<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<articles>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Crecimiento y producción de metabolitos de la cianobacteria marina Synechococcus sp. (Chroococcales) en función de la irradiancia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosales-Loaiza</surname>
<given-names>Néstor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guevara</surname>
<given-names>Miguel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lodeiros</surname>
<given-names>César</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>Ever</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad del Zulia Facultad Experimental de Ciencias Departamento de Biología</institution>
<addr-line>Maracaibo </addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela Dpto. Biología Pesquera Laboratorio de Acuicultura</institution>
<addr-line>Cumaná </addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>421</fpage>
<lpage>429</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Growth and metabolite production of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. (Chroococcales) in function to irradiance. Changes in salinity, temperature and irradiance during wet and dry seasons have induced metabolic versatility in cyanobacteria from saline environments. Cyanobacteria from these environments have biotechnological potential for the production of metabolites with pharmaceutical and industrial interest. We studied the growth, dry mass and metabolite production of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. MOF-03 in function of irradiance (78, 156 and 234 µmol q m-2 s-1). All batch cultures were maintained by triplicate in constant aeration, 12:12 h photoperiod, 30 ±2ºC and 35‰. Maximum values of protein, carbohydrates and lipids, of 530.19 ±11.16, 408.94 ±4.27 and 56.20 ±1.17 µg ml-1, respectively, were achieved at 78 µmol q m-2 s-1. Pigments, analyzed by HPLC, showed maximum values at 78 µmol q m-2 s-1 for chlorophyll a with 7.72 ±0.16 µg ml-1, and at 234 µmol q m-2 s-1 for ß-carotene and zeaxanthin with 0.70 ±0.01 and 0.67 ±0.05 µg ml-1. Chlorophyll a:ß-carotene ratio decreased from 17.15 to 6.91 at 78 and 234 µmol q m-2 s-1; whereas ß-carotene:zeaxanthin ratio showed no changes between 78 and 156 µmol q m-2 s-1, around 1.21, and decreased at 234 µmol q m-2 s-1, to 1.04. Also, this cyanobacterium produced the greatest cell density and dry mass at 156 µmol q m-2 s-1, with 406.13 ±21.74 x106 cell ml-1 and 1.49 ±0.11 mg ml-1, respectively. Exopolysaccharide production was stable between 156 y 234 µmol q m-2 s-1, around 110 µg ml-1. This Synechococcus strain shows a great potential for the production of enriched biomass with high commercial value metabolites. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 421-429. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las cianobacterias de ambientes salinos presentan una versatilidad metabólica inducida por los cambios de salinidad, temperatura e irradiancia, durante los períodos de sequía y lluvias. Por ello es importante la búsqueda en estos ambientes de cianobacterias con potencial biotecnológico para la producción de metabolitos de interés farmacéutico e industrial. Se reporta el crecimiento, masa seca y producción de metabolitos de la cianobacteria Synechococcus sp. MOF-03 en función de la irradiancia (78, 156 y 234 µmol q m-2 s-1). Los cultivos discontinuos por triplicado, fueron mantenidos con aireación constante, fotoperiodo 12:12 h, 30 ±2ºC y a 35‰. Los máximos valores de proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos de 530.19 ±11.16, 408.94 ±4.27 y 56.20 ±1.17 µg ml-1 respectivamente, fueron obtenidos a 78 µmol q m-2 s-1. Los pigmentos, analizados por HPLC, mostraron los máximos a 78 µmol q m-2 s-1 para clorofila a con 7.72 ±0.16 µg ml-1; y a 234 µmol q m-2 s-1 para ß-caroteno y zeaxantina con 0.70 ±0.01 and 0.67 ±0.05 µg ml-1. La relación clorofila a:ß-caroteno disminuyó de 17.15 hasta 6.91 a 78 y 234 µmol q m-2 s-1; mientras que la relación ß-caroteno:zeaxantina se mantuvo sin cambios entre 78 y 156 µmol q m-2 s-1, con cerca de 1.21 y disminuyó a 234 µmol q m-2 s-1 a 1.04. La cianobacteria produjo la mayor densidad celular y masa seca a 156 µmol q m-2 s-1, con 406.13 ±21.74 x106 cel ml-1 y 1.49 ±0.11 mg ml-1 respectivamente. La producción de exopolisacáridos se mantuvo alrededor de 110 µg ml-1 entre 156 y 234 µmol q m-2 s-1. Así, esta cepa de Synechococcus muestra un gran potencial para la producción de biomasa enriquecida con metabolitos de alto valor comercial.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Cyanobacteria</kwd>
<kwd>biochemical composition</kwd>
<kwd>irradiance</kwd>
<kwd>Synechococcus</kwd>
<kwd>Cianobacteria</kwd>
<kwd>composición bioquímica</kwd>
<kwd>irradiancia</kwd>
<kwd>Synechococcus</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baldía</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nishijima</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hata</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of physico-chemical factors and nutrients on the growth of Spirulina platensis isolated from Lake Kojima, Japan</article-title>
<source>Suisan Gakkaishi Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microalgal Biotechnology and Microbiology</article-title>
<source>Microalgal Biotechnology and Microbiology</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beljanin</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Trenkenšu</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and spectrophotometric characteristics of the blue-green alga Synechococcus elongatus under different temperature and light conditions</article-title>
<source>Arch. Hydrobiol</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ben-Amotz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Avron</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Accumulation of metabolites by halotolerant algae and its industrial potential</article-title>
<source>Ann. Rev. Microbiol</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ben-Amotz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of irradiance and nutrient deficiency on the chemical composition of Dunaliella bardawil Ben-Amotz &amp; Avron (Volvocales, Chlorophyta)</article-title>
<source>J. Plant Physiol</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1131</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Producción, purificación y caracterización de la ficocianina de Synechococcus sp. IO-9201 aislada en aguas de Cuba</article-title>
<source>Producción, purificación y caracterización de la ficocianina de Synechococcus sp. IO-9201 aislada en aguas de Cuba</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borowitzka</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microalgae as a source of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds</article-title>
<source>J. Appl. Phycol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boussiba</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richmond</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">C-phycocianin as storage protein in the blue-green algae Spirulina latensis</article-title>
<source>Arch. Microbiol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>125</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dayanandaa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saradaa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Usha Ranib</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shamalab</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ravishankara</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Autotrophic cultivation of Botryococcus braunii for the production of hydrocarbons and exopolysaccharides in various media</article-title>
<source>Biomass Bioenergy</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Philippis</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vincenzini</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Exocellular polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible applications</article-title>
<source>FEMS Microbiol. Rev</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fábregas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abalde</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrero</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabezas</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Veiga</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth of marine microalgae Tetraselmis suecica in batch cultures with different salinities and nutrient concentration</article-title>
<source>Aquaculture</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garbisu</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blanco</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alkorta</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llama</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Serra</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Biotecnología con cianobacterias</article-title>
<source>Investigación Ciencia</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García-González</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Manzano</surname>
<given-names>J. C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Florencio</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Production of Dunaliella salina biomass rich in 9-cis-ß-carotene and lutein in a closed tubular photobioreactor</article-title>
<source>J. Biotechnol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>115</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giroldo</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vieira</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An extracellular sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharide produced by a tropical strain Cryptomonas obovata (Cryptophyceae)</article-title>
<source>J. Appl. Phycol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gordillo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goutx</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Niell</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of light intensity, CO2 and nitrogen supply on lipid class composition of Dunaliella viridis</article-title>
<source>J. Appl. Phycol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hejazi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wijffels</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Milking microalgae</article-title>
<source>Trends Biotechnol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herbert</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Phipps</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stronoe</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Norris</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribbons</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chemical analysis of microbial cells</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Methods in Microbiology</article-title>
<source>Methods in Microbiology</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Londres </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jeon</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cho</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yun</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Measurement of microalgal photosynthetic activity depending on light intensity and quality</article-title>
<source>Biochem. Engin. J</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kochert</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hellebust</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Craigie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Carbohydrate determination by the phenol-sulfuric acid method</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Handbook of Phycological Methods: Physiological and Biochemical Methods</article-title>
<source>Handbook of Phycological Methods: Physiological and Biochemical Methods</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Komárek</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Anagnostidis</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ettl</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gärtner</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heynig</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mollenhauer</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Cyanoprokaryota: 1. Teil Chroococcales</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Sübwasserflora von Mitteleuropa</article-title>
<source>Sübwasserflora von Mitteleuropa</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Jenna </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gustav Fisher</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Loreto</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosales</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bermúdez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Producción de pigmentos y proteínas de la cianobacteria Anabaena PCC 7120 en relación a la concentración de nitrógeno e irradiancia</article-title>
<source>Gayana Botánica</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lowry</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosenbrough</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Farr</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent</article-title>
<source>J. Biol. Biochem</source>
<year>1951</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>193</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marsh</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weinstein</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Simple charring method for determination of lipids</article-title>
<source>J. Lipid Res</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martín-Trillo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Afloramientos masivos (Blooms) de cianobacterias en los arrozales valencianos: Seguimiento de su desarrollo y caracterización de dos estirpes formadoras</article-title>
<source>Afloramientos masivos (Blooms) de cianobacterias en los arrozales valencianos: Seguimiento de su desarrollo y caracterización de dos estirpes formadoras</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Maseda</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La luz modifica la productividad, la composición y el proteoma de microalgas del género Nannochloropsis</article-title>
<source>La luz modifica la productividad, la composición y el proteoma de microalgas del género Nannochloropsis</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mastala</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herodek</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Balogh</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Borbely</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shafik</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Voeroes</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nutrient requirement and growth of a Synechococcus species isolated from Lake Balaton</article-title>
<source>Inter. Rev. Gesamt. Hydrobiol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>81</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miskiewicz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ivanov</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Falk</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Huner</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Photosynthetic acclimation of the filamentous cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum UTEX 485, to temperature and light</article-title>
<source>Plant Cell Physiol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olivares</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rivas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Exopolysaccharide production by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047 in batch and continuous culture</article-title>
<source>J. Biotechnol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mundt</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kreitlow</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nowotny</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Effmert</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biochemical and pharmacological investigations of selected cyanobacteria</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>203</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nigoyi</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Björkman</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grossman</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The roles of specific xanthophylls in photoprotection</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>94</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paniagua-Michel</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sasson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alveal</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferrario</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sar</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Moléculas de microalgas de importancia económica</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual de Métodos Ficológicos</article-title>
<source>Manual de Métodos Ficológicos</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Concepción </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pirog</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grinberg</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Malashenko</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Strategy of obtaining microbial exopolisaccharides possessing stable preset proprieties</article-title>
<source>Microbiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Romo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth parameters of Pseudanabaena galeata Böcher in culture under different light and temperature conditions</article-title>
<source>Algol. Studies</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosales</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortega</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La salinidad como factor modulador del crecimiento y composición bioquímica de la cianobacteria Synechococcus sp</article-title>
<source>Ciencias Marinas</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rücker</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kohl</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaiser</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Response of carotenoids to variations of growth-limiting factors in three filamentous blue-green algae</article-title>
<source>Algol. Studies</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>77</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shah</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ray</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garg</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Madamwar</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by a marine cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, and its exploitation toward metal removal from solutions</article-title>
<source>Current Microbiol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rohlf</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The principles and practice of statistics in biological research</article-title>
<source>The principles and practice of statistics in biological research</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>W. H. Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tandeau De Marsac</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Houmard</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptation of cyanobacteria to environmental stimuli: new steps towards molecular mechanisms</article-title>
<source>FEMS Microbiol. Rev</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>104</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tischner</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lorenzen</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction in synchronous Chlorella</article-title>
<source>Planta</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>146</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomaselli</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Margheri</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of light on pigments and photosynthetic activity in a phycoerithrinrich strain of Spirulina subsalsa</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Microbial Ecol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Utting</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of nitrogen availability on the biochemical composition of three unicellular marine algae of commercial importance</article-title>
<source>Aquacul. Engin</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>van Rijn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shilo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nitrogen limitation in natural populations of cyanobacteria (Spirulina and Oscillatoria spp.) and its effect on macromolecular synthesis</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ventosa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nieto</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biotechnological applications and potentialities of halophilic microorganism</article-title>
<source>World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vidussi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claustré</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bustillos</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cailliau</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marty</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids of marine phytoplankton: separation of chlorophylls a from divinyl-chlorophyll a and zeaxanthin from lutein</article-title>
<source>J. Plank. Res</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Whitton</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potts</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Whitton</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potts</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Introduction to cyanobacteria</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The ecology of cyanobacteria</article-title>
<source>The ecology of cyanobacteria</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Dordrecht </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Kluwer Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yoon</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shin</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of factors influencing the growth of Anabaena variabilis in a bubble column reactor</article-title>
<source>Characterization of factors influencing the growth of Anabaena variabilis in a bubble column reactor</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yun</surname>
<given-names>Y. S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Development of gas recycling photobioreactor system for microalgal carbon dioxide fixation</article-title>
<source>Korean J. Chem. Eng</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yun</surname>
<given-names>Y. S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Attenuation of monochromatic and polychromatic lights in Chlorella vulgaris suspensions</article-title>
<source>Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contaminación microbiológica y actividad antimicrobiana del azúcar de caña cristalizado sobre algunos agentes de interés médico en Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pujol</surname>
<given-names>Verónica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>Jendry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Evelyn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias</surname>
<given-names>María Laura</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) Facultad de Microbiología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>431</fpage>
