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<articles>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442004000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Checklist of the helminth parasites of vertebrates in Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Ortíz</surname>
<given-names>Beatriz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García-Prieto</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Ponce de León</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Laboratorio de Helmintología</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,UNAM Instituto de Biología Laboratorio de Helmintología</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>313</fpage>
<lpage>354</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Helminth parasites of vertebrates have been studied in Costa Rica for more than 50 years. Survey work on this group of parasites is far from complete. We assembled a database with all the records of helminth parasites of wild and domestic vertebrates in Costa Rica. Information was obtained from different sources such as literature search (all published accounts) and parasite collections. Here we present a checklist with a parasite-host list as well as a host-parasite list. Up to now, 303 species have been recorded, including 81 species of digeneans, 23 monogeneans, 63 cestodes, 12 acanthocephalans, and 124 nematodes. In total, 108 species of vertebrates have been studied for helminths in Costa Rica (31 species of fishes, 7 amphibians, 14 reptiles, 20 birds, and 36 mammals). This represents only 3.8% of the vertebrate fauna of Costa Rica since about 2,855 species of vertebrates occur in the country. Interestingly, 58 species (19.1 %) were recorded as new species from Costa Rica and most of them are endemic to particular regions. Considering the valuable information that parasites provide because it is synergistic with all the information about the natural history of the hosts, helminth parasites of vertebrates in Costa Rica should be considered within any initiatives to accomplish the national inventory of biological resources. Starting with this compilation work, the Colección de Helmintos de Costa Rica (CHCR), hosted at the Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, has reemerged and it is our hope that it will have the standards of quality to assure that it will become the national depository of helminths in the country</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los helmintos de vertebrados silvestres y domésticos han sido estudiados por más de 50 años en Costa Rica; sin embargo, la información sobre los mismos se encuentra dispersa en diversas fuentes. Con el fin de recopilar dicha información, construimos una base de datos que contiene gran parte de los registros sobre helmintos de vertebrados silvestres y domésticos descritos para Costa Rica; éstos fueron obtenidos a partir de búsquedas bibliográficas electrónicas y de consultas a colecciones parasitológicas, conformando un listado que contiene 303 especies, incluyendo 81 especies de digéneos, 23 de monogéneos, 63 de céstodos, 12 de acantocéfalos y 124 de nematodos. Tales registros proceden del estudio de 108 especies de vertebrados (31 especies de peces, 7 anfibios, 14 reptiles, 20 aves y 36 mamíferos), lo cual representa únicamente el 3.8% de la fauna de vertebrados pues en el país se han descrito aproximadamente 2,855 especies. De manera interesante, 58 de las 303 especies (19.1%) que han sido registradas representan especies nuevas y, en su mayoría endémicas. Dado que los parásitos aportan información relevante sobretodo cuando se conjunta de manera sinergística con aquella obtenida de la historia natural de los hospederos a los que parasitan, consideramos que los helmintos parásitos deben ser incorporados en las iniciativas para completar el inventario biológico nacional. Este trabajo de compilación representa el primer paso para la re-constitución de la Colección de Helmintos de Costa Rica (CHCR), albergada por la escuela de Microbiología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, que de alcanzar y mantener los estándares internacionales de calidad necesarios, deberá convertirse en el depositario nacional de los helmintos de este país</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Helminths</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>Biodiversity</kwd>
<kwd>Biological inventories</kwd>
<kwd>Parasites</kwd>
<kwd>Vertebrates</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
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<article-id>S0034-77442004000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Addendum to the Checklist of the helminth parasites of vertebrates in Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
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<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Ortíz</surname>
<given-names>Beatriz</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<surname>García-Prieto</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<surname>Herrera-Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<name>
<surname>Pérez-Ponce de León</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Laboratorio de Helmintología</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto de Biología Laboratorio de Helmintología </institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>355</fpage>
