatid</kwd>
<kwd>Carabodid</kwd>
<kwd>Carabodes</kwd>
<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd>Venezuela</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mahunka</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XXIV: First contribution to the Oribatid Fauna of the Dominican Republic (Acari: Oribatida)</article-title>
<source>Redia</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
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<surname>Mahunka</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Oribatids from Sarawak I. (Acari: Oribatida): New and interesting mites from the Geneva Museum LXXVIII</article-title>
<source>Revue Suisse Zool</source>
<year>1996</year>
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<given-names>R.M.</given-names>
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<article-title xml:lang="en">A new Klapperiches (Acari: Oribatida: Carabodidae) from Southern Florida, USA</article-title>
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<year>1997</year>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ganancia de peso del depredador Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) en combinaciones de las presas Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) y Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Matos Neto</surname>
<given-names>Fausto da Costa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nonato de Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>Harley</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cola Zanuncio</surname>
<given-names>José</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mathias Holtz</surname>
<given-names>Anderson</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>Isaias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Queiroz Fialho</surname>
<given-names>Maria do Carmo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Fitotecnia </institution>
<addr-line>Minas Gerais </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Biologia Animal/BIOAGRO </institution>
<addr-line>Minas Gerais </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>101</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Litlle is known about Podisus distinctus (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) one of the Asopinae species with good possibilities for mass rearing and releasing against defoliator caterpillars in eucalyptus reforested areas in Brazil. We evaluated the impact of prey combinations on weight of nymphs and adults of P. distinctus. The prey were Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The experiment was developed under 25 ± 0.5ºC, 60 ± 10% R.H. and photophase of 14 hr, with nymphs of P. distinctus individualized in Petri dishes and fed as: T1- larvae of M. domestica during its whole nymphal phase; T2- larvae of M. domestica during its II instar and of T. molitor during the other instars; T3- larvae of M. domestica during II and III instars and of T. molitor during the other instars; T4- larvae of M. domestica during II, III and IV instars and of T. molitor during the V instar; T5- larvae of T. molitor during all instars. P. distinctus presents lower weight when fed with larvae of M. domestica. For this reason it is recommended to feed P. distinctus with T. molitor during its whole nymphal phase or with larvae of M. domestica only during II and III instars and T. molitor during IV and V instars</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Entre las ninfas de los asopíneos usados para el control de gusanos desfoliadores en plantaciones de eucalipto, Podisus distinctus (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) representa un potencial agente de control biológico, sin embargo esta especie ha sido poco estudiada. El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto de las diferentes combinaciones de las presas Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) y Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) sobre el peso de ninfas de P. distinctus. El experimento se realizó en laboratorio do &quot;Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuaria (BIOAGRO)&quot;, a 25 ± 0.5ºC, 60 ± 10% de humedad relativa y 14 horas de fotoperiodo. Las ninfas de P. distinctus fueron individualizadas en cajas de Petri y alimentadas de acuerdo con los siguientes tratamientos: T1- larvas de M. domestica durante toda la fase ninfal; T2- larvas de M. domestica en el II estadio y de T. molitor en los III, IV y V estadios; T3- larvas de M. domestica en el II y III estadios y de T. molitor en los IV y V estadios; T4- larvas de M. domestica en el II, III y IV estadios y de T. molitor en el V estadio; T5- larvas de T. molitor en todos los estadios. Los mejores resultados de peso y ganancia de peso fueron encontrados cuando P. distinctus fue alimentado alternadamente con larvas de M. domestica y T. molitor. Cuando esse depredador fue solamente alimentado con larvas de M. domestica, presentó pesos menores</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Asopinae</kwd>
<kwd>alternative prey</kwd>
<kwd>biological control</kwd>
<kwd>mass rearing</kwd>
<kwd>insect diet</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<institution>,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Biologia Animal</institution>
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<institution>,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal</institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We describe the female and male of the Neotropical fungus-growing ant Mycetarotes carinatus, hitherto only known from type locality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, based on samples of workers. The sexual forms were obtained from a nest maintained in the laboratory. The samples found in Minas Gerais state, expand the geographic distribution of the species. We illustrate the external architecture of the nest of M. carinatus</p></abstract>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Are there any agricultural effects on the capture rates of male euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini)?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sandino</surname>
<given-names>Juan Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano Facultad de Biología Marina Fundación Herencia Verde</institution>
<addr-line>Bogotá </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>115</fpage>
<lpage>118</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>During 30 days male euglossine bees were bait-sampled at 12 sites, in the central Pacific coast of Colombia (ten days and four sites at each of three adjacent habitats: farmlands, highly disturbed forest and less disturbed forest) and 487 individuals were captured. Most captured individuals belonged to six species, five widely distributed through the American tropics and an endemic species. Two of the frequently captured species presented no different abundances between habitats, while the other four (67.97% of all the captured individuals), all of them big sized or long-tongued, were more frequently captured at the farmlands. A cluster analysis of the data matrix for the 23 captured species and the 12 sampling sites, grouped together the farmland sites, apart from the forest sites. It is proposed that male euglossine bees from generalist, long-tongued or big sized species, forage frequently at the farmlands, where fragrance or nectar resources may be clumped, less diverse, and present an access restricted by deep corollas or by microclimatic conditions of high temperature and low humidity</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Durante treinta días y en doce sitios de muestreo en la costa pacífica central de Colombia (diez días y cuatro sitios en cada uno de tres hábitats adyacentes: fincas, bosque muy perturbado y bosque menos perturbado), se capturaron 487 machos euglosinos. La mayoría de machos pertenecen a seis especies, cinco de amplia distribución en tierras bajas de la América tropical y una endémica. De estas seis especies, dos no presentan diferencias significativas en su distribución entre hábitats, mientras que las otras cuatro (que representan 67.97% del total de individuos capturados), todas grandes o de lenguas largas, fueron capturadas con mayor frecuencia en las fincas. Un análisis de agrupamiento de la matriz de datos, para las 23 especies capturadas y los 12 sitios de muestreo, agrupó los sitios de finca aparte de los de bosque. Se propone que los machos euglosinos de especies generalistas, grandes o de lenguas largas, forrajearían con mayor frecuencia en las fincas, pues allí los recursos de néctar o fragancias presentarían mayor densidad, menor diversidad o un acceso restringido por corolas profundas o por condiciones microclimáticas de alta temperatura y baja humedad</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Euglossine bees</kwd>