<lpage>437</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Microbiological contamination and antimicrobial activity of cristalised cane sugar on some medically important microorganisms in Costa Rica. Unrefined cristalised cane sugar, obtained after the filtration and evaporation of sugar cane juice, is a nutritional product of traditional consumption in Costa Rica and other Neotropical countries. It has been used in the topic treatment of infected wounds, with satisfactory results even with some antibiotic-ressistant bacteria. We studied the microbiological quality of 50 commercial samples. The analyses included total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria plate count; aerobic and anaerobic spore count; mold and yeast count; total and fecal coliforms; and presence of Clostridium botulinum. The antimicrobial effect was tested for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), S. epidermidis (UCR 2902), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116) and Aspergillus niger (Asni 06). Most of the samples (76 %) presented counts lower than 100 CFU/g especially for sporulated forms (90 % lower than 20 CFU/g), the mold and yeast count was higher (38 % higher than 102 CFU/g), demonstrating the importance of these microorganisms in the spoilage of the product; 76 % of the samples presented fecal contamination; C. botulinum was not isolated with the methodology employed. No inhibitory effect was observed for A. niger, but all samples han an inhibitory effect over the other species, especially for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 431-437. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La tapa de dulce o panela es un producto alimenticio de consumo tradicional, típico de países neotropicales, obtenido de la filtración y evaporación del jugo de la caña de azúcar. Además de su uso clásico como endulzante, en Costa Rica y otras partes del mundo se ha utilizado para el tratamiento tópico y empírico de heridas infectadas, con resultados satisfactorios, aún en infecciones por bacterias resistentes a diversos antibióticos. A fin de valorar el riesgo o beneficio de esta práctica, se evaluó la calidad microbiológica de 50 muestras de tapa de dulce de producción nacional obtenidas en trapiches, mercados y supermercados. Se realizaron recuentos bacterianos aerobios y anaerobios, de bacterias esporuladas y no esporuladas y de hongos y levaduras, se determinó el número de coliformes totales y fecales, la presencia de Clostridium botulinum y se evaluó el efecto antimicrobiano de este producto sobre algunos patógenos: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), S. epidermidis (UCR 2902), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116) y Aspergillus niger (Asni 06). La mayoría de las muestras (76%) presentaron recuentos bacterianos menores de 100 UFC/g, especialmente de esporulados (90% menos de 20 UFC/g), y recuentos de hongos y levaduras elevados (20% mayores a 100 UFC/g). Un alto porcentaje de las muestras presentó contaminación fecal (76%, NMP/g desde 3 hasta 460). No se logró aislar C. botulinum en ninguna de las muestras. Todas las muestras del producto concentrado desarrollaron halo de inhibición sobre los cultivos, principalmente sobre P. aeruginosa y S. aureus; pero no se observó ningún tipo de inhibición sobre A. niger.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>microbiological quality</kwd>
<kwd>antimicrobial activity</kwd>
<kwd>bacteria associated with wound infections</kwd>
<kwd>calidad microbiológica</kwd>
<kwd>actividad antimicrobiana</kwd>
<kwd>bacterias asociadas a infecciones de piel</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Agüero</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calderón</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La transmisión intergeneracional de los oficios de cañero y de productor de granos básicos en el mundo rural costarricense (1850-1960)</article-title>
<source>Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aranda</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>M.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Asensio</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Córdoba</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F in foods by PCR and DNA probe</article-title>
<source>Lett. Appl. Microbiol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aymerich</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cordero</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sedó</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lineamientos de Políticas</article-title>
<source>Lineamientos de Políticas</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Consejo Nacional de Producción</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aymerich</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Murillo</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Guía de instalación de plantas procesadoras de dulce de caña de azúcar: instalaciones físicas, requisitos sanitarios y buenas prácticas de manufactura</article-title>
<source>Guía de instalación de plantas procesadoras de dulce de caña de azúcar: instalaciones físicas, requisitos sanitarios y buenas prácticas de manufactura</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Consejo Nacional de Producción</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bowlwe</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Duerden</surname>
<given-names>B.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Armstrong</surname>
<given-names>D.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management</article-title>
<source>Clin. Microb. Rev</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Briozzo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nuñez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chirife</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herszage</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antimicrobial activity of clover oil dispersed in a concentrate sugar solutions</article-title>
<source>J. Appl. Bacteriol</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Calderón</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación físico-química del proceso de elaboración de dulce de tapa o panela</article-title>
<source>Evaluación físico-química del proceso de elaboración de dulce de tapa o panela</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chirife</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrszage</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Joseph</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kohn</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In vitro study of bacterial growth inhibition in concentrated sugar solutions: microbiological basis for use of sugar in treating infected wounds</article-title>
<source>Antimicrob. Agents Chemother</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Topical treatment of pressure sores</article-title>
<source>Hosp. Pharm</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The role of sugar in wound healing: A comparative trial of the healing of infected wounds using traditional gauze/antiseptic packing and granulated sugar, undertaken during an elective period at Kagando Hospital, Uganda</article-title>
<source>Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bacteriological analytical manual</article-title>
<source>Bacteriological analytical manual</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>AOAC Int</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Primer aislamiento de Clostridium botulinum en Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Clostridium botulinum en suelos de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabrera</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Heridas: Métodos de tratamiento</article-title>
<source>Medisan</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grauwin</surname>
<given-names>M.L.Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cartel</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lepers</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Honey does one treat the osteitis and osteoarthritis of the extremities in older leprosy patients using granulated table sugar</article-title>
<source>Acta Leprol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Haddad</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bruschi</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martins</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of sugar on the process of cicatrization of infected surgical incisions</article-title>
<source>Rev. Lat. Am. Enfermagem</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herszage</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rovere</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grassi</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baena</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Niño</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paredes</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Conservación de tejidos por deshidratación con soluciones sobresaturadas de sacarosa y su rehidratación</article-title>
<source>Sem. Méd</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>166</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kobayashi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ueno</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in Okinawa Prefecture</article-title>
<source>Kansenshogaku Zasshi</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Middleton</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seal</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sugar as an aid to wound healing</article-title>
<source>Pharm. J</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>235</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakano</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Okabe</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hashimoto</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sakaguchi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Incidence of Clostridium botulinum in honey of various origins</article-title>
<source>Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakano</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yoshikuni</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hashimoto</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sakaguchi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of Clostridium botulinum in natural sweeting</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Food Microbiol</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nevas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hielm</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lindstrom</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Horn</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koivulehto</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Korkeala</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">High prevalence of Clostridium botulinum types A and B in honey samples detected by polymerase chain reaction</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Food Microbiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schocken-Iturrino</surname>
<given-names>R.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carneiro</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kato</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sorbara</surname>
<given-names>J.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rossi</surname>
<given-names>O.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gerbasi</surname>
<given-names>L.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Study of the presence of the spores of Clostridium botulinum in honey in Brazil</article-title>
<source>FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sedó</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual de producción de dulce</article-title>
<source>Manual de producción de dulce</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Consejo Nacional de la Producción</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pouch</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods</article-title>
<source>Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>American Public Health Association</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Viau</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mangenot</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boval</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Perron</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Treatement des escarres par le sucre cristallisé du commerce</article-title>
<source>Presse Médicale</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>William</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Honey and Wound Healing</article-title>
<source>J. Wound, Ostonomy &amp; Continence Nursing</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alcón</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Multifuncionalidad del azúcar blanca de mesa en la cicatrización de las heridas</article-title>
<source>Multifuncionalidad del azúcar blanca de mesa en la cicatrización de las heridas</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Historia de la caña de azúcar</article-title>
<source>Historia de la caña de azúcar</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Free-living Acanthamoeba and Naegleria spp. amebae in water sources of León, Nicaragua</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leiva</surname>
<given-names>Byron</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clasdotter</surname>
<given-names>Emma</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Linder</surname>
<given-names>Ewert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Winiecka-Krusnell</surname>
<given-names>Jadwiga</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología </institution>
<addr-line>León </addr-line>
<country>Nicaragua</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Karolinska Institute Microbiology and Tumor Biology Centre </institution>
<addr-line>Stockholm </addr-line>
<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control Mycology and Environmental Microbiology Department of Parasitology</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>446</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>free-living amebae (FLA) are known to occur worldwide in water-related biotopes, but only limited information is available on these organisms in developing countries and so far no information on their presence is available from Nicaragua. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria spp. in different water sources to which the population of León municipality is exposed. Since pathogenic amebae are thermotolerant, we were especially interested in the occurrence of FLA in geothermal areas. Water samples were collected from León area in Nicaragua: 88 samples were from rivers and springs, 111 from wells, 74 from water taps and 21 from water tanks in urban and suburban León and from three nearby geothermal areas of San Jacinto, Posoltega and Tipitapa. Amebae were identified using morphological and physiological criteria, immunohistochemical staining procedures and molecular methods. Indirect immunofluorescent test was performed on cysts and trophozoites fixed on microscopical slides and incubated for 30 min at room temperature in separate experiments with the following antibodies: rabbit-anti N. fowleri/N. lovanensis (Nf-Pab), mouse monoclonal antibody anti N. fowleri (Nf-5D12u), rabbit antibodies against Acanthamoeba spp. And fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using 18S rRNA-targeted fluorescent oligonucleotide probes. Probes: GSP for the detection of Acanthamoeba and NAEG1088 for the detection of Naegleria. Free-living amebae were recovered from approximately 43 % of the samples. Acanthamoeba spp was found in 21 % of samples from León municipality and in 2 % of samples from geothermal areas. Amoeboflagellates were found in 10 % of samples from León and in 19 % in geothermal areas. Fifty three percent of tested wells in the geothermal area contained thermotolerant amoeboflagellates. Naegleria spp. was identified in 24 out of 39 (61.5 %) of isolated amoeboflagellates. Twelve of them were assigned to N. lovanenesis while none of the isolates could be identified as N. fowleri. However, the common presence of thermotolerant Naegleria in water, specially N. lovanensis, which is an indicator species for N. fowleri, suggests that also this pathogenic amoeba may pose a risk to public health in the area. On the other side, direct pathogenicity, free-living amebae are receiving increasing attention as reservoirs and potential vehicles for the transmission of bacteria in the environment. Thus the information provided in this study may serve as base-line for future studies on the role of free-living amebae e.g. in waterborne-disease outbreaks in the region. Among such potentially important enteropathgens are Vibrio cholerae, E. coli 0157, and Helicobacter pylori. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 439-446. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las amebas de vida libre (AVL) son un grupo de organismos de distribución mundial. Entre las AVL hay parásitos facultativos en humanos y otros animales, los cuales pertenecen a los géneros Acanthamoeba, Naegleria y Balamuthia que causan infecciones severas en el sistema nervioso central. Sin embargo no se tiene ninguna información de Nicaragua. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de amebas de vida libre, en diferentes fuentes de agua de la parte urbana y rural del Departamento de León, y áreas geotérmicas de Nicaragua. Estas amebas fueron identificadas usando criterios morfológicos, fisiológicos, histoquímicos y moleculares. En los resultados se encontró amebas de vida libre en el 43% del total de las muestras. En la municipalidad de León, se encontraron 21% de Acanthamopeba sp. y en las áreas geotérmicas un 2%. Las amebaflagelados tipo Naegleria fueron 10% y 19% respectivamente. Del grupo amebaflagelados fueron 24, de las cuales 12 se dentificaron como N. lovanensis. En estas muestras no se aisló N. fowleri (ameba patógena), sin embargo, la presencia de N. lovanensis es in indicador de la presencia de N. fowleri, la cual puede ser un riesgo a la salud pública. Además, estas amebas pueden servir como vectores de bacterias enteropatógenas.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>free-living amebae</kwd>
<kwd>amebic encephalitis</kwd>
<kwd>amebic keratitis</kwd>
<kwd>Acanthamoeba</kwd>
<kwd>Naegleria</kwd>
<kwd>water sanitation</kwd>
<kwd>amebas de vida libre</kwd>
<kwd>encefalitis amebiana</kwd>
<kwd>queratitis amebiana</kwd>
<kwd>Acanthamoeba</kwd>
<kwd>Naegleria</kwd>
<kwd>saneamiento de agua</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bakardjiev</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Glaser</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schuster</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Visvesvara</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Three-year-old girl with fever and coma</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barker</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Humphrey</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>M.W.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Survival of Escherichia coli 0157 in a soil protozoan: implications for disease</article-title>
<source>FEMS Microbiol. Lett</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>173</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Behets</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seghi</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Declerck</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verelst</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Duvivier</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Damme</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ollevier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of Naegleria spp. and Naegleria fowleri: a comparison of flagellation tests, ELISA and PCR</article-title>
<source>Water Sci. Technol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benson</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ansbacher</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hutchison</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rogers</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal fluid centrifuge analysis in primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri</article-title>
<source>Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>109</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bose</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ghosh</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ghosh</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bhattacharya</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Das</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of potentially pathogenic freeliving amebae in sewage samples of Calcutta, India</article-title>
<source>Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Da Silva</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Da Rosa</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Isolation of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebas in hospital dust</article-title>
<source>Rev. Saude Publica</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Jonckheere</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth characteristics, cytopathic effect in cell culture, and virulence in mice of 36 type strains belonging to 19 different Acanthamoeba spp</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Jonckheere</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Primary amebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with AIDS: unusual protozoological findings</article-title>
<source>Clin. Infect. Dis</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Falcone</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quencer</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Post</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Magnetic resonance imaging of unusual intracranial infections</article-title>
<source>Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grimm</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ludwig</surname>
<given-names>W.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brandt</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Michel</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schleifer</surname>
<given-names>K.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hacker</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Steinert</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Development of 18S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for specific detection of Hartmannella and Naegleria in Legionella-positive environmental samples</article-title>
<source>Syst. Appl. Microbiol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gyori</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">December 2002: 19-year old male with febrile illness after jet ski accident</article-title>
<source>Brain Pathol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hamado</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aufy</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>el-Hayawan</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saleh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagaty</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Study of free-living amebae in Egypt</article-title>
<source>J. Egypt Soc. Parasitol</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hecht</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stoner</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Irwin</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Primary amebic meningoencephalitis in California</article-title>
<source>Calif. Med</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoffmann</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Michel</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of freeliving amebae (FLA) during preparation and supply of drinking water</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>203</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>John</surname>
<given-names>D.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and the biology of Naegleria fowleri</article-title>
<source>Annu. Rev. Microbiol</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>C.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shotts</surname>
<given-names>E.B. Jr</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wooley</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Porter</surname>
<given-names>K.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawande</surname>
<given-names>R.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recovery of soil amoebae from the air during the harmattan in Zaria, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>77</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Linder</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winiecka-Krusnell</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linder</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Use of recombinant cellulose-binding domains of Trichoderma reesei cellulase as a selective immunocytochemical marker for cellulose in protozoa</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marciano-Cabral</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Puffenbarger</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabral</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The increasing importance of Acanthamoeba infections</article-title>
<source>J. Eukaryot. Microbiol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Visvesvara</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Free-living, amphizoic and opportunistic amebas</article-title>
<source>Brain Pathol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lares</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramirez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bonilla</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calderon</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alcocer</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pathogenic amebae in natural thermal waters of three resorts of Hidalgo, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Environ. Res</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schuster</surname>
<given-names>F.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cultivation of pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amebas</article-title>
<source>Clin. Microbiol. Rev</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sheehan</surname>