<lpage>361</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this work, we present an addendum to the &quot;Checklist of the helminth parasites of vertebrates in Costa Rica&quot; with a parasite-host list as well as a host-parasite list. This addendum updates the available information on this group of parasites in Costa Rica, since very recently a new input has been made to describe the helminth fauna of vertebrates, particularly at the Área de Conservación de Guanacaste. In this paper, we add 33 records, representing 23 species. This raises the number of helminth species described in vertebrates from Costa Rica to 325, represented by 89 species of digeneans, 23 of monogeneans, 63 of cestodes, 13 of acanthocephalans, and 137 of nematodes. In total, 133 species of vertebrates have been studied for helminths in Costa Rica (31 species of fishes, 7 amphibians, 18 reptiles, 40 birds, and 37 mammals). Currently, 67 species (20.6 %) have been recorded as new species from Costa Rica and most of them are endemic to particular regions. The Colección de Helmintos de Costa Rica, housed at the Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San José, is the depositary of only 23% of the species recorded so far; however this situation is changing and people recognizes</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este trabajo presentamos una addenda al &quot;Listado de helmintos parásitos de vertebrados de Costa Rica&quot;. Esta addenda actualiza la información disponible acerca de este grupo de parásitos en dicho país, cuyo estudio recientemente ha tomado un nuevo impulso. En este trabajo, se adicionan 33 registros, representando 23 especies. Lo anterior eleva el número de especies de helmintos parásitos de vertebrados de Costa Rica registrado hasta ahora a 325: 89 especies de digéneos, 23 de monogéneos, 63 de céstodos, 13 de acantocéfalos, y 137 de nemátodos. En total, 133 especies de vertebrados han sido estudiadas en busca de helmintos en Costa Rica (31 especies de peces, 7 de anfibios, 18 de reptiles, 40 de aves, y 37 de mamíferos). Hasta la fecha, 67 especies (20.6 %) fueron descritas como nuevas en Costa Rica y muchas de ellas son endémicas a una región particular. La Colección de Helmintos de Costa Rica, localizada en la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) en San José, resguarda material de únicamente el 23% de las especies registradas para el país, pero afortunadamente esto está cambiando actualmente</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Helminths</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>Biodiversity</kwd>
<kwd>Biological inventories</kwd>
<kwd>Parasites</kwd>
<kwd>Vertebrates</kwd>
<kwd>Helmintos</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>Biodiversidad</kwd>
<kwd>Inventarios biológicos</kwd>
<kwd>Parásitos</kwd>
<kwd>Vertebrados</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of Microphallus (Trematoda: Microphallidae) from Venezuela</article-title>
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<institution>,Universidad de Oriente Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas </institution>
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<country>Venezuela</country>
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<institution>,Universidad de Oriente Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela </institution>
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<country>Venezuela</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
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<year>2004</year>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>During 1997-1999, a total of 94 crabs, Uca rapax were collected from La Sabana, La Ceiba and El Paujil, Sucre State, Venezuela. Of these 36 were infected with metacercariae. Two parasites were located in the abdominal muscles and one under the tissue of carapace and gonad. These metacercariae grew to adults in the following genera: Levinseniella, Microphallus and Maritrema, in the period of 2-5 days after feeding experimentally to the rat Rattus norvegicus, mice Mus musculus and duck Cairinia moschata. Specimens of the genus Microphallus were described herein as a new species M. sabanensis. The life cycle of M. sabanensis sp.nov. were studied experimentally using rat, mice and duck. All developmental stages and the adult are described. In addition, M. sabanensis was collected from wild birds Anas discors, Pluvialis squatarola, Butorides striatus, Egretta caerulea and Nycticorax violaceus from the same localities</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Durante 1997-1999, se recolectaron en La Sabana, La Ceiba y El Paujil del Distrito Cajigal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela, un total de 94 cangrejos Uca rapax, 36 de ellos estaban parasitados con tres especies de metacercarias de digéneos. Dos de ellos localizados en la musculatura del abdomen y una en el tejido que recubre internamente el caparazón y las gónadas. Estas metacercarias fueron dadas como alimento a ratones Mus musculus, ratas Rattus norvegicus, y patos Cairina moschata y tres genéros de microfálidos, Levinseniella, Microphallus y Maritrema fueron recuperados del intestino delgado de estos animales después de 2-5 días de la infección. Especimenes del genero Microphallus de este estudio se describen como Microphallus sabanensis sp.n. Se estudió experimentalmente los aspectos de ciclo vida de la especie, utilizando ratas, ratones y patos. Se describen todas las estapas larvales y los adultos. Además, M. sabanensis se encuentra naturalmente en las aves: Anas discors, Pluvialis squatarola, Butorides striatus, Egretta caerulea y Nycticorax violaceus</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Microphallus sabanensis</kwd>
<kwd>digenetic trematode</kwd>
<kwd>Venezuela</kwd>
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<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Fukuoka Escuela de Medicina Departamento de Parasitología</institution>
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<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología Laboratorio de Helmintología</institution>
<addr-line>México, D.F </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
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<volume>52</volume>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Human gnathostomiasis is a food-born parasitic disease of relative importance in many countries in Southeast Asia. It is caused by several species of nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma. In Mexico is an emerging public health problem since 1970, when first cases were reported. Until today, larval morphometric characters that have been proposed to differentiate between the three species of Gnathostoma present in this country, are not satisfactory. Recently, the presence of advanced third-stage larvae AdvL 3 (infective form for humans) in freshwater fishes from Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco, was recorded but their specific identity was not clarified. Examination of four species of freshwater fishes from the same locality revealed that three of them: Petenia splendida (n=58), Cichlasoma managuense (n=35) and Gobiomorus dormitor (n=9) were infected by 15 AdvL 3 of Gnathostoma binucleatum. Specific