<kwd>Colombia</kwd>
<kwd>deforestation gradient</kwd>
<kwd>pollinators</kwd>
<kwd>farmlands</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Recolecta de artrópodos para prospección de la biodiversidad en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
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<name>
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<given-names>Vanessa</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)  </institution>
<addr-line>Santo Domingo de Heredia </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology </institution>
<addr-line>Philadelphia </addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>This study describes the results and collection practices for obtaining arthropod samples to be studied as potential sources of new medicines in a bioprospecting effort. From 1994 to 1998, 1800 arthropod samples of 6-10 g were collected in 21 sites of the Área de Conservación Guancaste (A.C.G) in Northwestern Costa Rica. The samples corresponded to 642 species distributed in 21 orders and 95 families. Most of the collections were obtained in the rainy season and in the tropical rainforest and dry forest of the ACG. Samples were obtained from a diversity of arthropod orders: 49.72% of the samples collected corresponded to Lepidoptera, 15.75% to Coleoptera, 13.33% to Hymenoptera, 11.43% to Orthoptera, 6.75% to Hemiptera, 3.20% to Homoptera and 7.89% to other groups. Different life stages per arthropod species were obtained in most samples, 54.26% of them were adults, 19.90% corresponded to larvae, 6.46% to pupae, 6.12% to pre-pupae, 2.07% to nymphs and 3.74% to other stages. Other materials associated to insects like frass represented 11.20% of the samples collected. Several collecting methods were explored, based on the possibility of accessing the necessary amount of material causing the less impact. Most of the samples were obtained by manual collection (44.38%), followed by insects breeding (25.73%), light traps (18.80%), different types of nets (10.52%) and other methods (0.16%). In general, collecting methods and practices excluded the use of solvents, mixing different species or life stages in the same bag, which might have introduced undesirable effects in the screening systems for new compounds. Based on the possibility of finding new chemicals in similar samples associated to one arthropod species, the collecting strategy included the generation of several samples from same species, separated according to differences in life stages, collecting sites, ecosystems, seasons, feeding materials or behavioral aspects. This strategy allowed the generation a larger number of samples submitted to bioassays in different areas of pharmaceutical research</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Desde 1994 hasta 1997, 1800 muestras de artrópodos correspondientes a 642 especies distribuidas en 21 órdenes y 95 familias fueron recolectadas en 21 localidades protegidas del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, para ser estudiadas como fuente potencial de nuevos medicamentos. Las localidades con más recolectas fueron Santa María (231 spp.; 421 muestras), Santa Rosa (110 spp.; 172 muestras), Cacao (98 spp.; 203 muestras) y Pitilla (67 spp.; 79 muestras), siendo la mayor cantidad recolectadas durante la estación lluviosa. El 49.72% de las muestras recolectadas correspondió al orden Lepidoptera, 15.75% a Coleoptera, 13.33% a Hymenoptera, 11.43% a Orthoptera, 6.75% a Hemiptera, 3.20% a Homoptera y 7.89% a otros grupos. Además, un 54.26% de las muestras correspondía a individuos adultos, 19.90% a larvas, 11.20% a estiércol, 6.46% a pupas, 6.12% a prepupas, 2.07% a ninfas y 3.74% a otros estadios. Un 44.38% de las muestras se recolectó mediante recolecta manual, seguido por crianza de insectos (25.73%), trampa de luz (18.80%), diferentes tipos de redes (10.52%) y otros métodos (0.16%). La alta diversidad de los trópicos y la gran abundancia de artrópodos hace de este grupo una fuente potencial de productos farmacéuticos. Sin embargo, se debe evitar la recolecta intensiva en la misma localidad durante años consecutivos (sobre todo hembras), minimizar la interferencia en procesos vitales de los organismos y la dinámica de sus poblaciones. Además se debe recolectar la menor cantidad posible de individuos y escoger la época del año adecuada, para lograr el reestablecimiento natural de las poblaciones</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>bioprospecting</kwd>
<kwd>arthropods</kwd>
<kwd>insects</kwd>
<kwd>Guanacaste Conservation Area</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>collecting methods</kwd>
<kwd>Santa Rosa</kwd>
<kwd>Guanacaste</kwd>
<kwd>Rincón de la Vieja</kwd>
<kwd>National Parks</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The reserpine effects on the gonadotrophic cells of the male common carp Cyprinus carpio (Osteichtyes: Cyprinidae)</article-title>
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<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The secretion of gonadotropins (GtH) in goldfish and carp, is stimulated by GtH-releasing hormone (GnRH) and is inhibited by dopamine. Studies with antidopaminergics have demonstrated to be effective in order to stimulate the spermiation and the ovulation in different species of teleosts. The reserpine, a drug that deplets the dopamine, has shown to stimulate the spermiation in the common carp. We report here, the effects of reserpine on the number and volume of gonadotrophic cells of the common carp. Eight injections of reserpine alone, at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/ml/kg of body weight and at intervals of 48 hours, caused an increase in the number and volume of gonadotrophic cells. The dose 0.5 mg/ml/kg, presented an increase in the number and volume of gonadotrophic cells of 382% and 123%, respectively, above the control group. The dose 1.0 mg/ml/kg, showed an enhanced number and volume of gonadotrophic cells of 704% and 152%, respectively. With the dose 1.5 mg/ml/kg increase in number (171%) and volume (106%) of gonadotrophic cells was lower. The gonads of the experimental groups had an abundance of advanced states of spermatogenesis. Our results show that eight intraperitoneal injections of reserpine were responsible for an increase in gonadodrophic cell, number and volume</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La secreción de gonadotropinas (GtHs) en pez dorado y carpas, es estimulada por la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas (GnRH) e inhibida por la dopamina. Trabajos previos con antidopaminérgicos demostraron ser efectivos para estimular la espermiación y ovulación, en varias especies de teleósteos. La reserpina, una sustancia que desaparece catecolaminas, se ha probado con éxito para estimular la espermiación en la carpa común. En este trabajo, reportamos los efectos de la reserpina en el número y volúmen de células gonadotropas en la carpa común. Se aplicaron ocho inyecciones de reserpina a dosis de 0.5, 1.0, y 1.5 mg/ml/kg de peso corporal, a intervalos de 48 horas entre cada inyección. Con la dosis de 0.5 mg/ml/kg, se encontró un aumento en el número de gonadotrofas de 382% y de 123% en el volumen, en comparación con los controles. La dosis de 1.0 mg/ml/kg presentó un aumento de 704% en el número de células y de 152% en el volumen celular. Con 1.5 mg/ml/kg se causó que las gonadotrofas aumentarán 171% en número y 106% en volumen. En general, las gónadas de los grupos experimentales presentaron estadios más avanzados de espermatogénesis. Nuestros resultados demuestran que ocho aplicaciones de reserpina provocan el incremento, tanto del número como del volumen, de células gonadotropas</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Reserpine</kwd>