<given-names>K.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fagg</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferris</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henson</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">PCR detection and analysis of the free-living amoeba Naegleria in hot springs in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>69</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stephany</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pearl</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>O.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pathologic quiz case: headache in an 8 year old child. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri</article-title>
<source>Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>128</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stothard</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hay</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schroeder-Diedrich</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seal</surname>
<given-names>D.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Byers</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for clinical and environmental detection of Acanthamoeba and the T4 18S rRNA gene sequence type</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Microbiol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Szenasi</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Endo</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yagita</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagy</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Isolation, identification and increasing importance of ‘freeliving’ amebae causing human disease</article-title>
<source>J. Med. Microbiol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tsvetkova</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schild</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Panaiotov</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kurdova- Mintcheva</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gottstein</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walochnik</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aspock</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lucas</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muller</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The identification of free-living environmental isolates of amebae from Bulgaria</article-title>
<source>Parasitol. Res</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ugonabo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gugani</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nasal carriage of Naegleria fowleri and its environmental occurrence in Boro state, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>J. Commun. Dis</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Visvesvara</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology of infections with free-living amebas and laboratory diagnosis of microsporidiosis</article-title>
<source>Mt. Sinai J. Med</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vernhes</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benichou</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pernin</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabanes</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Teissie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Elimination of free-living amoebae in fresh water with pulsed electric fields</article-title>
<source>Water Research</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Winiecka-Krusnell</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linder</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bacterial infections of free-living amoebae</article-title>
<source>Res. Microbiol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>152</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Morfología y citoquímica de cultivos celulares de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) y susceptibilidad a Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miranda H</surname>
<given-names>Alfonso Arturo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sarmiento</surname>
<given-names>Ladys</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Caldas M</surname>
<given-names>María Leonor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zapata</surname>
<given-names>Cristina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bello G</surname>
<given-names>Felio Jesús</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Nacional de Salud  </institution>
<addr-line>Bogotá </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de La Salle Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Laboratorio de Entomología, Biología Celular y Genética</institution>
<addr-line>Bogotá </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de La Salle Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Laboratorio de Entomología, Biología Celular y Genética</institution>
<addr-line>Bogotá </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>447</fpage>
<lpage>458</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Morphology and cytochemistry of Aedes aegypti’s cell cultures (Diptera: Culicidae) and susceptibility to Leishmania panamensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). The first cellular line of Aedes aegypti was developed by Grace in 1966; afterwards, other cellular lines of this species have been generated. These have been used for the study of pathogenic organisms like viruses, bacteria and parasites, which demonstrates their importance in biomedical applications. This research describes, for the first time, some cytochemical characteristics of A. aegypti cell cultures, that were infected with (MHOM/CO/87CL412) strain of Leishmania panamensis. A morphological study of the cell culture was also carried out. Maintenance of the cell culture, parasites and infection in vitro were carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology, Cell Biology and Genetics of the Universidad de La Salle. The cell cultures infected with the parasite were maintained in a mixture of mediums Grace/L15, supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) at pH 6.8 and a temperature of 26 ºC, during 3, 6 and 9 post-infection days. After this, these cell cultures were processed through High Resolution Light Microscopy (HRLM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) based on standard protocols defined by the Group of Microscopy and Image Analyses of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Semi-fine slices of 1 µm colored with toluidine blue were used for the morphological analysis of the culture, and ultra fine cuts of 60 to 90 nm stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate where used for the ultrastructural study. In addition, PAS and peroxidase staining was carried out in cells fixed with methanol. The morphometric study was analyzed with software ImageJ (NIH). In the semi-fine slices, small cells were observed showing fibroblastic appearance 10.84±2.54 µm in length and 5.31±1.26 µm wide; other cells had epithelial appearance with a great peripheral nucleus, voluminous and vacuolated cytoplasm, 23.04±4,00 µm in length and 13.96±3.70 µm wide. These last ones predominated over the ones with fibroblastic appearance. Regarding the PAS coloration, 7.08 % of the cells presented abundant PAS positive cytoplasmatic granules which indicated polysaccharides presence. The peroxidase test gave a negative result. The greatest percentage of infection (18.90 %) of one total of 101 cells, turned up by day 6. Some cells analyzed by TEM presented a vacuolated aspect cytoplasm; some contained parasites, other fibrillar material and others were empty. The results indicate that A. aegypti cell culture can support the internalization and transformation of the parasite, which demonstrates the capacity that these cell cultures have to be infected with L. panamensis and to maintain the infection for approximately one week. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 447-458. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La primera línea celular de Aedes aegypti fue establecida por Grace en 1966 y desde entonces se han utilizado para el estudio de virus, bacterias y parásitos. En el presente trabajo se describen, por primera vez, algunas características citoquímicas de los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti, infectados con la cepa (MHOM/CO/87CL412) de Leishmania panamensis. También se realizó un estudio morfológico de las células del cultivo. Se observaron 30 células pequeñas con apariencia fibrolastoide de 10.84±2.54 µm de largo y 5.31±1.26 µm de ancho; otras 30 presentaron apariencia epitelioide con 23.04±4.00 µm de largo y 13.96±3.70 µm de ancho; éstas últimas predominaron sobre las de apariencia fibroblastoide. De 113 células, un 7.08%, presentaron abundantes gránulos citoplasmáticos positivos con la coloración de PAS, indicando presencia de polisacáridos. La prueba de peroxidasa dio un resultado negativo. El mayor porcentaje de infección (18.90%), de un total de 101 células, se presentó el día 6. Ultraestructuralmente, las células presentaron un citoplasma con aspecto vacuolado; algunas contenían parásitos, otras material fibrilar y otras estaban vacías. Los resultados indican que los cultivos celulares de A. aegypti pueden ser infectados por L. panamensis y mantener dicho proceso por aproximadamente una semana.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>periodic acid-schiff</kwd>
<kwd>cell cultures</kwd>
<kwd>Aedes aegypti</kwd>
<kwd>Leishmania panamensis</kwd>
<kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd>
<kwd>ácido periódico schiff</kwd>
<kwd>cultivos celulares</kwd>
<kwd>Aedes aegypti</kwd>
<kwd>Leishmania panamensis</kwd>
<kwd>microscopia electrónica de transmisión</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ardila</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Escovar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Características de nuevos cultivos celulares derivados de tejidos embrionarios de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)</article-title>
<source>Biomédica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mejia</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Corena</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ayala</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sarmiento</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zuniga</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palau</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental infection of Leishmania (L.) chagasi in a cell line derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera:Psychodidae)</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Berens</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marr</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in a continuous macrophagelike cell culture</article-title>
<source>J. Protozool</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bhat</surname>
<given-names>U.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Structure and development of vesicles in larval tissue culture of Aedes aegypti (L.)</article-title>
<source>J. Med. Entomol</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brito</surname>
<given-names>A.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fontes</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>E.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Regis</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Development of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (say) from Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>94</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Buckley</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Survival of Toxoplasma gondii in mosquito cell lines and establishment of continuous infection in vero cell cultures</article-title>
<source>Exp. Parasitol</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Charpentier</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Belloncik</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ducros</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fontenille</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tian</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quiot</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Establishment and characterization of three cell lines from Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)</article-title>
<source>J. Med. Entomol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dedet</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gaudin</surname>
<given-names>O.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Leishmania donovani multiplication in a cell line of Aedes albopictus</article-title>
<source>Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>70</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dobson</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marsland</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Veneti</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bourtzis</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O’Neill</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of Wolbachia host cell range via the in vitro establishment of infections</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Echalier</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Drosophila Cells in Culture</article-title>
<source>Drosophila Cells in Culture</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fampa</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Correa-da-Silva</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lima</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Motta</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saraiva</surname>
<given-names>E.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Interaction of insect trypanosomatids with mosquitoes, sand fly and the respective insect cell lines</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Parasitol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García del Moral</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">El laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica</article-title>
<source>El laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Interamericana, McGraw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grace</surname>
<given-names>T.D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Establishment of four strains of cells from insect tissue grown in vitro</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1962</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>195</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grace</surname>
<given-names>T.D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Establishment of a line of mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.) cells grown in vitro</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>211</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grace</surname>
<given-names>T.D.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vago</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The morphology and physiology of cultured invertebrate cells</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Invertebrate Tissue Culture vol. 1</article-title>
<source>Invertebrate Tissue Culture vol. 1</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harrington</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>T.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lerdthusnee</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coleman</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Costero</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>G.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kitthawee</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kittayapong</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sithiprasasna</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Edman</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dispersal of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti within and between rural communities</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Horta</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Labruna</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Durigon</surname>
<given-names>E.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schumaker</surname>
<given-names>T.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Isolation of Rickettsia felis in the mosquito cell line C6/36</article-title>
<source>Appl. Environ. Microbiol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kaminsky</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beaudoin</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cunningham</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the development of metacyclic Trypanosoma brucei sspp. cultivated at 27 ºC with insect cell lines</article-title>
<source>J Protozool</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lynn</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Novel techniques to establish new insect cell lines</article-title>
<source>In vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lynn</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Methods for maintaining insect cell cultures</article-title>
<source>J. Insect Sci</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mazzola</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Amerault</surname>
<given-names>T.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roby</surname>
<given-names>T.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Survival of Anaplasma marginale in Aedes albopictus cells</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Vet. Res</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mazzola</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Amerault</surname>
<given-names>T.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roby</surname>
<given-names>T.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Electron microscope studies of Anaplasma marginale in an Aedes albopictus culture system</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Vet. Res</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miranda</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Serrano</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ayala</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación del proceso infectivo de Leishmania Chagasi en la línea celular lulo, con base en variables ambientales y fisicoquímicas</article-title>
<source>Rev. Med. Vet</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>C.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barreto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis de la susceptibilidad de una línea celular de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) a la infección con Leishmania (L) chagasi y Leishmania (V) braziliensis</article-title>
<source>Rev. Cienc. Salud</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Muskus</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marin</surname>
<given-names>V.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Metacyclogenesis: a basic process in the biology of Leishmania</article-title>
<source>Biomédica</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimenta</surname>
<given-names>P.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saraiva</surname>
<given-names>E.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rowton</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Modi</surname>
<given-names>G.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garraway</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beverley</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Turco</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sacks</surname>
<given-names>D.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evidence that the vectorial competence of phlebotomine sand flies for different species of Leishmania is controlled by structural polymorphisms in the surface lipophosphoglycan</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>91</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rey</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Establishment and Characterization of a New Continuous Cell Line from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and its Susceptibility to Infections with Arboviruses and Leishmania chagasi</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>95</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sacks</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kamhawi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular aspects of parasite-vector and vector-host interactions in leishmaniasis</article-title>
<source>Annu. Rev. Microbiol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sarmiento</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ayala</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peña</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fermín</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tapia</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio ultraestructural de la fagocitosis de promastigotes y amastigotes de Leishmania mexicana por la línea de células dendríticas FSDC</article-title>
<source>Biomédica</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth of arboviruses in arthropod tissue culture</article-title>
<source>Adv. Virus Res</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sudeep</surname>
<given-names>A.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mourya</surname>
<given-names>D.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mishra</surname>
<given-names>A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Insect cell culture in research: Indian scenario</article-title>
<source>Indian J. Med. Res</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>121</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Syafruddin</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kamimura</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kawamoto</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Development of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes to young oocysts in vitro</article-title>
<source>J. Protozool</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Turco</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Descoteaux</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania parasites</article-title>
<source>Annu. Rev. Microbiol</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Varma</surname>
<given-names>M.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pudney</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The growth and serial passage of cell lines from Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae in different media</article-title>
<source>J. Med. Entomol</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zapata</surname>
<given-names>L.A.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cardenas</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of cell cultures derived from Lutzomyia spinicrassa (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their susceptibility to infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</article-title>
<source>Med. Sci. Monit. BR</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zilberstein</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shapira</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of pH and Temperature in the Development of Leishmania Parasites</article-title>
<source>Annu. Rev. Microbiol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zuluaga</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robledo</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Las células de Langerhans en la inmunidad a leishmaniasis</article-title>
<source>Biomedica</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rasband</surname>
<given-names>W.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">U.S. National Institutes of Health</article-title>
<source>U.S. National Institutes of Health</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bethesda^eMaryland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Histometría de la glándula sublingual de ratones (Mus musculus) machos y hembras infectados con la cepa RAL del parásito de Chagas, Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>Sérgio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>Ruberval Armando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>Miguel Angel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carraro Abrahão</surname>
<given-names>Ana Amélia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Domingues Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>Rosa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Bromatológicos </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Franca  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de São Paulo Facultad de Odontología de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Morfología, Estomatología y Fisiología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>459</fpage>