identity was obtained comparing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA with sequences reported in Genbank. This is the first record of G. binucleatum in P. splendida and G. dormitor from Tabasco and the first specific determination of the parasite in the locality</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La gnatostomiasis humana se adquiere al ingerir pescado de agua dulce crudo o insuficientemente cocido, infectado con larvas de tercer estadio avanzado (L3A) de nemátodos del género Gnathostoma. En el sureste de Asia, este padecimiento tiene una importancia relativa; en México, se le considera un problema de salud pública emergente desde 1970, cuando fueron registrados los primeros casos. Hasta la fecha, no se han establecido con precisión los caracteres morfométricos para diferenciar las L3A de las tres especies del género distribuidas en este país. Recientemente, se registraron larvas del parásito en peces dulceacuícolas de los Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco, sin definir su identidad específica. El análisis de cuatro especies de peces de la misma localidad reveló que tres de ellos: Petenia splendida (n=58), Cichlasoma managuense (n=35) y Gobiomorus dormitor (n=9), resultaron positivas a la infección por Gnathostoma binucleatum. La identificación del parásito se obtuvo comparando la secuencia del espaciador interno 2 (ITS2) del ADN ribosomal del material de Tabasco, con secuencias disponibles en Genbank. Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de G. binucleatum en P. splendida y G. dormitor de Tabasco y la primera determinación a nivel específico del parásito en la localidad</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Gnathostoma binucleatum</kwd>
<kwd>Gnathostomiasis</kwd>
<kwd>Tabasco</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
<kwd>freshwater fishes</kwd>
<kwd>ITS2</kwd>
<kwd>DNA</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The present study analyses the taxonomic status of eleven species of trichostrongylins that parasitize rodents and lagomorphs deposited in the Colección Nacional de Helmintos, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico. This analysis is based on the morphology of the synlophe, characteristic that had not been studied for most of these nematode species and at present, it has a very important taxonomic value. As a result of this study, the identity of five species is ratified (Trichostrongylus calcaratus, Obeliscoides cuniculi, Carolinensis hue-huetlana, Stilestrongylus peromysci and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis), the transference suggested previously for two more (Vexillata convoluta and Vexillata vexillata) is confirmed, Trichostrongylus chiapensis is synonymized with Boehmiella willsoni, and finally Lamothiella romerolagi is redetermined as Teporingonema cerropela-doensis and Stilestrongylus atlatilpinensis as Stilestrongylus hidalguensis</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El presente trabajo analiza la situación taxonómica de once especies de tricostrongilinos parásitos de roedores y lagomorfos depositadas en la Colección Nacional de Helmintos del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, a partir del estudio del synlophe, rasgo que no había sido estudiado para la mayor parte de este material y al que en la actualidad se le confiere un elevado peso taxonómico. Con base en dicho análisis, se ratifica la identidad de cinco de especies (Trichostrongylus calcaratus, Obeliscoides cuniculi, Carolinensis huehuetlana, Stilestrongylus peromysci y Nippostrongylus brasiliensis), se confirman las transferencias propuestas previamente para dos más (Vexillata convoluta y Vexillata vexillata), se sinonimiza a Trichostrongylus chiapensis con Boehmiella wilsoni, y se redetermina a Lamothiella romerolagi como Teporingonema cerropeladoensis y a Stilestrongylus atlatilpinensis como Stilestrongylus hidalguensis</p></abstract>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper we report endoparasites from a sample of 50 stenodermatine bats collected mainly over lick sites at the Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, westernmost extremity of Amazonian Brazil. Four helminth species were recovered (Hasstilesia tricolor, Vampirolepis elongatus, Cheiropteronema globocephala, and Capillaria sp.), most of them from small intestines. Overall helminth prevalence achieved 26% (13/50) and the more prevalent species was H. tricolor (20%). Previously unknown in bats and reported for the first time in Brazil, this digenetic trematode was found in seven of the 18 bat species studied here. We argue that the drinking behaviour of stenodermatines at lick sites may be implicated in the dissemination of helminth infection among these bats</p></abstract>
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<institution>,UNAM Laboratorio de Ecología </institution>
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<institution>,UNAM Laboratorio de Helmintología </institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Dormitator maculatus (n=184) was collected in the Alvarado Lagoon, Mexico during a year period (Oct. 1993-1994). In the helminthologic review, the presence of Clinostomum complanatum (82.3%), Neoechinorhynchus golvani (76.1%), Spiroxys sp. (21.3 %), and Camallanus sp. (6.2%) was registered. Reduction of the hematocrit caused by such infection is significant (t, &amp;#61472;= 0.05)</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Ejemplares del pez Dormitator maculatus (n=184) fueron recolectado en la laguna de Alvarado, México durante el período de un año (octubre 1993- 1994). El análisis helmintológico permitió registrar la presencia de Clinostomum complanatum (82.3%), Neoechinorhynchus golvani (76.1%), Spiroxys sp. (21.3 %), y Camallanus sp. (6.2%). La redución del hematocrito causada por la infección es estadísticamente significativa (t, &amp;#61472;= 0.05)</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Dormitator</kwd>
<kwd>Helminths</kwd>
<kwd>Clinostomum</kwd>
<kwd>Neoechinorhynchus</kwd>
<kwd>Spiroxys</kwd>
<kwd>Camallanus</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
<kwd>Dormitator</kwd>
<kwd>Helminths</kwd>
<kwd>Clinostomum</kwd>
<kwd>Neoechinorhynchus</kwd>
<kwd>Spiroxys</kwd>
<kwd>Camallanus</kwd>
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