<kwd>gonadotrophic cells</kwd>
<kwd>goldfish</kwd>
<kwd>pituitary</kwd>
<kwd>dopamine</kwd>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100019</article-id>
<title-group>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The food habits of Trachinotus paitensis, in San Ignacio Lagoon B.C.S., Mexico, were investigated. We observed that T. paitensis is carnivorous, feeding mainly on benthic invertebrates (the gastropods Anachis spp., Bittium spp., and the crustacean larvae). We concluded that T. paitensis is an opportunist predator that impacts mainly on epibenthic invertebrates</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Fueron investigados los hábitos alimenticios de Trachinotus paitensis, en la laguna San Ignacio B.C.S., México. Se observó que T. paitensis es carnívoro, y se alimenta principalmente de invertebrados bénticos (los gastrópodos Anachis spp., Bittium spp., y larvas de crustáceos). En conclusión esta especie es un depredador oportunista que tiene un impacto principalmente sobre las poblaciones de invertebrados epibénticos</p></abstract>
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</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
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<fpage>143</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Marine catfish are abundant in the Sepetiba Bay, a 305 km 2 area in Southeast Brazilian coast (Lat. 22º 54’-23º 04’S; Long. 43 o 44’-44 o 10’W), but the knowledge on their biology is still scanty. The reproductive biology of Sciadeichthys luniscutis (Valenciennes 1840) and Genidens genidens (Valenciennes 1839) was studied through monthly sampling, from October 1998 to September 1999. Fishes were caught with a standardized otter trawl, in the interior of Sepetiba Bay, and near to the confluence with a major freshwater contributor. Six gonadal stages were described, based on macroscopic observations of gonad form, size, weight, color and oocyte diameter, and microscopic observations of differences in size and staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm structures, as viewed through a light microscope. Changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and in stages of gonadal development showed what S. luniscutis spawned in Spring, while G. genidens spawned in Summer. Total spawning was shown for both species as indicated by high concentration of post-ovulatory follicles in spent stages. Fecundity was low (14-38 vitellogenic oocytes for S. luniscutis and 6-24 for G. genidens), when compared with other teleosts. Low fecundity and separation in spawning period suggest that both species are k-strategist, able to avoid interspecific competition in early stages of life cycle to optimize the use of the available niche</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El pez-gato de mar es abundante el la Bahía Sepetiba, un área de 305 km² en la costa del sureste brasileño, pero el conocimiento de su biología es aun escaso. La biología reproductiva de Sciadeichthys luniscutis y Genidens genidens fue estudiada a través de muestreos mensuales, desde octubre de 1998 a setiembre de 1999. Los peces fueron capturados con una red barredera estandarizada, en el interior de la Bahía Sepetiba, y cerca de la confluencia con un río tributario principal. Seis estadíos gonadales fueron descritos, basados en observaciones macroscópicas de diferencias en el tamaño y tinción del núcleo y estructuras citoplasmáticas, observadas a través del microscopio de luz. Los cambio en el índice gonadosomático () y en los estadíos del desarrollo gonadal, mostraron que S. Luniscutis desova en primavera, mientras que G. genidens desova en verano. El desove fue evidenciado en ambas especies por una alta concentración de folículos post-ovulatorios en los estadios maduros. La fecundidad fue baja (14-38 oocitos vitelogénicos en S. luniscutis y 6-24 en G. genidens) cuando se la compara con otros teleósteos. La baja fecundidad y la separación en el período de desove sugiere que ambas especies tienen estrategia-k, capaces de evitar competencia interespecífica en los primeros estadíos del ciclo de vida, para optimizar el uso del nicho disponible</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p>Os bagres marinhos constituem um dos mais abundantes recursos pesqueiros da Baía de Sepetiba (Lat.22º54’-23º04’S, Long.43º34’-44º10’O), porém o conhecimento da biologia é escasso. Abiologia reprodutiva de Sciadeichthys luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840) e Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839) foi estudada através de amostragens mensais entre outubro-1998 e setembro- 1999. Os peixes foram capturados em coletas de arrasto de fundo na Baía de Sepetiba e com redes de espera, na confluência com o rio da Guarda. Foram descritas 6 fases de desenvolvimento gonadal, com base em observações macroscópicas de forma, tamanho, peso, cor e diámetro dos ovócitos, e observações microscópicas de diferenças de tamanho das estruturas celulares. Variações no índice gonadossomático (IGS) e nos estádios de desenvolvimento gonadal indicaram que S. luniscutis desova na primavera, enquanto G. genidens desova no verão. A desova total apresentada por ambas espécies, foi indicada pela elevada concentração de folículos pós-ovulatórios em ovários desovados. A fecundidade foi baixa (14-38 ovócitos vitelogênicos para S. luniscutis e 6-24 para G. genidens), quando comparada a outros teleósteos. A tendência de desenvolvimento da estratégia K foi desenvolvida por ambas espécies caracterizada pelo grande tamanho dos ovócitos, baixa fecundidade, elevada proteção à prole e separação temporal no período reprodutivo, podendo ser um mecanismo para evitar competição interespecífica na Baía de Sepetiba, por estas abundantes espécies tão proximamente relacionadas</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>reproduction</kwd>
<kwd>spawning</kwd>
<kwd>fecundity</kwd>
<kwd>reproductive strategies</kwd>
<kwd>Ariidae</kwd>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Composición, crecimiento e índice de condición de una población de Poecilia reticulata (Pisces: Poeciliidae), en un estanque en Heredia, Costa Rica</article-title>
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<institution>,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales y Vida Silvestre (LARNAVISI)</institution>
<addr-line>Heredia </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<year>2004</year>
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<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>162</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A pond population of Poecilia reticulata was studied in Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica, between September and November of 1998. The sex ratio was 1:0.49 (males:females). The mean total length was 34.43 ± 7.26 mm for females, 23.50 ± 2.24 mm for males and 12.27 ± 3.41 mm for juveniles. The mean total weight was 0.69 ± 0.48 g for females; and 0.16 ± 0.05 g for males and 0.026 ± 0.027 g for juveniles. The total length-weight relationship for the total population was P= 6 x 10-5 Lt 3.3272 (r 2 = 0.9613). The condition index equation was K = 25.755 e0.004Lt (r² = 0.8925) for females and K=26.767 e0.003Lt (r² =0.907) for males. The mean condition index was 31.29 ±0.55 % for females and 28.52 ± 0.19 % for males. Both sexes reached the sexual maturity when the males and females overcame the 20.00 mm and 23.5 mm of Lt respectively</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se determinó la composición, crecimiento e índice de condición de una población de Poecilia reticulata, en un estanque en Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, entre setiembre y noviembre de 1998. La proporción sexual promedio fue de 1 macho: 0.49 hembras. Las hembras presentaron una longitud promedio total de 34.43 ± 7.26 mm y un peso total promedio de 0.69 ± 0.48 g, mientras que en los machos la longitud total promedio fue de 23.46 ± 2.24 mm y el peso total promedio de 0.16 ± 0.05 g. En los indeterminados la longitud total promedio fue 12.27 ± 3.41 mm y un peso total promedio de 0.026 ± 0.027 g. La relación longitud total-peso total para toda la población se rigió por la ecuación P = 6 x 10-5 Lt3.3272 (r² = 0.9613). El índice de condición para hembras se rigió por la ecuación K= 25.755 e0.004Lt (r² = 0.8925), con un promedio de 31.29 ± 0.55 y para machos por la ecuación K= 26.767e 0.003Lt (r² =0.907), con un promedio de 28.52 ± 0.19. La talla al momento de la primera reproducción para machos fue de 20.00 mm de Lt y para las hembras de 23.5 mm</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>length</kwd>