<lpage>471</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Histometry of the sublingual gland in male and female mice (Mus musculus) infected with the RAL strain of the Chagas parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. The aim of this work was to analyze histologically and histometrically the sublingual gland of mice infected with the RAL strain of T. cruzi, according to the sex. Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were inoculated with 2x104 blood trypomastigotes of the RAL strain of T. cruzi. in the peak of the parasitemia (12th day) the mice were sacrificed, and the sublingual glands were fixed in ALFAC. HE-stained histological sections were evaluated histometrically. The parasitemia was higher in females. Histopatologically, acini of the infected animals were smaller, with scanty production of secretion, and smaller striated ducts. The nuclei of the demilunes were smaller and showed amastigote nests in the cytoplasm. Karyometrically, nuclei of the acini, demilunes and striated ducts were smaller in the infected mice. Stereologically, it was observed that relative volumes of acini and ducts were smaller and, inversely, relative volumen were greater for the conjunctive tissue in the infected males. The surface densities of acini and ducts were bigger and the diameter and thickness of the wall were smaller in this group. On the other hand, relative volume of acini was smaller and those of the ducts and conjunctive tissue were bigger in the infected females. The diameter and thickness of the wall of acini were smaller, and those of the striated ducts were bigger in this group. The RAL strain of T. cruzi caused general atrophy in the sublingual gland, with numerous nests of parasites in the glandular parenchyma. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 459-471. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Analizamos morfológica e histométricamente la glándula sublingual de ratones infectados con la cepa RAL del Trypanosoma cruzi, en machos y hembras. Usamos ratones albinos (Mus musculus), variedad Swiss, inoculados con 2x104 tripomastigotes sanguíneos de la cepa RAL del T. cruzi.. Sacrificamos los animales en el pico de la parasitemia (12º día) y fijamos las glándulas sublinguales en ALFAC. Los cortes histológicos teñidos con HE fueron evaluados histométricamente (cariometría y estereología). La parasitemia fue más elevada en las hembras. Histopatológicamente, los &quot;ácinos&quot; (acini) de los animales infectados eran menores, con escasa secreción, y conductos estriados menores. Los núcleos de las &quot;medialunas&quot; eran menores y había nidos de amastigotes en el citoplasma. Cariométricamente, los núcleos de los ácinos, medialunas y conductos estriados eran menores en los ratones infectados. Estereológicamente, los volúmenes relativos ocupados por ácinos y conductos estriados fueron menores e, inversamente, fue mayor el volumen para el tejido conjuntivo de los machos infectados. Las densidades de superficie de ácinos y conductos fueron mayores, y el diámetro y el espesor de la pared menores, en este grupo. Por otro lado, la densidad de ácinos fue menor, y las de los conductos estriados y tejido conjuntivo, fueron mayores en las hembras infectadas. Las densidades de superficie de ácinos y conductos estriados fueron mayores, mientras que el diámetro y espesor de la pared de los ácinos fueron menores (y las de los conductos estriados mayores), en este grupo. La cepa RAL del T. cruzi causó un cuadro general de atrofia general en la glándula sublingual, con numerosos nidos de parásitos.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Trypanosoma cruzi</kwd>
<kwd>RAL strain</kwd>
<kwd>mouse</kwd>
<kwd>sublingual gland</kwd>
<kwd>histopathology</kwd>
<kwd>histometry</kwd>
<kwd>Trypanosoma cruzi</kwd>
<kwd>cepa RAL</kwd>
<kwd>ratón</kwd>
<kwd>glándula sublingual</kwd>
<kwd>histopatología</kwd>
<kwd>histometría</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudo morfológico, morfométrico e estereológico das alterações presentes nas glândulas salivares maiores e acessórias do camundongo infectado pelo Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>Estudo morfológico, morfométrico e estereológico das alterações presentes nas glândulas salivares maiores e acessórias do camundongo infectado pelo Trypanosoma cruzi</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>T.L.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Komesu</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carraro</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Alterações da glândula submandibular de camundongos infectados com formas polimórficas da cepa Bolívia do Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>An. Farm. Quim</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31/32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alvarenga</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Cardiospasmo (Mal de engasgo)</article-title>
<source>Cardiospasmo (Mal de engasgo)</source>
<year>1934</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Belo Horizonte^eMinas Gerais </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>imprensa do Estado</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>C.R.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histopathological and histoquantitative study of the rat submandibular gland in Chagas disease</article-title>
<source>Arch. Oral Biol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>C.R.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in acetylcholinesterase positive nerves of the submandibular salivary gland during experimental infection with a protozoon, T. cruzi in rats</article-title>
<source>Arch. Oral Biol</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ulrich-Karine</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>M.S.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphology of rat submandibular gland acinar secretory granules and their alteration during the acute phase of experimental Chagas´ disease</article-title>
<source>Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>R.C.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histological and histometric study of the rat sublingual gland in the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Cienc. Morfol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>S.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Figueira</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterização morfobiológica e histopatológica de diferentes cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>Gaz. Med. Bahia</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>70</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baker</surname>
<given-names>B.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abrams</surname>
<given-names>G.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clapp Jr</surname>
<given-names>H.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gaebler</surname>
<given-names>U.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Long</surname>
<given-names>C.N.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth hormone (somatotropin) and the glands of the digestive system</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The hypophyseal growth hormone: Nature and action</article-title>
<source>The hypophyseal growth hormone: Nature and action</source>
<year>1955</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Blakiston Div, Mc Graw Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baker</surname>
<given-names>B.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clapp Jr</surname>
<given-names>H.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Light</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hormonal influences on the cytology and physiology of salivary glands</article-title>
<source>int. Ser. Oral Biol</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bice</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zeledón</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of infectivity of strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909)</article-title>
<source>J. Parasitol</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borges-Silva</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bento-Alves</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological analysis of an isolated fraction containing secretory granules from the submandibular gland of Trypanosoma cruzi infected and normal rats</article-title>
<source>Biotech. Histochem</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brener</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo</source>
<year>1962</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brener</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative studies of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol</source>
<year>1965</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brener</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>Z.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barral-Netto</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brener</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>Z.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barral-Netto</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Patologia experimental da doença de Chagas, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</article-title>
<source>Patologia experimental da doença de Chagas, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Caldeira</surname>
<given-names>O.v</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Arriboflavinose</article-title>
<source>Arriboflavinose</source>
<year>1947</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Belo Horizonte^eMinas Gerais </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Queiroz Breiner</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Câmara</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paiva</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Freire</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Valor da sialografia funcional</article-title>
<source>Rev. Hosp. Clin</source>
<year>1959</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>F.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Alguns aspectos do diagnostico e do tratamento do megaesôfago por acalásia do cárdia</article-title>
<source>Arq. Bras. Med</source>
<year>1953</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chagas</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villela</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Forma cardíaca da trypanosomiase americana</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>1922</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chalkey</surname>
<given-names>H.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A method for the quantitative morphologic analysis of tissues</article-title>
<source>J. Nat. Cancer Inst</source>
<year>1943</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chapman</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hanson</surname>
<given-names>W.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Waits</surname>
<given-names>V.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of gonadectomy of host on parasitemia and mortality of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>J. Parasitol</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chrétien</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Action of testosterone on differentiation and secretory activity of a target organ: the submandibullary gland of the mouse</article-title>
<source>Int. Rev. Cytol</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Correia Neto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento do megaesôfago (mal de engasgo)</article-title>
<source>Patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento do megaesôfago (mal de engasgo)</source>
<year>1935</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Pablo^eSan Pablo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editora Nacional</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cunha</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moraes</surname>
<given-names>S.R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tashiro</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Prevalência de alterações no sistema estomatognático em portadores da doença de Chagas</article-title>
<source>Rev CEFAC</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dantas</surname>
<given-names>R.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dysphagia in patients with Chagas’ disease</article-title>
<source>Dysphagia</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>David</surname>
<given-names>M.L.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cáceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goldraij</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dimorfismo sexual en la glándula submaxilar de la rata</article-title>
<source>Acta Odont. Latinoam</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Di Magioni</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stefano</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruggiero</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brunese</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Inhibition of labeled testosterone in the rat parotid gland with natural and synthetic anti-androgens</article-title>
<source>Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dost</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hemleben</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Engels</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prado</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular genetics characterization of different Trypanosoma cruzi strains and comparison of their development in Mus musculus and Calomys callosus</article-title>
<source>Parasitol. Res</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dzierzikray-Rogalska</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chodynicki</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wisniewski</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of gonadectomy on the parotid gland and Leventhal’s gland in white mice</article-title>
<source>Acta Med. Pol</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gonçalves da Costa</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calabrese</surname>
<given-names>K.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alencar</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lagrange</surname>
<given-names>P.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trypanosoma cruzi invasion of structures related to development and central nervous system</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Neurol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hauschka</surname>
<given-names>T.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sex of host as a factor in Chagas’ disease</article-title>
<source>J. Parasitol</source>
<year>1947</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hillarp</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Critical remarks on the problem of double innervation of the salivary glands</article-title>
<source>Acta Anat</source>
<year>1949</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoff</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mott</surname>
<given-names>K.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Menezes</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoff</surname>
<given-names>J.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barrnett</surname>
<given-names>T.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sherlock</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of parasitemia and seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural population of Northeast Brazil</article-title>
<source>Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Howthorne</surname>
<given-names>H.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frobese</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nemir</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The surgical menagement of achalasia of the esophagus</article-title>
<source>Ann. Surg</source>
<year>1956</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>144</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jezek</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Banek</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Banek</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of orchiectomy on the rat parotid gland: An ultrastructural and stereological study</article-title>
<source>Acta Anat</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>155</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kagan</surname>
<given-names>I.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Norman</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Immunologic studies on Trypanosoma cruzi: Susceptibility of CPW stock mice for the &quot;Tulahuen&quot; strain of T. cruzi</article-title>
<source>J. infect. Dis</source>
<year>1960</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>107</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lacassagne</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Dimorphisme sexuel de la glande sous-maxillaire chez la souris</article-title>
<source>C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris)</source>
<year>1940</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>133</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lenzi</surname>
<given-names>H.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>D.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lima</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gattass</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trypanosoma cruzi paninfectivity of CL strain during murine acute infection</article-title>
<source>Exper. Parasitol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>F.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>H.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Role of insuline in body growth and the growth of salivary and endocrine glands in rats</article-title>
<source>J. Dental Res</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>T.L.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Presence of amastigotes in the Weber’s lingual salivary glands of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice</article-title>
<source>Braz. Dental J</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>T.L.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histopathological study of von Ebner’s lingual salivary glands in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice</article-title>
<source>Angew. Parasitol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>T.L.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Tropismo tissular de diferentes cepas do Trypanosoma cruzi: V. Estudo histopatológico das alterações da glândula parótida de camundongos infectados com a cepa RC</article-title>
<source>Rev. Esc. Farm. Odont. Alfenas</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marsden</surname>
<given-names>P.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hagstrom</surname>
<given-names>J.W.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trypanosoma cruzi in the saliva of beagle puppies</article-title>
<source>Trans. Royal Soc. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>C.C.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological and morphometric study of the alterations on young mouse parotid gland with subpatent Chagas’ disease</article-title>
<source>Angew. Parasitol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>C.C.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histopathological study of the major salivary glands in Trypanosoma cruzi -infected mice</article-title>
<source>Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>C.C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphologic and morphometric study of changes in the mouse parotid gland in the acute phase of Chagas’ disease</article-title>
<source>Rev. Odont. Univ. São Paulo</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>C.C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudo morfológico e morfométrico das alteraçöes pancreáticas de camundongos na fase aguda da doença de Chagas</article-title>
<source>Rev. Ciênc. Farm</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meirelles</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Losso Netto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Contribuição ao estudo do megaesôfago</article-title>
<source>Hospital</source>
<year>1938</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brener</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tissue tropism of different Trypanosoma cruzi strains</article-title>
<source>J. Parasitol</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Merz</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Die Streckenmessung an gerichteten Strukturen im Mikroskop und ihre anwendung zur Bestimmung von Oberflächen-volumen-relationen im Knochengewebe</article-title>
<source>Mikroskopie</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mineiro</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Contribuição à etiologia do megaesôfago: Distribuição geográfica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Goiana Med</source>
<year>1958</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mudd</surname>
<given-names>B.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>White</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sexual dimorphism in the rat submandibular gland</article-title>
<source>J. Dental Res</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nash</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morrison</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Asymptomatic chronic enlargement of the parotid glands</article-title>
<source>Ann. Oto. Rhino. Laring</source>
<year>1949</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>58</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>H.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bloise</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>A.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Hiperatividade de glândulas salivares como causa da hiperamilasemia verificada em caso de megaosôfago. Possível valor semiológico da relação amilasemia/lipasemia</article-title>
<source>Rev. Paul. Méd</source>
<year>1952</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>S.A.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodrigues</surname>
<given-names>D.B.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferraz</surname>
<given-names>M.L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>E.C.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Teixeira</surname>
<given-names>V.P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Inflammation and glandular duct dilatation of the tongue from patients with chronic Chagas disease</article-title>
<source>Parasitol. Res</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>98</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Petenusci</surname>
<given-names>S.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva Netto</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudo morfométrico dos efeitos da insulina na glândula sublingual do rato</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fac. Farm. Odont. Ribeirão Preto</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pinkstaff</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sexual dimorphism of the sublingual glands in tree shrews</article-title>
<source>Basic Appl. Histochem</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Raynaud</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Controle hormonal de la glande sousmaxillaire de la souris</article-title>
<source>Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg</source>
<year>1960</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>94</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petenusci</surname>
<given-names>S.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maia Campos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petenusci</surname>
<given-names>N.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Alterações de glândulas salivares de camundongos e ratos infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fac. Farm. Odont. Ribeirão Preto</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carraro</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prado Jr</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>T.A.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Toldo</surname>
<given-names>M.P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Uma nova cepa do Trypanosoma cruzi isolada do triatomíneo Triatoma infestans</article-title>
<source>Anais da Reunião Anual da SBPC</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>45</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sahai</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ageel</surname>
<given-names>M.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The analysis of variance</article-title>
<source>The analysis of variance</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boston^eMassachusetts </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Birkhäuser</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matheus</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valeri</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A stereological method for estimating average diameter on spheric structures</article-title>
<source>Rev. Pesq. Med. Biol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matheus</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valeri</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new stereological method for estimating the thickness of a cellular layer on random sections</article-title>
<source>Mikroskopie</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sala</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Komesu</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maia Campos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Karyometric study of basal cell carcinoma</article-title>
<source>Braz. Dental J</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shafer</surname>
<given-names>W.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muhler</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of gonadectomy and sex hormones on the structure of the rat salivary gland</article-title>
<source>J. Dental Res</source>
<year>1953</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cardoso</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>G.A.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreira</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histological and histoquantitative study of the rat parotid gland after Trypanosoma cruzi infection</article-title>
<source>Parasite</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Spicer</surname>
<given-names>S.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The use of various cationic reagents in histochemical differentiation of mucopolyssacharides</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Clin. Pathol</source>
<year>1961</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomkeieff</surname>
<given-names>S.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Linear intercepts areas and volumes</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1945</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>155</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sabbag</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Sialoadenopatia chagásica: estudo experimental da glândula parótida</article-title>
<source>Rev. Ciênc. Farm</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Utrilla</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reis</surname>
<given-names>C.C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martini</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Alterações histoquímicas da glândula parótida de camundongos na fase subpatente da doença de Chagas</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fac. Odont. Ribeirão Preto</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vieira</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hadler</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudo histológico da glândula parótida e do pâncreas no megaesôfago</article-title>
<source>Rev. Assoc. Med. Brasil</source>
<year>1961</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vieira</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hyperamylasemia and hyperactivity of salivary glands associated with megaesophagus</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Dig. Dis</source>
<year>1961</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zerbini</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fanganiello</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Sialoangiografia da parótida</article-title>
<source>Rev. Cir. São Paulo</source>
<year>1940</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Concentración natural de compuestos antimaláricos en artrópodos tropicales (in vitro)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla-Carmona</surname>
<given-names>Misael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guerrero Bermúdez</surname>
<given-names>Olga Marta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tamayo-Castillo</surname>
<given-names>Giselle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sittenfeld Appel</surname>
<given-names>Ana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez-Somarribas</surname>
<given-names>Alberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valerio-Campos</surname>
<given-names>Idalia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Departamento de Parasitología Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto de Biodiversidad (INBio) Unidad de Bioprospección </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED) Departamento de Investigación </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Química </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>485</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Natural concentration of antimalaric components in Tropical arthropods (in vitro). Alcohol, hexane and dichlorometane extracts of 751 samples of Costa Rican arthropods were studied for the presence of antimalaric components. With Plasmodium berghei we set an in vitro model in which the effect of the extract was determined by staining of the parasites with cresil brilliant blue. Active extracts at concentration of 50 mg or less, were considered positive. Promissory extracts were found in the orders Lepidoptera (24.1%), Coleoptera (32.8%), Hemiptera (38.5%) and Polydesmida (81.3%). Since most of the Lepidoptera samples were in the immature stages, the relation with the host plant was analyzed. Cannaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Crisobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Caprifoliaceae were related with the Lepidoptera larvae, and an antimalaric effect has been reported in most of these families. In the orders Polydesmida, Opiliones and Blattodea, the extract from adults also had some important effect, probably because all of them fed on plants. Polydesmida and Opiliones have chemical substances that probably serve as defensive purposes; these chemicals could also have some antiparasitic effect. Therefore, the detection of antimalaric components in arthropod species led to the identification of plants with promissory antimalaric components. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 473-485. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Extractos alcohólicos, hexánicos y diclorometánicos de 751 muestras de artrópodos fueron estudiados por la presencia de actividad antimalárica. En este trabajo se empleó un modelo murino usando el Plasmodium berghei, modelo que es biológicamente similar a la malaria humana. El estudio fue realizado determinando el efecto del extracto sobre el parásito por la inclusión o no del colorante azul de cresil brillante. Estimando como positivos aquellos extractos cuya actividad antimalárica se mostró en concentraciones no mayores de 50 mg, se encontró que los órdenes más promisorios fueron Lepidoptera (24.1%), Polydesmida (81.3%), Blattodea (25%) y Opiliones, entre otros. Las formas inmaduras de Lepidoptera fueron las más positivas, por lo que se analizaron las plantas hospederos de donde se alimentaban dichos organismos. Las familias de estas plantas eran Malvaceae, Acanthaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Urticaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae y Caprifoliaceae. Especies de casi todas estas familias han sido reportadas con actividad antimalárica. En el caso de los órdenes Polydesmida, Opiliones y Blattodea, cuyas formas adultas presentaron alguna actividad contra P. berghei, encontramos que todos esos grupos se alimentan también de plantas. En el caso de Opiliones sus especies son predadores de lepidópteros, coleópteros, hemípteros fitófagos y otros artrópodos, además de que producen sustancias de defensas tales como alcoholes, cetonas y quinonas, entre otros, todo lo cual podría explicar la actividad encontrada. Algunas especies del Orden Polydesmida, también secretan ciertas sustancias químicas, las cuales podrían tener un efecto antiparasitario. Así, a través de este trabajo en artrópodos hemos llegado a identificar fuentes vegetales potenciales para componentes antimaláricos.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>malaria</kwd>
<kwd>arthropod extracts</kwd>
<kwd>antimalaric activity</kwd>
<kwd>treatment</kwd>
<kwd>malaria</kwd>
<kwd>extractos de artrópodos</kwd>
<kwd>actividad antimalárica</kwd>
<kwd>tratamiento</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Adjobimey</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Edayé</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lagnika</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gbenou</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moudachirou</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sanni</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Activités antiplasmodiales in vitro de quelques plantes antipaludiques de pharmacopée béninoise</article-title>
<source>C.R. Chimie</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Agbaje</surname>
<given-names>E.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Onabanjo</surname>
<given-names>A.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of extracts of Enantia chlorantha in malaria</article-title>
<source>Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>85</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alvarez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pabon</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carmona</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blair</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of clastogenic potencial of the antimalarial plant Solanum nudum</article-title>
<source>Entrez. Pub. Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>A.A.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Al-Rahwi</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lindequist</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some medical plants used in Yemen herbal medicine to treat malaria</article-title>
<source>Afr. J. Trad. CAM</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Anthony</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fyfe</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant active components -a resource for antiparasitic agents?</article-title>
<source>Trends. Parasitol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Basso</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pereira da Silva</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fett-NW</surname>
<given-names>A.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Azevedo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreira</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palma</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Filho</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>dos Santos</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Soare</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The use of biodiversity as source of new chemical entities against defined molecular targets for malaria, tuberculosis, and T-cell mediated diseases: A Review</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benoit-Vical</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valentin</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cournac</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pélissier</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mallié</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bastide</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In vitro antiplasmodial activity of stem and root extracts of Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae)</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bioland</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bloland</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Disease incidence and trends</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Drug resistance in malaria</article-title>
<source>Drug resistance in malaria</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ginebra </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>WHO/CDS/CSRIDRS/2001. Worl Health Organization</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bodeker</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Searching for antimalarials in plants</article-title>
<source>J. Alternat. Complement. Med</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brandão</surname>
<given-names>M.G.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krettli</surname>
<given-names>A.U</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Soares</surname>
<given-names>L.S.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nery</surname>
<given-names>C.G.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marinuzzi</surname>
<given-names>H.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antimalarial activity of extracts and fractions from Bidens pilosa and other Bidens species (Asteraceae) correlated with the presence of acetylene and flavonoid compounds</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Caraballo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Caraballo</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Acosta</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Preliminary assessment of medicinal plants used as antimalarials in the southeastern Venezuelan Amazon</article-title>
<source>Rev. Sociedade Brasileira Med. Trop</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cárcamo</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abe</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prescott</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Holl</surname>
<given-names>F.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chanway</surname>
<given-names>C.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of millipedes on litter decomposition, N mineralization, and microbial communities in a coastal forest in British Columbia, Canada</article-title>
<source>Can. J. For. Res</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diggs</surname>
<given-names>C.L.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kreier</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Rodent malaria parasites as models for human malaria</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Parasitic Protozoa</article-title>
<source>Parasitic Protozoa</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krettli</surname>
<given-names>A.U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antimalarial chemotherapy with natural products and chemically defined molecules</article-title>
<source>Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>86</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barrios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación química y biológica del efecto de extractos de plantas contra Plasmodium berghei</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abarca</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barrios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An in vivo model to study the antimalaric capacity of plant extracts</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tamayo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sittenfeld</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Empleo de técnicas y materiales biológicos en la búsqueda de productos activos contra la malaria</article-title>
<source>Información Tecnológica</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Deharo</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bourdy</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quenevo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sauvain</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach: Part V. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Tacana Indians</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>77</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Diniz</surname>
<given-names>I.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morais</surname>
<given-names>H.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Local pattern of host plant utilization by lepidopteran larvae in the cerrado vegetation</article-title>
<source>Entomotropica</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Franssen</surname>
<given-names>F.F.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smeijsters</surname>
<given-names>L.J.J.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berger</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aldana</surname>
<given-names>B.E.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in Guatemala against Malaria</article-title>
<source>Antimicrob. Agents Chemother</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Witte</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A simple method to extract essential oils from tissue samples by using microwave radiation</article-title>
<source>J. Chen. Ecol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hastings</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The origins of antimalarial drug resistance</article-title>
<source>Trends Parasitol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hout</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chea</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bun</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Elias</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gasquet</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tomion-David</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Balansard</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Azas</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Screening of selected indigenous plants of Cambodia for antiplasmodial activity</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>107</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hyde</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Drug-resistant malaria</article-title>
<source>Trends Parasitol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ishih</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ikeya</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yanoh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Takezoe</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miyase</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Terada</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A potent antimalarial activity of Hydrangea macrophylla var. Otaksa leaf extract against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in mice</article-title>
<source>Parasitol. Int</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Karou</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dicko</surname>
<given-names>M.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sanon</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simpore</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Traore</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm. F. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae)</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kvist</surname>
<given-names>L.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>S.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>H.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mejia</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Identification and evaluation of Peruvian plants used to treat malaria and leishmaniasis</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>106</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawrence</surname>
<given-names>R.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">South African harvest spiders</article-title>
<source>Naturalist</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leigh</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pygeum (Prunus africana): Protecting a powerful prostate remedy</article-title>
<source>ASNAPP</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marquiño</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Macarthur</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barat</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oblitas</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arrunátegui</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garavito</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chafloque</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pardavé</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arróspide</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carrillo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabezas</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruebush</surname>
<given-names>T. K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of Chloroquine sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the north coast of Peru</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McKeon</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A Ribereno’s Medical Garden</article-title>
<source>J. Am. Bot. Council</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant products as antimicrobial agents</article-title>
<source>Clin. Microbiol. Rev</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hurtado</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janzel</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tamayo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sittenfeld</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Recolecta de artrópodos para prospección de la biodiversidad en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nundkumar</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ojewole</surname>
<given-names>J.A.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some south African medical plants used as antimalarial remedies in zulu folk medicine</article-title>
<source>Methods Findings</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nzila</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ward</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marsh</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sims</surname>
<given-names>P.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hyde</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative folate metabolism in humans and malaria parasites (part I): pointers for malaria treatment from cancer chemotherapy</article-title>
<source>Trends Parasitol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nzila</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ward</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marsh</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sims</surname>
<given-names>P.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hyde</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative folate metabolism in humans and malaria parasites (part II): activites as yet untargeted or specific to Plasmodium</article-title>
<source>Trends Parasitol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosentha</surname>
<given-names>L.P.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Proteases of malaria parasites: new targets for chemotherapy</article-title>
<source>Emerging Infect. Dis</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>F.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gnaspini</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on the foraging behavior of the Brazilian cave harvestman Goniosoma spelaeum (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)</article-title>
<source>J. Arachnol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sittenfeld</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tamayo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hurtado</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rojas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blanco</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Costa Rican International cooperative biodiversity group: Using insects and other arthopods in biodiversity prospecting</article-title>
<source>Pharmaceut. Biol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tona</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mesia</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ngimbi</surname>
<given-names>N.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chrimwami</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Okond</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cimanga</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Bruyne</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Apes</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hermans</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Totte</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pieters</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vlietinck</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In vivo antimalarial activity of Cassia occidentalis, Morinda morindoides and Phyllanthus niruri</article-title>
<source>Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>95</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tona</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ngimbi</surname>
<given-names>N.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tsakala</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mesia</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cimanga</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aperes</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Bruyne</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pieters</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Totte</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vlietinck</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antimalarial activity of 20 crude extracts from nine African medicinal plants used in Kinshasa, Congo</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tona</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cimanga</surname>