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<kwd>condition index</kwd>
<kwd>Poeciliidae</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hábitos alimentarios del pargo mancha Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) en Los Cóbanos y Puerto La Libertad, El Salvador</article-title>
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<institution>,Naranjo  </institution>
<addr-line>Alajuela </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
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<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>170</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A total of 175 spotted snapper Lutjanus guttatus were collected monthly in the Los Cobanos and Puerto La Libertad, El Salvador, from January to December 2000 to determine its feeding habits. The fishes studied ranged 9.8 - 58.0 cm in total length. Were collected using pushnet and hook and line. This snapper is a bentonic opportunistic carnivorous predator. The total biomass of the stomach contents was 260.5 g. Crustaceans (Squillidae, Portunidae, Dynomenidae, Penaeidae, Sicyoniidae, Callianassidae), were the most abundant group; they accounted for 50.4% of the total biomass. Numerically, Portunus asper was the most abundant prey. Ontogenic differences were observed in the diet. In juveniles (16 cm TL), at any time of the year, the most frequent and abundant components were crustaceans and in adults were crustaceans, fishes and mollusks. The relative importance of different components of the diet was assessed with two indexes that combine, in different ways, percentage frequency of occurrence, percentage number and percentage weight of prey categories. The commercial use this resource and the absence of management strategies are discussed</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se determinaron los hábitos alimentarios del pargo mancha Lutjanus guttatus a partir de 175 ejemplares (9.8 y 58.0 cm LT), recolectados entre enero y diciembre del 2000 en Los Cóbanos y Puerto La Libertad, El Salvador. L. guttatus es un depredador carnívoro oportunista bentónico. La biomasa total fue de 260.5g. Los crustáceos, representados por seis familias (Squillidae, Portunidae, Dynomenidae, Penaeidae, Sicyoniidae, Callianassidae), constituyeron el 50.4% de la biomasa total. Numéricamente, la especie que más consumió el pargo mancha fue Portunus asper. Especimenes menores de 16 cm LT consumen preferentemente crustáceos. Después de los 24 cm y hasta los 44 cm el espectro alimenticio se ve diversificado con la inclusión de peces y moluscos. El 59.5% de los estómagos contenían restos (escamas, exoesqueletos y rostros de camarones) con una biomasa de 47.8 g. Se discute sobre la importancia comercial de este recurso y de la ausencia de una estrategia de manejo</p></abstract>
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<institution>,University of Ibadan Department of Zoology Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit</institution>
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<institution>,Olabisi Onabanjo University Biological Sciences Department </institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), often used as indicator of environmental stress, was evaluated in gill rakers and filaments of Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria. Mean length and weight of 13.68+1.28 cm and 59.40+17.48 g were respectively recorded. The gill rakers (t = -0.919) and filaments (t = -1.150) from both sides were not significantly different. The gill filaments recorded (0.31+2.42) higher incidence of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) compared with the gill rakers (0.21+1.58), signifying developmental interference in the population. Fish size and sex were observed to exert minimal influence on FA</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), often used as indicator of environmental stress, was evaluated in gill rakers and filaments of Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria. Mean length and weight of 13.68+1.28 cm and 59.40+17.48 g were respectively recorded. The gill rakers (t = -0.919) and filaments (t = -1.150) from both sides were not significantly different. The gill filaments recorded (0.31+2.42) higher incidence of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) compared with the gill rakers (0.21+1.58), signifying developmental interference in the population. Fish size and sex were observed to exert minimal influence on FA</p></abstract>
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<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Coexistencia de Lutjanus peru y Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) en la costa de Guerrero, México: relación con la variación temporal en el reclutamiento</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chiappa-Carrara</surname>
<given-names>Xavier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rojas-Herrera</surname>
<given-names>Agustín A.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mascaró</surname>
<given-names>Maite</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Unidad de Investigación en Ecología Marina </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Escuela Superior de Ecología Marina </institution>
<addr-line>Guerrero </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Ecología y Biología Marina Experimental</institution>
<addr-line>Campeche </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>185</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Monthly volumes of capture of Lutjanus peru and Lutjanus guttatus from the coast of Guerrero, Mexico, were analyzed considering eight annual cycles. Time-series, auto correlation, and cross-correlation analysis showed that monthly abundance of populations display unsystematic variations. The FiSAT software was used to obtain the recruitment patterns of both species, using length-frequency data. Our results support the hypothesis that temporal phase-shifts in reproductive events, hence recruitment, explain the coexistence of these species. The outcome of this mechanism is a temporal succession of specific recruit abundance off the coasts of Guerrero, Mexico. The uncoupling of the recruitment events between these species, induces a separation of recruits; therefore, the intake of a particular set of preys could take place at different times</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se realizó un análisis de series de tiempo, de autocorrelación y de correlación cruzada, para el estudio de ocho ciclos anuales de variación en los volúmenes de captura de Lutjanus peru y L. guttatus, en la costa de Guerrero, México. Sobre la base de datos de distribución de frecuencias de tallas mensuales, se estimaron los patrones de reclutamiento, empleando el paquete de programas FiSAT. Las capturas de las poblaciones de L. peru y L. guttatus variaron sin presentar un patrón anual bien definido. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que el desfase temporal de los eventos reproductivos y, por lo tanto, del reclutamiento, explica la coexistencia de estas especies. La resultante de este mecanismo se ve reflejada en términos de una sucesión temporal de la abundancia de los reclutas de L. peru y L. guttatus en el litoral de Guerrero, lo cual conduce también a una segregación de los reclutas, provocando que el consumo de un mismo tipo de presas ocurra en periodos alternos</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>coexistence</kwd>
<kwd>recruitment</kwd>