<given-names>R.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mesia</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Musuamba</surname>
<given-names>C.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Bruyne</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Apers</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernans</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Miert</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pieters</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Totté</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vlietinck</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">In vitro antiplasmodial activity of extracts and fractions from seven medicinal plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo</article-title>
<source>J. Ethnopharm</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Usha</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valecha</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Atul</surname>
<given-names>P.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pillai</surname>
<given-names>C.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antiplasmodial effect of three medicinal plants: A preliminary study</article-title>
<source>Curr. Sc</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>80</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Venkatesha</surname>
<given-names>M.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Why is homopterophagous butterfly, Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) amyrmecophilous?</article-title>
<source>Curr. Sc</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnóstico situacional de la malaria y el uso del DDT en Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Diagnóstico situacional de la malaria y el uso del DDT en Costa Rica</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>OPS/OMS, Lara Segura &amp; Asoc</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Severe falciparum malaria</article-title>
<source>Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>94</volume>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Felter</surname>
<given-names>H.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<given-names>J.U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Viburnum prunifolium (U.S.P.)-Black Haw: Kings American Dispensatory. Henriette’s Hebal Homepage</article-title>
<source>Viburnum prunifolium (U.S.P.)-Black Haw: Kings American Dispensatory. Henriette’s Hebal Homepage</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hashimoto</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Data base-Brazilian Plants</article-title>
<source>Data base-Brazilian Plants</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Janse</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Waters</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Plasmodium berghei research model of malaria</article-title>
<source>The Plasmodium berghei research model of malaria</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Leiden University Medical Center</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kerzicnik</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Defenses of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): The reasons behind their survival success</article-title>
<source>Defenses of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones): The reasons behind their survival success</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Dept. Bioag. Sci. Pest Manag</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zamora</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Inflorescencia de Urera baccifera</article-title>
<source>Inflorescencia de Urera baccifera</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>INBio</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización biológica de tres aislamientos naturales del Rubulavirus porcino (México)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borraz-Argüello</surname>
<given-names>María del Tránsito</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vallejo-Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>Verónica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herrera-Camacho</surname>
<given-names>Irma</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>Julio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología </institution>
<addr-line>Metepec Puebla</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Instituto de Ciencias Centro de Química</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>487</fpage>
<lpage>499</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Biological characterization of three natural isolates of the porcine rubulavirus (Mexico). Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) produces a neurological and reproductive syndrome in pigs called the blue-eye disease, known only from Mexico. Several isolates were grouped by the main symptoms presented during outbreaks: a) neurotropic in piglets, b) broadly neurotropic in piglets and gonadotropic in adults, and c) gonadotropic in adults. We studied some biological properties of three strains, which fall in one of each virus group: La Piedad Michoacán (LPM) and Producción Animal Cerdos 1 (PAC1) and 3 (PAC3), respectively. The analyzed viral properties are mainly related with the trans-membrane hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins, such as cytopathic effect, hemolysis, hemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities. In the infection assays PAC1 strain presented the highest fusogenicity level; however, the most cytolytic strain was PAC3. In addition, HA and NA activities and viral genome of PAC3 strain was detected in supernatants during cell infection earlier than in the other two strains, which shows that PAC3 virions release from the host cell earlier than LPM and PAC1. Experimental determination in purified viruses shows that PAC3 presented a higher HA and NA activities; however, PAC1 shows other interesting properties, such as a high thermostability of HN and differences about substrate profile respect to LPM and PAC3. Our data suggest that NA activity is associated with the virulence of RVP. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 487-499. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El Rubulavirus porcino causa un síndrome neurológico y reproductivo en cerdos, hasta ahora reportado sólo en México. Los virus aislados se agrupan de acuerdo con los síntomas principales observados durante los brotes en: a) neutrópicos en lechones, b) neurotrópicos en lechones/gonadotrópicos en adultos y c) gonadotrópicos en adultos. En este trabajo se estudiaron tres cepas: La Piedad Michoacán (LPM) y Producción Animal &quot;Cerdos&quot; 1 (PAC1) y 3 (PAC3), ubicadas respectivamente en cada grupo. Las propiedades estudiadas se relacionan principalmente con dos proteínas de la envoltura viral, la hemaglutinina-neuraminidasa (HN) y la proteína de fusión (F). Se cuantificaron el efecto citopático y las actividades de hemólisis, hemaglutinación (HA) y neuraminidasa (NA). En cultivo celular la cepa PAC1 presentó una mayor actividad fusogénica, sin embargo PAC3 presentó la mayor actividad citolítica. La cepa PAC3 fue la primera en ser detectada en sobrenadante de células infectadas (HA, NA y genoma), lo que muestra que sus viriones son liberados al medio antes que las otras dos cepas. PAC3 tuvo las actividades más altas de HA y NA, sin embargo, PAC1 presentó una mayor termoestabilidad en estas actividades de HN y un perfil de substrato algo distinto de los observados para LPM y PAC3. Estos datos sugieren que la actividad de NA está relacionada con la virulencia del RVP.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Blue eye disease</kwd>
<kwd>LPMV</kwd>
<kwd>hemagglutinin-neuraminidase</kwd>
<kwd>Paramyxoviridae</kwd>
<kwd>Rubulavirus</kwd>
<kwd>virulence</kwd>
<kwd>Enfermedad del ojo azul</kwd>
<kwd>LPMV</kwd>
<kwd>hemaglutinina-neuraminidasa</kwd>
<kwd>Paramyxoviridae</kwd>
<kwd>Rubulavirus</kwd>
<kwd>virulencia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O´Connell</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Virus culture</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Virology</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lab Fax. Bios Scientific</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Devireddy</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Raghavan</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramachandran</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaila</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The fusion protein of peste des petits ruminants virus is a hemolysin</article-title>
<source>Arch. Virol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Jáuregui</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Immunity to porcine rubulavirus infection in adult swine</article-title>
<source>Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Huberman</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peluso</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moscona</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza 3: role of the neuraminidase in the viral life cycle</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>214</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lamb</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kolakofsky</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Knipe</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Howley</surname>
<given-names>P.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Paramyxoviridae: the viruses and their replication</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fields Virology</article-title>
<source>Fields Virology</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Filadelfia^ePensilvania </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eichelberger</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Compans</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Air</surname>
<given-names>G.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Influenza type A virus neuraminidase does not play a role in viral entry, replication, assambly or budding</article-title>
<source>J. Virol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>69</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moreno-Lopez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Correa-Giron</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ericsson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Characterization of a paramyxovirus isolated from the brain of a piglet in Mexico</article-title>
<source>Arch. Virol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>91</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moscona</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peluso</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fusion properties of cells persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: participation of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in membrane fusion</article-title>
<source>J. Virol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>65</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moscona</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peluso</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fusion properties of cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: receptor requirements for viral spread and virusmediated membrane fusion</article-title>
<source>J. Virol</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Porotto</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Greengard</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poltoratskaia</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Horga</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moscona</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Human parainfluenza virus type 3 HN-receptor interaction: effect of 4-guanidinoNeu5Ac2en on a neuraminidase-deficient variant</article-title>
<source>J. Virol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernandez-Jauregui</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreno-Lopez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kennedy</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Lesions in the reproductive tract of boars experimentally infected with porcine rubulavirus</article-title>
<source>J. Comp. Pathol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Jáuregui</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Neua3-Gal glycoconjugate expresion determines cell susceptibility to the porcine rubulavirus LPMV</article-title>
<source>Comp. Bioch. Physiol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>118B</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernandez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Purification and characterization of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Porcine rubulavirus LPMV</article-title>
<source>Glycoconj. J</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Borraz-Arguello</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cea Bonilla</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>del Arenal Mena</surname>
<given-names>I.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riveros Rosas</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vázquez Contreras</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mecanismos moleculares de la patogenia viral: Estudios con el Rubulavirus porcino</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mensaje Bioquímico, Vol XXVI</article-title>
<source>Mensaje Bioquímico, Vol XXVI</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico, D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baños</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Borraz-Argüello</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosas</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tapia-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Amino acid change 335 E to K affects the sialic-acid-binding and neuraminidase activities of Urabe AM9 mumps virus hemagglutininneuraminidase glycoprotein</article-title>
<source>Microbes Infect</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Borraz-Argüello</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura y función e implicaciones patológicas de las proteínas del Rubulavirus porcino</article-title>
<source>Rev. Vet. Med</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flores</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baños</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrera-Camacho</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Purification of Porcine rubulavirus attachment protein by isoelectric focusing</article-title>
<source>Prot. Expr. Purif</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cruz</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pazos</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes-Leyva</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tapia-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Two clones obtained from Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine differ in their replicative efficiency in neuroblastoma cells</article-title>
<source>Microbes Infect</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scheid</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Choppin</surname>
<given-names>P.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of biological activities of paramyxovirus glycoproteins: Activation of cell fusion, hemolysis, and infectivity of proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor protein of Sendai virus</article-title>
<source>Virology</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Solorzano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zheng</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fodor</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brownlee</surname>
<given-names>GG</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palese</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garcia-Sastre</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reduced levels of neuraminidase of influenza A viruses correlate with attenuated phenotypes in mice</article-title>
<source>J. Gen. Virol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>81</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stephano</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leman</surname>
<given-names>A.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Straw</surname>
<given-names>B.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mengeling</surname>
<given-names>W.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allaire</surname>
<given-names>A.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Blue Eye diseases</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Swine Diseases</article-title>
<source>Swine Diseases</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ames </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Iowa State University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sundqvist</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berg</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Jáuregui</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linné</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreno-López</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The structural proteins of a porcine paramyxovirus (LPMV)</article-title>
<source>J. Gen. Virol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yamamoto-Goshima</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maeno</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morishita</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ueda</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fujita</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nakajima</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yoshii</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Role of neuraminidase in the morphogenesis of influenza B virus</article-title>
<source>J. Virol</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Variabilidad temporal de la abundancia de Coralliophila abbreviata y Coralliophila caribaea (Mollusca, Coralliophilidae) en un arrecife coralino del Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>del Mónaco</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villamizar</surname>
<given-names>Estrella</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Narciso</surname>
<given-names>Samuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Central de Venezuela Laboratorio de Estudios Marino Costeros </institution>
<addr-line>Caracas </addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Fundación por la Defensa de la Naturaleza  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>501</fpage>
<lpage>511</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Temporary abundance variation of Coralliophila abbreviata and Coralliophila caribaea (Mollusca, Coralliophilidae) in a coral reef at Morrocoy National Park. The mollusks Coralliophila abbreviata and C. caribaea are coral predators in the Caribbean Sea . We evaluated the temporal variability of abundance and size structure of C. abbreviata and C. caribaea in Cayo Sombrero, Morrocoy National Park, Venezuelar (September 2004 - August 2005). The density of C. abbreviata and C. caribaea was evaluated monthly by means of two 50- meter long transects paralell to the coast line, at 3 m and 6 m deep; aditionally, 30 individuals of C. abbreviata were collected to measure size. The densities of C. abbreviata at the shallow transect fluctuated between 1.78 ind/m² in September and 6.26 ind/m² in May. The densities at the deep transect fluctuated between 4.23 ind/m² in January and 7.66 ind/m² in May. The densities of C. caribaea at the shallow transect fluctuated between 0 ind/m2 (except in September) and 0.03 ind/m² (September) and the densities at the deep transect fluctuated between 0 ind/m² (October to March and July) and 0.1 ind/m² (April). Most individuals of C. abbreviata and C. caribaea measured between 12 and 16 mm and between 10 and 15 mm long respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 501-511. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>C. abbreviata y C. caribaea son moluscos coralívoros del Mar Caribe. Evaluamos la variabilidad temporal de la abundancia y los cambios en la estructura de talla de C. abbreviata y C. caribaea en Cayo Sombrero, Venezuela (septiembre 2004-agosto 2005). Se colocaron transectas fijas de 50 metros de longitud a profundidades de tres y seis metros cada una, paralelas a la costa. Se evaluó mensualmente durante un año la densidad de ambos depredadores y se seleccionaron 30 individuos de C. abbreviata para medirlos cada mes. Las densidades de C. abbreviata en la transecta somera fluctuaron entre 1.78 ind/m² en septiembre y 6.26 ind/m² en mayo; las densidades de C. abbreviata en la transecta profunda estuvieron comprendidas entre 4.23 ind/m² en enero y 7.66 ind/m² en mayo. Las densidades de C. caribaea fluctuaron en la transecta somera entre 0 ind/m² (todos los meses menos septiembre) y 0.03 ind/m² (septiembre) mientras que la transecta profunda fluctuó entre 0 ind/m² (octubre a marzo y julio) y 0.1 ind/m² (abril). La mayoría de los individuos de C. abbreviata midieron entre 12 y 16 mm de longitud. El largo de la mayoría de los individuos de C. caribaea estuvo comprendido entre 10 y 15 mm.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Coralliophila sp</kwd>
<kwd>corallivorous</kwd>
<kwd>temporal variability</kwd>
<kwd>abundance</kwd>
<kwd>size structure</kwd>
<kwd>Morrocoy National Park</kwd>
<kwd>Coralliophila sp</kwd>
<kwd>coralívoros</kwd>
<kwd>variabilidad temporal</kwd>
<kwd>abundancia</kwd>
<kwd>estructura de talla</kwd>
<kwd>Parque Nacional Morrocoy</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baums</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Szmant</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of a corallivorous gastropod, Coralliophila abbreviata on two scleractinian hosts I: Population structure of snails and corals</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>142</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baums</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Szmant</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of a corallivorous gastropod Coralliophila abbreviata on two scleractinian hosts II: feeding, respiration and growth</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>142</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bone</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villamizar</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Penchaszadeh</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Klein</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kjerfve</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">CARICOMP - Caribbean Coral Reef, Seagrass and Mangrove sites</article-title>
<source>CARICOMP - Caribbean Coral Reef, Seagrass and Mangrove sites</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Paris </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNESCO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bruckner</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bruckner</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Life history strategies of. Coralliophila abbreviata Lamarck (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) on the southwest coast of Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Proceedings of the Eigth International Coral Reef Symposium, Panamá</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Doherty</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Davidson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Monitoring the distribution and abundance of juvenile Acanthaster planci in the central Great Barrier Reef</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Proceedings of the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium</article-title>
<source>Proceedings of the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Townsville </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Forde</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Populations, behavior and effects of Drupella cornus on the Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Drupella cornus: a synopsis</article-title>
<source>Drupella cornus: a synopsis</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Western Australia Department of Conservation and Land Management</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Glynn</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krupp</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Feeding biology of a Hawaiian sea star corallivore, Culcita novaeguineae Muller &amp; Troschel</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>96</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gochfeld</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predation-induced morphological and behavioral defenses in a hard coral: implications for foraging behavior of coral-feeding butterflyfishes</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>267</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hayes</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Prey preference in a Caribbean corallivore, Coralliophila abbreviata (Lamarck) (Gastropoda, Coralliphilidae)</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lasker</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coffroth</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fitzgerald</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Foraging patterns of Cyphoma gibbosum on octocorals: the roles of host choice and feeding preference</article-title>
<source>Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole)</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>174</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The coral reefs and coral communities of Barbados</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1960</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cnidarian prey of the snails Coralliophila abbreviata and C. caribaea (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in Discovery Bay, Jamaica</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Corallivorous snail removal: evaluation of impact on Acropora palmata</article-title>
<source>Coral Reefs</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baums</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Szmant</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Status of candidate coral Acropora palmata, and its snail predator in the upper Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: 1998-2001. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-479</article-title>
<source>Status of candidate coral Acropora palmata, and its snail predator in the upper Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: 1998-2001. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-479</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ott</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hermatypic coral predation at Barbados, West indians, by Coralliophila abbreviata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) and Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Errantia)</article-title>
<source>Hermatypic coral predation at Barbados, West indians, by Coralliophila abbreviata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) and Hermodice carunculata (Polychaeta, Errantia)</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology and population outbreaks of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella on indo-Pacific reefs</article-title>
<source>Oceanogr Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial variability in the abundance of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus</article-title>
<source>Coral Reefs</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ward</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The digestive tract and its relations to feeding habitats in the stenoglossan prosobranch Coralliophila abbreviata (Lamarck)</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1965</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lalli</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reproduction and brood protection in the Caribbean gastropods Coralliophila abbreviata and C. Caribaea</article-title>
<source>J. Moll. Stud</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zann</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brodie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berryman</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Naqasima</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recruitment, ecology, growth and behavior of juvenile Acanthaster planci (L.) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Crecimiento y reproducción del camarón Atya margaritacea (Decapoda: Atyidae) en el Río Presidio, Sinaloa, México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sánchez Palacios</surname>
<given-names>Jesús</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beltrán Álvarez</surname>
<given-names>Rigoberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez Lozano</surname>
<given-names>Juan Pedro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,UAS Facultad de Ciencias del Mar </institution>
<addr-line>Mazatlán Sinaloa</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>513</fpage>
<lpage>522</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Growth and reproduction of the shrimp Atya margaritacea (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Río Presidio, Sinaloa, Mexico. Some growth and reproduction parameters of the population of the shrimp Atya margaritacea in Presidio River (Sinaloa, NW Mexico) were studied using 542 organisms collected with a Surber net in five sampling locations distributed from mid- to low river. Total lengths and gross weights ranged from 15 to 96 mm and 0.1 to 25.2 g. The male:female ratio was 1.96:1 and males had larger sizes and weights. The relations of total length (Lt) to gross weight (Pt) were Pt = 1.02x10-5 (Lt)3.2089 for males and Pt = 2.29x10-5 (Lt)3.0159 for females. Growth in males was positively allometric whereas in females it was isometric. The regressions between total lengths and cephalothorax (Lc) were Log Lc = 1.1118 (Log Lt)- 0.6087 for males and Log Lc = 0.9945 (Log Lt)- 0.4321 for females. The relative growth between these body parts was allometrically positive in males and isometric in females; this result indicates a clear sexual dimorphism. Ovigerous females appeared in the rainy season (July to November). The absolute fecundity ranged from 1 860 to 22 400 eggs in females of 43 to 59 mm in length and 1.9 to 6.0 g in weight. The equations relating the number of eggs to length and weight were Fec = 8.3x10-7 (Lt)5.8053 and Fec = 732 (Pt)1.836 respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 513-522. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudiaron el crecimiento y reproducción de de Atya margaritacea, con base en 542 organismos capturados en cinco sitios distribuidos desde la parte media de la cuenca hasta la desembocadura del río Presidio (Sinaloa, NW de México). La recolecta se realizó mediante el empleo de una red Surber, recolectándose organismos cuya longitud total y peso total variaron de 15 a 96 mm y 0.1 a 25.2 g respectivamente. La proporción macho:hembra fue 1.96:1 y los machos alcanzaron las mayores tallas y pesos. La relación entre la longitud total (Lt) y el peso total (Pt) se estableció mediante el modelo Pt = 1.02x10-5 (Lt)3.2089 para los machos y por Pt = 2.29x10-5 (Lt)3.0159 para las hembras. El crecimiento en machos resultó alométricamente positivo mientras que en hembras fue isométrico. La regresión entre la longitud total y longitud cefalotórax (Lc) fue Log Lc = 1.1118 (Log Lt)- 0.6087 en machos y Log Lc = 0.9945 (Log Lt)- 0.4321 en hembras. El crecimiento relativo entre estas partes del cuerpo resultó alométrico positivo en machos e isométrico en hembras, indicando un claro dimorfismo sexual de estos organismos. Hembras ovígeras se presentaron en la época de lluvias (julio a noviembre). La fecundidad absoluta varió de 1 860 a 22 400 huevos en hembras de 43 y 59 mm de longitud y de 1.9 a 6.0 g de peso. La ecuación que relacionó el número de huevos con la longitud y peso, fue Fec = 8.3x10-7 (Lt)5.8053 y Fec = 732 (Pt)1.836 respectivamente.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Atya margaritacea</kwd>
<kwd>Presidio River</kwd>
<kwd>allometric growth</kwd>
<kwd>sexual dimorphism</kwd>
<kwd>fecundity</kwd>
<kwd>Atya margaritacea</kwd>
<kwd>Río Presidio</kwd>
<kwd>crecimiento alométrico</kwd>
<kwd>dimorfismo sexual</kwd>
<kwd>fecundidad</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bagenal</surname>
<given-names>B.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gerking</surname>
<given-names>S.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of fish fecundity</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production</article-title>
<source>Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Blackwell Scientific</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beltrán</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arroyo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Informe final del proyecto &quot;Estudio Hidrobiológico del río Baluarte, previo al embalsamiento de sus aguas por la construcción de la derivadora el Tamarindo, Sinaloa, México&quot;</article-title>
<source>Informe final del proyecto &quot;Estudio Hidrobiológico del río Baluarte, previo al embalsamiento de sus aguas por la construcción de la derivadora el Tamarindo, Sinaloa, México&quot;</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mazatlán </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UAS-SEP</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beltrán</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arroyo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Informe final del estudio Hidrológico del río Elota, Sin. México</article-title>
<source>Informe final del estudio Hidrológico del río Elota, Sin. México</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mazatlán </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UAS-SEP</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benstead</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>March</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Estuarine larval development and upstream postlarval migration of freshwater shrimps in two tropical rivers of Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benstead</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>March</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scatena</surname>
<given-names>F.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of a low-head dam and water abstraction on migratory tropical stream biota</article-title>
<source>Ecological Applications</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campaña</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aspectos biológicos de los carideos del río Elota, Sinaloa, México</article-title>
<source>Aspectos biológicos de los carideos del río Elota, Sinaloa, México</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clayton</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Snowden</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Allometric growth in Ilyoplax stevensi (Decapoda, Brachiura, Ocypodidae)</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coronel</surname>
<given-names>V.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>C.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nordhal</surname>
<given-names>T.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al análisis biológico de las poblaciones de camarones de agua dulce (Macrobrachium spp. y Atya margaritacea) en la presa derivadora Siqueros, Sinaloa, México</article-title>
<source>Contribución al análisis biológico de las poblaciones de camarones de agua dulce (Macrobrachium spp. y Atya margaritacea) en la presa derivadora Siqueros, Sinaloa, México</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Covich</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Atyid shrimp in the headwaters of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: filter feeding in the natural and artificial streams</article-title>
<source>Verhandl. Intern. Vereinigung Theor. Angew. Limnol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cubillas-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benítez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aspectos de la población de Atya scabra (Leach) en el río La Antigua, Veracruz, México: Resúmenes X Congreso Nacional de Zoología, México D.F., México</article-title>
<source>Aspectos de la población de Atya scabra (Leach) en el río La Antigua, Veracruz, México: Resúmenes X Congreso Nacional de Zoología, México D.F., México</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Davant</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Clave para la identificación de los camarones marinos y de río con importancia económica en el oriente de venezuela</article-title>
<source>Clave para la identificación de los camarones marinos y de río con importancia económica en el oriente de venezuela</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Sucre </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidad de Oriente</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Algunos aspectos de la biología de Atya margaritacea (Decapoda, Atyidae)</article-title>
<source>Algunos aspectos de la biología de Atya margaritacea (Decapoda, Atyidae)</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fièvet</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An experimental survey of freshwater shrimp upstream migration in an impounded stream of Guadeloupe island, Lesser Antilles</article-title>
<source>Archiv Hydrobiol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>144</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fièvet</surname>
<given-names>E.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dolodec</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of migratory fishes and shrimps along multivariate gradients in tropical island streams</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fryer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the functional Morphology and Ecology of the Atyid prawns of Dominica</article-title>
<source>Phi. Trans. Royal Soc. London</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>277</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Biología, Ecología y Pesca del langostino Macrobrachium tenellun (Smith, 1881), en las lagunas costeas del estado de Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Biología, Ecología y Pesca del langostino Macrobrachium tenellun (Smith, 1881), en las lagunas costeas del estado de Guerrero, México</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hartnoll</surname>
<given-names>R.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bliss</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Biology of Crustacea: Embryology Morphology and Genetics</article-title>
<source>The Biology of Crustacea: Embryology Morphology and Genetics</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hendrickx</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Catálogo de crustáceos estomatópodos y decápodos: Colección de Referencia, Estación Mazatlán, ICML, UNAM</article-title>
<source>Catálogo de crustáceos estomatópodos y decápodos: Colección de Referencia, Estación Mazatlán, ICML, UNAM</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad e Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hobbs</surname>
<given-names>H.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hart</surname>
<given-names>C.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The shrimp genus Atya (Decapoda: Atyidae)</article-title>
<source>Smit. Contri. Zool</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>364</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holthuis</surname>
<given-names>L.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fresh-water shrimps of the family Atyidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from western Colombia</article-title>
<source>J. Crust. Biol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Huxley</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Constant differential growth-ratios and their significance</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1924</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>114</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lobao</surname>
<given-names>V.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Musto</surname>
<given-names>M.R.Z.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rojas</surname>
<given-names>N.E.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lace</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magalhaes</surname>
<given-names>M.F.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudo populacional de Macrobrachium iheringi (Ortmann, 1897) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) do Rió Buava-SP</article-title>
<source>Bol. Inst. Pesca</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>March</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benstead</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scatena</surname>
<given-names>F.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Migratory drift of larval freshwater shrimps in two tropical streams, Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Freshwater Biol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>March</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Townsend</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>A.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of freshwater shrimp assemblages on benthic communities along an altitude gradient of a tropical island stream</article-title>
<source>Freshwater Biol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of the reproduction of Atya margaritacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1864 (Decapoda, Atyidae) in a population from the Mexican Pacific</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chazaro-Olvera</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Relative growth of Atya Margaritacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1864 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from the southern pacific coast of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Milne-Edwards</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Révision des Crustacés Macroures de la Famille des Atyoidées</article-title>
<source>Ann. Soc. Entomol. France</source>
<year>1864</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Covich</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buzby</surname>
<given-names>K.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Finley</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of omnivorous shrimps in a mountain tropical stream: sediment removal, disturbance of sessile invertebrates and enhancement of understory algal biomass</article-title>
<source>Oecologia</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Atyid shrimp (Decapoda:Atyidae) influence spatial heterogeneity of algal communities over different scales in tropical montane streams, Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Freshwater Biol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pringle</surname>
<given-names>C.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Freeman</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Freeman</surname>
<given-names>B.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Regional effects of hydrologic alterations on riverine macrobiota in the New World: tropical-temperate comparisons</article-title>
<source>BioScience</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricker</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of. fish populations</article-title>
<source>Bull. Fish Res. Board of Canada</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>191</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roverso</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lobao</surname>
<given-names>V.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lombardi</surname>
<given-names>J.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hortensio</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Relacoes biométricas em Macrobrachium acanthurus Wiegmann, 1836 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) da Estação Ecológica da Juréia-SP</article-title>
<source>Bol. Inst. de Pesca</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio morfológico de Atya scabra (Crust. Decap.)</article-title>
<source>Estudio morfológico de Atya scabra (Crust. Decap.)</source>
<year>1943</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al Conocimiento de los Atyidae de México. ii (Crustácea, Decapoda): Estudio de algunas especies del género Potimirim (=Ortmannia), con descripción de una especie nueva en Brasil</article-title>
<source>An. del Inst. de Biol. UNAM, México</source>
<year>1959</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth, mortality and migratory pattern of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Crustacea, Penaeidae) in the Carretas-Pereyra coastal lagoon system, Mexico</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivera-Velázquez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soto</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Naranjo</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Lab. Acuicultura UNICACH Ciudad Universitaria </institution>
<addr-line>Chiapas </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología </institution>
<addr-line> México, D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,UNAM FES Zaragoza Lab. de Limnología</institution>
<addr-line> México, D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur  </institution>
<addr-line>Chiapas </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>523</fpage>
<lpage>533</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The growth, mortality and migration pattern of the population of Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 1931 in the Carretas-Pereyra coastal lagoon system, Mexico, were studied. The shrimp spatial distribution and abundance were analyzed in relation to salinity, water temperature, and substrate. A total of 2 669 shrimps was collected at 22 sites sampled monthly from March 2004 to August 2005. Juvenile shrimps of L. vannamei were present in the coastal lagoon system throughout the year, reaching densities from 0.001 to 0.302 ind/m². The estimated daily growth rate was 0.06 to 0.27 mm carapace length (CL). No significant seasonal differences were appreciated. Weekly total mortality (Z) was between 0.04 and 0.34. Recruits, juveniles and sub-adults displayed a bimodal distributional pattern regulated by the prevailing conditions during the dry season. The peak abundance of juvenile stages occurred in December-January and March-May. The abundance presented an inverse correlation with salinity (r=-0.42; p&lt;0.05) and a positive correlation (r=0.44; p&lt;0.05) with silt content. No clear correlation was distinguished for emigration size with season of the year or water temperature. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 523-533. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudió el crecimiento, la mortalidad y el patrón de migración del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 1931 en el sistema lagunar costero Carretas Pereyra, México. La distribución espacial y la abundancia fueron analizadas con relación a la salinidad, temperatura y substrato. De marzo de 2004 a agosto de 2005 se recolectó un total de 2669 camarones con un muestreo mensual en 22 sitios. Los jóvenes se hallaron todo el año en el sistema lagunar costero, con densidades entre 0.001 y 0.302 ind/m². La tasa de crecimiento diaria fue de 0.06 a 0.27 mm longitud del cefalotórax (CL) y no se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre estaciones. La mortalidad total (Z) semanal estuvo entre 0.04 y 0.34. Reclutas, jóvenes y subadultos presentan un patrón de distribución bimodal regulado por las condiciones prevalecientes durante la estación de estío. Los valores máximos de abundancia de los estadios juveniles se presentan en diciembre-enero y marzo-mayo. La abundancia presentó una correlación significativa inversa con la salinidad (r=-0.42; p&lt;0.05) y positiva (r=0.44; p&lt;0.05) con el contenido de limo. No se distinguió una clara correlación entre la talla de emigración, la estación del año y la temperatura del agua.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Litopenaeus vannamei</kwd>
<kwd>population dynamics</kwd>
<kwd>coastal lagoons</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
<kwd>Litopenaeus vannamei</kwd>
<kwd>dinámica poblacional</kwd>
<kwd>lagunas costeras</kwd>
<kwd>México</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manejo y Conservación de Cuencas Compartidas entre Las Reservas de la Biosfera &quot;El Triunfo&quot; y &quot;La Encrucijada&quot;, Chiapas, México: &quot;Estudio Socioeconómico en la Cuenca Hidrológica de Pijijiapan, Chiapas&quot;, Informe Final IDESMAC, Instituto de Historia Natural, Reserva de La Biosfera la Encrucijada, Chiapas, México</article-title>
<source>Manejo y Conservación de Cuencas Compartidas entre Las Reservas de la Biosfera &quot;El Triunfo&quot; y &quot;La Encrucijada&quot;, Chiapas, México: &quot;Estudio Socioeconómico en la Cuenca Hidrológica de Pijijiapan, Chiapas&quot;, Informe Final IDESMAC, Instituto de Historia Natural, Reserva de La Biosfera la Encrucijada, Chiapas, México</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Anonymous</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Programa de Manejo: Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada&quot;</article-title>
<source>Programa de Manejo: Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada&quot;</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Ecología, SEMARNAP</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anuario Estadístico de Pesca: 1999</article-title>
<source>Anuario Estadístico de Pesca: 1999</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mazatlán^eSinaloa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Secretaría de Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales y Pesca</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Contreras</surname>
<given-names>E.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecosistemas Costeros Mexicanos</article-title>
<source>Ecosistemas Costeros Mexicanos</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONABIO-UAM Iztapalapa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diagnosis de la pesquería de camarón del Golfo de Tehuantepec, Pacífico Sur de México</article-title>