<kwd>Lutjanus guttatus</kwd>
<kwd>Lutjanus peru</kwd>
<kwd>Guerrero</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad, abundancia y conjuntos ictiofaunísticos del sistema lagunar-estuarino Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México</article-title>
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<country>México</country>
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<institution>,UAM Depto. El Hombre y su Ambiente Lab. Ecología y Pesquerías</institution>
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<month>03</month>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In the Chantuto-Panzacola system, Chiapas, México, a study of a fish community was carried out between March and November of 1997. From a total of 1 456 fish collected, 31 species, 25 genera and 19 families had been identified. The diversity and abundance were high in March with H’= 2.67 bits/ind, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomass 1.88 g/m² , density 0.25 ind/m 2 and average weight 7.55 g/ind. Significant differences were found between the ecological parameters and the environmental variables of the ecosystem in the months of study (ANOVA and Tukey, p&lt;0.05). The multiple discriminant analysis showed that the temperature and the salinity was the most important factors in the variation of the community. The frequency analysis and spatial distribution of the fish allowed to define fish assemblages formed by several groups of species that inhabits the system. Nine dominant species were defined for the ecosystem, representing the 71% in number and the 76.4% in weight of the total catch, Achirus mazatlanus, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon and Lile gracilis</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En el sistema lagunar-estuarino Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México, fue realizado un estudio ictiofaunístico entre marzo y noviembre de 1997. De un total de 1 456 peces recolectados, se identificaron 31 especies, 25 géneros y 19 familias. La diversidad y abundancia presentaron sus valores más altos en el mes de marzo con H’ = 2.67 bits, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomasa 1.88 g/m² , densidad 0.25 ind/m² y peso promedio 7.55 g/ind. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (ANOVA y Tukey, p&lt;0.05) entre los parámetros ecológicos y las variables ambientales del ecosistema en los meses de estudio. El análisis discriminante múltiple, mostró que la temperatura y la salinidad son los factores más importantes en la variación de la comunidad. La frecuencia de aparición y distribución espacial de los peces, permitió definir conjuntos ictiofauníticos formados por diferentes grupos de peces que habitan el sistema. Se definieron nueve especies dominantes para el ecosistema, representando el 71% en número y el 76% en peso de la captura total. Estas especies son Achirus mazatlanus, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon y Lile gracilis</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Diversity</kwd>
<kwd>abundance</kwd>
<kwd>discriminant analysis</kwd>
<kwd>fish assemblages</kwd>
<kwd>Chantuto-Panzacola system</kwd>
<kwd>Chiapas</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura trófica de la asociación de peces intermareales de la costa rocosa del norte de Chile</article-title>
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<institution>,Universidad Arturo Prat Departamento de Ciencias del Mar </institution>
<addr-line>Iquique </addr-line>
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<month>03</month>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The trophic relationships of 13 intertidal fish species collected in northern Chile (20°18’S and 20°54’S) from July 1997 to July 1998, the stomach content analysis of 820 specimens, were investigated. The importance of the prey items was assessed by means of gravimetric and frequency of ocurrence methods, together with the Shannon-Wiener (trophic diversity) and Pianka (trophic overlap) indexes. The results allowed to recognize a fish assemblage composed of: 46% of carnivorous species, preying mainly on porcelain crabs, polichaetes and minor crustaceans; 23% of herviborous species, preying mainly on chlorophitic algae; 31% of omnivorous species, preying mainly on chlorophitic algae, Copepoda and Gastropoda. The carnivorous fishes Cheilodactylus variegatus, Helcogrammoides chilensis, Labrisomus philippii and the omnivorous Oplegnatus insignis showed euriphagic tendencies (&gt;2.0 bits), however, the major trophic overlap (&gt;0.90) was observed among herbivorous and omnivorous fishes. Finally, the increase of fish species towards lower latitudes and the increase of herbivory and omnivory levels in the rocky intertidal shore were analyzed</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se analizaron las interacciones tróficas de 13 especies de peces intermareales, recolectadas en la región norte de Chile (20°18’S y 20°54’S) durante el período julio 1997 a julio 1998, a partir del contenido estomacal de 820 especímenes. La importancia de los ítemes presa, fue valorada a través de los métodos de frecuencia de aparición y gravimétrico y los índices de Shannon-Wiener (diversidad trófica) y Pianka (sobreposición trófica). Los resultados permitieron reconocer una asociación íctica compuesta por 46% de especies carnívoras, consumidoras principalmente de crustáceos porcelánidos, poliquetos y crustáceos menores, 23% de especies herbívoras, consumidoras mayoritariamente de algas clorófitas, feófitas y cianófitas y 31% de especies omnívoras, consumidoras principalmente de algas clorófitas, copépodos y gastrópodos. Los peces carnívoros Cheilodactylus variegatus, Helcogrammoides chilensis y Labrisomus philippii y el omnívoro Oplegnatus insignis registraron una tendencia a la eurifágia (H &gt;2.0 bits), sin embargo la mayor superposicion trófica (&gt;0.90) se observó entre los peces herbívoros y omnívoros. Finalmente se analizó el incremento de especies ícticas hacia latitudes bajas, y el aumento de los niveles de herbivoría y omnivoría en el intermareal rocoso</p></abstract>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100028</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Rediscovery of Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi (Anura: Centrolenidae) in southeastern Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kubicki</surname>
<given-names>Brian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Costa Rican Amphibian Research Center  </institution>
<addr-line>Limón Province </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>214</fpage>
<lpage>218</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The Suretka glass frog, Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi, has been recently rediscovered in the south-eastern region of Costa Rica. This species was last reported in Costa Rica in the 1950’s. H. chirripoi is distinguished from H. colymbiphyllum, which appears to be its most closely Costa Rican related taxon, by having extensive webbing between fingers II-III</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La rana de vidrio de Suretka, Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi, fue redescubierta recientamente en la región sureste de Costa Rica. Esta especie fue reportada por última vez en Costa Rica en los años cincuentas. H. Chirripoi puede ser distinguida de H. colymbiphyllum, la rana de vidrio costarricense a la que más se le asemeja, por la presencia de membranas extensivas entre dedos II-III</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Anura</kwd>
<kwd>Centrolenidae</kwd>
<kwd>Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>glass frog</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100029</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Description of the previously unknown tadpole of Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum (Anura: Centrolenidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
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</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Investigación y Asistencia Agrícola  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>228</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Egg clutches of the centrolenid Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum were sampled in four lowland locations of Costa Rica. The ontogenesis of the tadpoles of this species is documented by periodical descriptions of the larval stages. Larvae of H. pulveratum change their shape during development because of the non-equal growth of some body parts. Due to these changes the larvae in early stages of development differ considerably to those from later stages. Young larvae have a nearly circular cross-section, whereas later larval stages change to a typical flat shape. Some further morphological characteristics like width of the interorbital distance and the oral disk width change but not proportional to larvae length. Numerous measurements on different larval sizes help to recognize the larvae of H. pulveratum in all stages. The striking bright red hyobranchial sinus is the conspicuous characteristic feature ventrally of the hyobranchial apparatus. The use of allometric values for taxonomic and ontogenetic studies is discussed</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Masas de huevos de la rana centrolénida Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum fueron recolectados en cuatro localidades de las tierras bajas de Costa Rica. La ontogénesis de los renacuajos de esta especie está documentada por descripciones periódicas de los estadios larvales. La larva de H. pulveratum cambia sus proporciones anatómicas durante el desarrollo debido al crecimiento desigual de algunas partes del cuerpo. Debido a estos cambios las larvas en los estadios tempranos del desarrollo difieren considerablemente de aquellos de los estadios tardíos. Las larvas jóvenes tienen un corte transversal casi circular, mientras que las larvas mayores cambian a la forma plana típica. Algunas otras características morfológicas como el ancho de la distancia interorbital y el ancho del disco oral cambian pero no proporcionalmente con la longitud de la larva. Mediciones numerosas de los diferentes tamaños larvales ayudan a reconocer las larvas de H. pulveratum en todos los estadíos. La característica ventral más conspicua es el sino hiobranquial rojo y brillante que cubre ventralmente el aparato hiobranquial. Se discute el uso de valores alométricos y de los estudios ontogénicos</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Centrolenidae</kwd>
<kwd>Hyalinobatrachium</kwd>
<kwd>Tadpole</kwd>
<kwd>Larvae</kwd>
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<kwd>Anatomy</kwd>
<kwd>Allometry</kwd>
<kwd>Ontogenesis</kwd>
<kwd>First description</kwd>
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<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
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<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
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<given-names>Juan Manuel</given-names>
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<given-names>Vivian</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Fundación Neotrópicos  </institution>
<addr-line>Medellín </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Antioquia Corporación Ambiental </institution>
<addr-line>Medellín </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Antioquia Instituto de Biología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>229</fpage>
<lpage>238</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We studied the reproductive ecology of the slider turtle, Trachemys scripta callirostris, during the reproductive season of the year 2000, in an area of the Mompós Depression, northern Colombia. We examined the number of nests ovoposited in locations with different characteristics, their hatching success rates and the natural causes of egg mortality. We also determined the effects of exploitation of nesting females, in two populations with different levels of harvesting. The results showed that the majority of nests were laid along bodies of water, in the first 20 m of the shoreline, in sites with substrates of moderate humidity, sand and clayish texture, covered by creeping vegetation. Invertebrates produced the greatest mortality in the nests. Hatching success was high, compared to other reports for this species. Only in the site with the highest hunting pressure, a negative correlation was found, between the harvest rate and the time elapsed since the start of the nesting period, suggesting that the excessive extraction decreased the number of nesting females. Also, the females from the highly exploited site were significantly smaller than those from the less exploited site. The females, neonates and nests of the entire area, exhibited sizes below that reported for other tropical populations of the genus. The continued hunting pressure in northern Colombia, appears to be a factor that has altered the structure and population dynamics of T. scripta callirostris</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudió la ecología reproductiva de la tortuga icotea, Trachemys scripta callirostris, durante la estación reproductiva del 2000, en una localidad de la Depresión Momposina, al norte de Colombia. Se examinó el número de nidos en áreas con características diferentes, el éxito de eclosión y las causas de mortalidad natural de los huevos. Se determinó el efecto de la explotación sobre las poblaciones de hembras anidantes en dos localidades con diferentes tasas de cacería. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor cantidad de nidos se encontraron entre los primeros 20 m, a partir de la orilla de los cuerpos de agua, en sitios con sustratos de humedad moderada y textura limoso-arenosa, cubiertos con vegetación rastrera. Los invertebrados produjeron la mayor mortalidad en las nidadas. El éxito de eclosión de la población estudiada fue mayor en comparación con otros informes de la misma especie. En el sitio que presenta mayor presión de caza se encontró una correlación negativa entre la tasa de cacería y los días transcurridos desde el inicio de la temporada de anidación, lo que probablemente se deba a que la extracción excesiva disminuye la cantidad de hembras anidantes hacia el fin de la temporada. Las hembras del sitio con mayor explotación, presentaron una talla significativamente menor con relación a las del sitio con menor caza. Las hembras, neonatos y nidadas de toda la zona, mostraron menor tamaño que las de otras poblaciones tropicales del mismo género. La prolongada presión de caza en el norte de Colombia parece ser un factor de alteración de la estructura y la dinámica poblacional de T. scripta callirostris</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Testudinata</kwd>
<kwd>Emydidae</kwd>
<kwd>Trachemys scripta callirostris</kwd>
<kwd>nesting</kwd>
<kwd>reproductive success</kwd>
<kwd>hunting</kwd>
<kwd>Colombia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100031</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of Dipsas (Squamata: Colubridae) from Guyana</article-title>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<given-names>Amy</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology  </institution>
<addr-line>Toronto </addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>247</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A new species of Dipsas is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The new species is characterised by 15 dorsal scale rows with the middorsal row slightly enlarged, four pairs of chinshields with the first pair elongate, elongate loreal entering orbit, one preocular, six upper labials, and head narrow anteriorly, increasing in width posteriorly. It could not be determined to which of Peters’ (1960) species groups the new species belongs. The new species is known only from 1490 m elevation on Mount Ayanganna, a tepui in the Guiana Shield, where it was found in high-tepui low-canopy habitat, in bromeliads or branches. This is the first record of Dipsas as a member of the Guiana Shield high-tepui herpetofauna</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe una nueva especie del género Dipsas de las montañas Pakaraima de Guyana. Esta se caracteriza por presentar 15 hileras de escamas dorsales con las escamas de la hilera vertebral ligeramente agrandadas, cuatro pares de escudos geneiales con el primer par elongado, loreal elongado y en contacto con la órbita, una escama preocular, seis labiales superiores y la cabeza angosta en la partie anterior y más ancha posteriormente. No se determino su ubicación de acuerdo a los grupos de especies de Peters (1960). La nueva especie solo es conocida a 1490 m.s.n.m. en el monte Ayanganna, un tepuy del Escudo Guayanés, en bosque de baja altura, dentro de bromelias o sobre ramas. Es el primer informe del género Dipsas como miembro de la fauna altotepuyana del Escudo Guayanés</p></abstract>
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<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd>Guyana</kwd>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100032</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mamíferos de la Reserva de la Biosfera &quot;La Sepultura&quot;, Chiapas, México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Espinoza Medinilla</surname>
<given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cruz</surname>
<given-names>Epigmenio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lira</surname>
<given-names>Iván</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto de Historia Natural y Ecología  </institution>
<addr-line>Chiapas </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad del Mar - Campus Puerto Escondido  </institution>
<addr-line>Oaxaca </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>249</fpage>
<lpage>259</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A species list was elaborated for La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico. Line transects and direct observations were made, national and international databases were consulted, and animal traces were registered. Animals were captured during the period May 1994 - December 1999. A total of 848 specimen (248 furs and skulls), 32 tracks in plaster, and 9 osseous fragments were collected. A total of 98 species, 70 genera, 29 families, and 10 orders compose the species list. Of these species 87.7% belong to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Carnivora and 21 species were classified according to some kind of legal protection. These data represent a solid and actualized database useful for designing management and conservation plans for this Biosphere Reserve</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Con el objeto de conocer la riqueza de mamíferos de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura, fue elaborado un listado de especies para esta área natural protegida. Através de transectos lineales, donde se realizaron observaciones directas, búsqueda de rastros y captura de ejemplares, durante el periodo de mayo de 1994 a diciembre de 1999, además de la revisión de bases de datos nacionales y extranjeras; con registros de esta localidad, se pudo recolectar 848 especimenes (248 pieles y cráneos), 32 huellas en molde de yeso y nueve fragmentos óseos. Se obtuvo un listado compuesto de 98 especies, 70 géneros, 29 familias y 10 órdenes. El 86.7 % de estas especies pertenecen a los órdenes Chiroptera, Rodentia y Carnivora. Por lo menos 21 especies están clasificadas dentro de alguna categoría de conservación. Los datos obtenidos de este manuscrito son una base sólida y actualizada y pueden ser usados como parte de los planes de manejo y conservación para esta reserva</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Chiapas</kwd>
<kwd>mammals</kwd>
<kwd>México</kwd>
<kwd>La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Infección de fibroblastos de piel de animales con distinto grado de susceptibilidad a Leishmania infantum y Leishmania mexicana (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)</article-title>
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<given-names>Miguel Angel</given-names>
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<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>Misael</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de El Salvador Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Microbiología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>261</fpage>
<lpage>267</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Infection and multiplication of Leishmania infantum and L. mexicana inside of skin fibroblasts from hamsters, mice and rats was achieved. This process was demonstrated either by counting parasites inside the stained cells or by electronic microscopy studies. In addition multiplication rate differences in the cells from these rodent species were determined, for L. infantum as well as for L. mexicana. Parasite development in hamsters and mice fibroblasts was evident but there was not multiplication in rat cells showing that apparently they are refractory to Leishmania infection. These results suggest that the parasite affinity for each animal, as well as any intracellular environment resistance, could involve genetic factors in the parasite multiplication. On the other hand, presence of amastigote multiplication inside of parasitophorus vacuole, showed by electronic microscopy images, probes a true parasite transformation. Therefore it is suggested that fibroblasts could work as host cells for parasite survival and permanency in the infected animals</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este estudio se presenta un modelo in vitro de cultivo de fibroblastos de piel de hámster, ratón y rata hecho con el propósito de determinar diferencias en cuanto a la susceptibilidad a la infección por dos especies del género Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). Se realizó además un estudio ultraestructural por microscopía electrónica de transmisión con el fin de establecer si las formas intracelulares observadas correspondían a multiplicación interna o a fagocitosis múltiple. Se estudió la multiplicación de los parásitos en los fibroblastos de las tres especies de roedores infectados tanto por Leishmania infantum como por L. mexicana (cepa OCR) y las diferencias entre las tres fueron estadísticamente significativas (p&lt; &amp;#61472;0.05). Se observó la reproducción del parásito en las células de hámster y ratón no así en las de rata, razón por la cual a este último animal se le consideró refractario a la infección. Con base en lo anterior se sugiere que la afinidad de un protozoario por las células de un individuo así como la resistencia al ambiente intracelular pueden depender de la constitución genética de este. El análisis ultraestructural demostró la reproducción de los amastigotos dentro de vacuolas parasitóforas por lo que se descarta que la presencia de estos se deba a su transformación luego de la entrada al fibroblasto. Se sugiere entonces que dichas células podrían servir para la supervivencia del parásito y la permanencia de este parásito en los animales infectados</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Trypanosomatidae</kwd>
<kwd>Leishmania</kwd>
<kwd>cell culture</kwd>
<kwd>fibroblasts</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000100034</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diterpenos y otros constituyentes de Croton hirtus (Euphorbiaceae)</article-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Química y Centro de Investigación de Productos Naturales (CIPRONA) </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Technical University of Berlin Institute of Organic Chemistry </institution>
<addr-line>Berlin </addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>269</fpage>
<lpage>285</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The roots of Croton hirtus (Euphorbiaceae) collected in Paraiso, Cartago (Costa Rica) afforded, in addition to the few known metabolites, 20 new compounds: the bis-nor dolabradane 1, the dolabradanes 2 and 3, the kauranes 4-7, the cyclopropakauranes 8 and 9, the hirtusanes 10-15, the germacradiene esters 16-18 and the C-25 compound 21, presumably formed by a Diels-Alder reaction between compound 18 and a monoterpene. All structures were elucidated using high field 1D and 2D NMR techniques. MS fragmentation patterns are here reported. The absolute configurations of 4 and 9 were elucidated by using circular dichroism. The separation was performed with modern chromatographic technics</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>De las raices de Croton hirtus (Euphorbiaceae), recolectadas en Paraiso de Cartago (Costa Rica) se aislaron, a parte de unos pocos compuestos conocidos, 20 compuestos que no habían sido publicados antes, el bisnordolabradano 1, los dolabradanes 2 y 3, los kauranes 4-7, cyclopropakauranos 8 y 9, los hirtusanos 10-15, los ésteres de germacreno 16-18, los elemanos 19 y 20 y un compuesto C-25, 21, el cual es formado presumiblemente por una reacción de Diels-Alder entre el compuesto 18 y un monoterpeno. Todas las estructuras fueron elucidadas con la utilización de técnicas de RMN de una y dos dimensiones. Los patrones de fraccionamiento de los compuestos nuevos también se registran. Las separaciones fueron llevadas a cabo con técnicas cromatográficas modernas</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Croton hirtus</kwd>
<kwd>Euphorbiaceae</kwd>
<kwd>diterpenes</kwd>
<kwd>kauranes</kwd>
<kwd>3</kwd>
<kwd>18-cyclopropakaurane</kwd>
<kwd>hirtusane</kwd>
<kwd>sesquiterpenes</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The potential role of the fungi, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere, in the production of extracellular and intracellular acid and alkaline phosphatase, was evaluated in vitro. Acid and alkaline extracellular phosphatases showed the highest activities, and the Penicillium species were the most efficient in their production. The correlation analysis showed that extracellular acid and intracellular acid phosphatase produced by Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Penicillium sp. y P. brevicompactum were negatively correlated; while the extracellular and intracellular phosphatase activities, were positively correlated. The extracellular acid phosphatase activities produced in vitro by majority of fungi assayed, were not correlated with the acid phosphatase activity present in the peanut soil rhizosphere. Nevertheless, the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activities produced in vitro, were negatively correlated with the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activities present in the rhizosphere. The ability of phosphatase production by fungi isolated from peanut rhizosphere suggests they have great potential to contribute to the P mineralization in this zone</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El papel potencial de los hongos aislados de la rizosfera del maní, en la producción de fosfatasas ácidas y alcalinas extracelulares e intracelulares, fue evaluado in vitro. Las fosfatasas ácidas y alcalinas extracelulares, mostraron la mayor actividad y las especies de Penicillium fueron las más eficientes en su producción. Los análisis de correlación mostraron que las fosfatasas ácidas extracelulares e intracelulares producidas por A. niger, A. terreus, Penicillium sp. y P. brevicompactum se correlacionaron negativamente entre sí; mientras que las actividades de las fosfatasas alcalinas extracelulares e intracelulares, se correlacionaron positivamente. Las actividades de las fosfatasas ácidas extracelulares, producidas in vitro por la mayoría de los hongos ensayados, no se correlacionaron con la actividad de la fosfatasa ácida presente en la rizosfera del maní; sin embargo, las actividades de las fosfatasas alcalinas extracelulares producidas in vitro, se correlacionaron negativamente con las actividades de las fosfatasas alcalinas presentes en la rizosfera. La capacidad de producción de fosfatasas, por parte de los hongos aislados de la rizosfera del maní, sugiere el gran potencial de los mismos para contribuir a la mineralización del P en esta zona</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Arachis hypogaea</kwd>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000100036</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Composición del contenido de ácidos grasos en tres poblaciones mexicanas de Artemia franciscana de aguas epicontinentales</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Malpica Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>Aída</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro Barrera</surname>
<given-names>Thalía</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sandoval Trujillo</surname>
<given-names>Horacio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro Mejía</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Lara Andrade</surname>
<given-names>Ramón</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro Mejía</surname>
<given-names>Germán</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco </institution>
<addr-line> México D.F.</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>297</fpage>
<lpage>300</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper is presented the percentage of fatty acids composition of three Artemia franciscana Mexican populations of epicontinentals waters; two are from natural environments (Coahuila and San Luis Potosí) and one (Texcoco) is a culture fed with Spirulina. Determination of fatty acids composition in each population, was performed by extraction of total lipid by the soxhlet method and the fatty acids methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography. The results show that Artemia of Texcoco contains the six fatty acids recommended for the culture of fish and crustaceans (16:0; 16:1; 18:1; 18:2w6; 18:3w3 and 20:5w3); Artemia from San Luis Potosí showed the poorest content in these acids and Artemia from Coahuila, although it showed a wide profile, it lacks the linolenic acid. When comparing results among the three populations with ecological data that have been published, it can be pointed out that the environment is decisive for this crustacean; Artemia from Texcoco fed with Spirulina showed the largest variety of fatty acids; the other two populations are wild, and lives in different habitats, Artemia of Coahuila is found in waters that are rich in sulfates and Artemia of San Luis Potosí lives in evaporation saltern ponds, built with stone blocks and therefore with scarce phytoplankton growth. Both Artemia populations showed deficiencies in essential fatty acids, mainly the last one</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este trabajo se presenta la composición y el porcentaje de ácidos grasos de tres poblaciones mexicanas de Artemia franciscana de aguas epicontinentales; dos provienen de lugares silvestres (Coahuila y San Luis Potosí) y una (Texcoco) de un cultivo alimentado con Spirulina. Para la determinación de los ácidos grasos de cada población se extrajeron los lípidos totales por el método soxhlet y se esterificaron los ácidos grasos; posteriormente, mediante cromatografía de gases se determinó la composición y el porcentaje de los mismos. Los resultados muestran que la población de Texcoco contiene los seis ácidos grasos relevantes para peces y crustáceos en la acuicultura (16:0; 16:1; 18:1; 18:2w6; 18:3w3 y 20:5w3); mientras que la Artemia de San Luis Potosí resultó ser la más pobre en estos ácidos y la población de Coahuila, aunque mostró un perfil amplio, carece del ácido linolénico, ácido esencial y precursor de otros. Al comparar estos resultados, con datos ecológicos de estas tres poblaciones publicados previamente, se puede señalar que el ambiente es determinante para este crustáceo ya que Artemia de Texcoco provenía de un cultivo alimentado con Spirulina y fue la población que mostró mayor variedad de ácidos grasos. Las otras dos poblaciones son silvestres, con hábitats diferentes, la Artemia de Coahuila vive en aguas ricas en sulfatos y la de San Luis Potosí habita en vasos evaporadores de sal construidos con piedra de cantera y por lo tanto con escaso crecimiento de fitoplancton, ambas poblaciones mostraron deficiencias de ácidos grasos esenciales, sobre todo ésta última</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Fatty acids composition</kwd>
<kwd>Artemia</kwd>
<kwd>live food supply</kwd>
<kwd>aquiculture</kwd>
<kwd>nutritional quality</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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