<source>Diagnosis de la pesquería de camarón del Golfo de Tehuantepec, Pacífico Sur de México</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>An. Centro Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>D’Croz</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chérigo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Esquivel</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Observaciones sobre la biología y pesca del camarón blanco (Penaeus spp.) en el pacífico de Panamá</article-title>
<source>An. Centro Cienc. Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Autón. México</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De La Lanza</surname>
<given-names>E.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Oceanografía de Mares Mexicanos</article-title>
<source>Oceanografía de Mares Mexicanos</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>AGT</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>R.R.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Field experiments on growth and mortality of Penaeus vannamei in a Mexico coastal lagoon complex</article-title>
<source>Estuarine Coast. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Le Reste</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ciclos vitales, dinámica, explotación y ordenamiento de las poblaciones de camarones peneidos costeros</article-title>
<source>Ciclos vitales, dinámica, explotación y ordenamiento de las poblaciones de camarones peneidos costeros</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Roma </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García-Borbón</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Madrid-Vera</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Cruz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Juárez</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chávez-Herrera</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro- Castro</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zárate-Becerra</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beléndez-Moreno</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales-Bojórquez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Loreto-Campos</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Montiel</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Anguiano-Carrazco</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alvarado-Sarabia</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Inicio de la temporada de veda 2004 para la pesquería de camarón del océano pacífico mexicano: Informe de Investigación, Dirección General de Investigación Pesquera en el Pacífico Norte</article-title>
<source>Inicio de la temporada de veda 2004 para la pesquería de camarón del océano pacífico mexicano: Informe de Investigación, Dirección General de Investigación Pesquera en el Pacífico Norte</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mazatlán^eSinaloa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, SAGARPA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guerra</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fundamentos de explotación de recursos vivos marinos</article-title>
<source>Fundamentos de explotación de recursos vivos marinos</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Zaragoza </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>ACRIBIA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lindner</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cook</surname>
<given-names>H.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Synopsis of biological data on the white shrimp Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)</article-title>
<source>FAO Fish. Rep</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Medina-Reyna</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales-Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salinas-Orta</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El reclutamiento de las postlarvas de camarón (Penaeus vannamei) en el Golfo de Tehuantepec: una revisión</article-title>
<source>Cienc. Mar, México</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Medina-Reyna</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and Emigration of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in the Mar Muerto Lagoon, Southern Mexico</article-title>
<source>Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Castañeda</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Defeo</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Population Variability of Four Sympatric Penaeid Shrimps (Farfantepenaeus spp.) in Tropical Coastal Lagoon of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Est. Coastal Shelf Sci</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Farfante</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic characters of juveniles of the shrimp Penaeus aztecus aztecus, P. duorarum duorarum and P. brasilensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae)</article-title>
<source>Spec. Scient. Rep. U.S. Fish Wildl Serv. Fisheries</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Farfante</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Características diagnósticas de los jóvenes de Penaeus aztecus subtilis, P. duorarum notialis y P. brasilensis (Crustacea, Decapada, Penaeidae)</article-title>
<source>Separatas Memorias Sociedad Ciencias Naturales La Salle</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Cruz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Composición por tallas, edad y crecimiento de Litopenaeus vannamei (Natantia: Penaeidae), en la laguna Mar Muerto, Oaxaca-Chiapas, México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reid</surname>
<given-names>K.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Word</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries</article-title>
<source>Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries</source>
<year>1961</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>D. van Nostrand Co</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sanvicente-Añorve</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castillo-Rivera</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Browman</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Skiftesvik</surname>
<given-names>A.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The use of kernel density estimators to analyze length-frequency distributions of fish larvae</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Big Fish Bang: Proceeding of the 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference</article-title>
<source>The Big Fish Bang: Proceeding of the 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bergen </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Institute of Marine Research</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shimizu</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Taniuchi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nonparametric assessment of multimodality for univariate data</article-title>
<source>Stata Technical Bulletin</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Silverman</surname>
<given-names>B.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Density estimation for statistics and data analysis</article-title>
<source>Density estimation for statistics and data analysis</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Chapman and Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sierra</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liedo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Melchor</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosas</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Toledo</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zárate</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Camarón del Océano Pacífico</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sustentabilidad y Pesca Responsable en México: Evaluación y Manejo 1999-2000</article-title>
<source>Sustentabilidad y Pesca Responsable en México: Evaluación y Manejo 1999-2000</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mazatlán^eSinaloa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de la Pesca, SAGARPA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shepard</surname>
<given-names>F.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Submarine geology</article-title>
<source>Submarine geology</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Harper &amp; Row</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sparre</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Venema</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la evaluación de recursos pesqueros tropicales: Parte 1: Manual. FAO documento técnico de pesca 306/1 Rev. 2 DANIDA</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la evaluación de recursos pesqueros tropicales: Parte 1: Manual. FAO documento técnico de pesca 306/1 Rev. 2 DANIDA</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Roma </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stata Statistical Software for Windows: Release 8.0</article-title>
<source>Stata Statistical Software for Windows: Release 8.0</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eTx </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>College Station</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología de la Zona Costera: Análisis de siete tópicos</article-title>
<source>Ecología de la Zona Costera: Análisis de siete tópicos</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>AGT</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fecundity of the crustacean Mysidopsis californica (Mysida, Mysidae) under semi-controlled conditions</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ortega-Salas</surname>
<given-names>Armando A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Núñez-Pastén</surname>
<given-names>Arturo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Camacho M</surname>
<given-names>Humberto A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Unidad Académica Mazatlán </institution>
<addr-line>Mazatlán Sinaloa</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>535</fpage>
<lpage>539</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Mysid crustaceans are frequently used in the laboratory to feed cephalopods and fish, but not along the Pacific coast, where they are scarce. There is no commercial aquaculture of mysids in the Pacific Ocean. To change this situation, we calculate fecundity, survival, and sex ratio of Mysidopsis californica under semi-controlled conditions. Mysids were collected manually using a 500 µm-mesh net along the rocky coast of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. They were transferred to three 30 L seawater aquaria in the laboratory, and fed (ad libitum) Artemia nauplii and rotifers. Two generations were obtained. The relationship between the number of juveniles born and parent female lengths showed a rate of 1.56 juveniles released per each unit of increasing parent female length. An average parent female length of 6.92 mm (SD=0.82) gave 9.96 (SD=4.29) released juveniles. The frequency of female length showed a mean of 7.3 mm (SD=0.54), whereas that of juveniles showed a mean of 1.7 mm (SD=0.16). Survival and sex ratios (females-males) varied from 77.7 % to 88.6 % and 2.5:1 to 3.0:1, respectively. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 535-539. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El objetivo de este trabajo fue calcular la fecundidad, supervivencia y la proporción de sexos de Mysidopsis californica en condiciones semi-controladas. Los animales fueron recolectados manualmente utilizando una red con malla de 500 µm a lo largo de la costa rocosa de Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. Una vez en el laboratorio fueron colocados en tres acuarios de 30 L cada uno y alimentados con nauplios de Artemia y rotíferos; estudiándose dos generaciones. La relación entre el número de jóvenes nacidos y la longitud de las madres dio una tasa de 1.56 jóvenes nacidos por cada unidad de incremento de la longitud de la hembra. En promedio, hembras de 6.92 mm (SD=0.82) producían 9.96 (SD=4.29) jóvenes. La frecuencia de la longitud promedio de la hembra fue de 7.3 mm (SD=0.54), mientras que los jóvenes medían en promedio 1.7 mm (SD=0.16). La supervivencia y la proporción de sexos (hembrasmachos) varió entre 77.7 % y 88.6 % y entre 2.5:1 y 3.0:1, respectivamente.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Mysidopsis californica (Mysida, Mysidae)</kwd>
<kwd>fecundity</kwd>
<kwd>survival</kwd>
<kwd>sex ratio</kwd>
<kwd>Mexican Pacific Ocean</kwd>
<kwd>Mysidopsis californica (Mysida, Mysidae)</kwd>
<kwd>fecundidad</kwd>
<kwd>supervivencia</kwd>
<kwd>proporción de sexos</kwd>
<kwd>Océano Pacifico Mexicano</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Casanova</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">La faune pelagique profonde (zooplancton et micronecton) de la province Atlanta-Mediterranéenne: Aspects taxonomique, biologique et zoogeographique</article-title>
<source>La faune pelagique profonde (zooplancton et micronecton) de la province Atlanta-Mediterranéenne: Aspects taxonomique, biologique et zoogeographique</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clutter</surname>
<given-names>R.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Zonation of near shore mysids</article-title>
<source>Ecology</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Domingues</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sykes</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sommerfield</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Almansa</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lorenzo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and survival of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) of different ages fed crustaceans and fish: Effects of frozen and live prey</article-title>
<source>Aquaculture</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>229</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Foster</surname>
<given-names>E.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ritz</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Osborn</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Swading</surname>
<given-names>K.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Schooling affects the feeding success of Australian salmon Arripis trutta when preying on mysid swarms Paramesopodopsis rufa</article-title>
<source>J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>261</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hanlon</surname>
<given-names>R.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Turk</surname>
<given-names>P.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Squid and cuttlefish mariculture: an update perspective</article-title>
<source>J. Cephal. Biol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mauchline</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The broods of British Mysidacea (Crustacea)</article-title>
<source>J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>53</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mauchline</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The broods of British Mysidacea (Crustacea)</article-title>
<source>J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>53</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reichert</surname>
<given-names>M.J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diet, consumption, and growth of juvenile fringed flounder (Etropus crossotus): a test of the ‘maximum growth/optimum food hypotheses in a subtropical nursery area</article-title>
<source>J. Sea Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ruppert</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barnes</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Zoología de los Invertebrados</article-title>
<source>Zoología de los Invertebrados</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw-Hill Interamericana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wittmann</surname>
<given-names>K.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On the breeding biology and physiology of marsupial development in Mediterranean Leptomysis (Mysidacea: Crustacea) with special reference to the effects of temperature and egg size</article-title>
<source>J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>53</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wittmann</surname>
<given-names>K.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecophysiology of marsupial development and reproduction in Mysidacea (Crustacea)</article-title>
<source>Ocean. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Woods</surname>
<given-names>C.M.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth of cultured seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) in relation to feed ration</article-title>
<source>Aquacult. Internat</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wortham-Neal</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Price</surname>
<given-names>W.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Marsupial developmental stages in Americamysis bahia (Mysida: Mysidae)</article-title>
<source>J. Crust. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tramas tróficas de peces de arrecifes en la región noroccidental de Cuba: I. Contenido estomacal</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>Ivet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>Consuelo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González Sansón</surname>
<given-names>Gaspar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de La Habana Centro de Investigaciones Marinas </institution>
<addr-line>Ciudad de La Habana </addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>541</fpage>
<lpage>555</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Trophic webs of reef fishes in northwestern Cuba. I. Stomach contents. Studies on the reef fishes of Cuba are not rare, but most have two basic limitations: small sample sizes and exclusion of small species. Our study sampled more species and larger samples in the sublitoral region of Havana city (23º7.587´ N, 82º25.793´ W), 2-18 m deep. We collected fish weekly from October 2004 through February 2006 with traps and harpoon. Overfishing has modified the fish communities. We used the relative importance index to describe the diets of carnivore and omnivore species, and a modification of the relative abundance method for the herbivores and sponge-eating species. The main food items are benthonic crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, copepods) and bony fish (mainly demersal species). Most species are eurifagous and thus, less affected by anthropic disturbance than specialist feeders. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 541-555. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se analizó el contenido estomacal de los peces arrecifales más abundantes de una zona del sublitoral rocoso de Ciudad de La Habana, desde octubre del 2004 hasta febrero del 2006. Para describir las dietas de las especies de peces carnívoras y omnívoras se empleó el índice de importancia relativa. Para los herbívoros y consumidores de esponjas se usó una modificación del método de abundancia relativa. La mayoría de las especies estudiadas son eurífagas y consumen principalmente otros peces y crustáceos bénticos.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>stomach content</kwd>
<kwd>alimentation</kwd>
<kwd>reef fish</kwd>
<kwd>fish’s diet</kwd>
<kwd>Cuba</kwd>
<kwd>contenido estomacal</kwd>
<kwd>alimentación</kwd>
<kwd>peces de arrecife</kwd>
<kwd>dieta de peces</kwd>
<kwd>Cuba</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aguilar Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La ictiofauna costera de Ciudad de La Habana: Efectos acumulativos de agentes estresantes múltiples en varios niveles de organización biológica</article-title>
<source>La ictiofauna costera de Ciudad de La Habana: Efectos acumulativos de agentes estresantes múltiples en varios niveles de organización biológica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aguilar Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Sansón</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Veledo Alemán</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Alimentación natural de jóvenes de rabirrubia (Ocyurus crysurus) (Blosh), en una de las plataformas occidentales de Cuba</article-title>
<source>Rev. Invest. Mar</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias-González</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galzin</surname>
<given-names>E.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harmelin-Vivien</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial, ontogenetic and temporal variation in the feeding habits of the squirrelfish Sargocentron microstoma on reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beebe</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tee-van</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The fish of Port-au-Prince Bay, Haití with a summary of the known species of marine fish of the island of Haití and Santo Domingo</article-title>
<source>Zoologica</source>
<year>1928</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Booth</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hixon</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food ration and condition affect early survival of the coral reef damselfish, Stegastes partitus</article-title>
<source>Oecologia</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>121</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bouchon-Navaro</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Partitioning of food and space resources by chaetodontid fishes on coral reefs</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>103</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marrow</surname>
<given-names>G.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pryor</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of the ecology and reproduction of Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, off the coast of Belize, Central America</article-title>
<source>Proc. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cervigón</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los peces marinos de Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Los peces marinos de Venezuela</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Caracas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial Científica Los Roques</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología y ciclo de vida de la biajaiba Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus) en la plataforma cubana: III. Nutrición</article-title>
<source>Cienc. Biol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología y ciclo de vida del pargo criollo Lutjanus analis (Cuvier) en la plataforma cubana</article-title>
<source>Acad. Cienc. Cuba, Inf. Cient. Tec</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>186</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology and life cycle of Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus), from the Cuban shelf: 1. Identity, distribution and habitat, feeding and reproduction</article-title>
<source>Rep. Invest. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Características generales de la ictiofauna</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba</article-title>
<source>Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Qintana Roo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Inst. Oceanol. y CIQRO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cocheret</surname>
<given-names>E.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pollux</surname>
<given-names>B.J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagelkerken</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van deer Velde</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diet shifts of Caribbean grunts (Haemulidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) and the relation with nursery-to-coral reef Migrations</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Edgar</surname>
<given-names>G.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The production and trophic ecology of shallow-water fish assemblages in southern Australia: II. Diets of fishes and trophic relationships between fishes and benthos at Western Port, victoria</article-title>
<source>J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>194</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eschmeyer</surname>
<given-names>W.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalog of Fishes</article-title>
<source>Catalog of Fishes</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>California </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Centre Biod. Res. and California Acad. Sci. III. T. San Francisco</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Faloh</surname>
<given-names>I.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Alimentación natural de Stegastes partitus (Poey, 1868), en el sublitoral de Ciudad de La Habana</article-title>
<source>Alimentación natural de Stegastes partitus (Poey, 1868), en el sublitoral de Ciudad de La Habana</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García-Arteaga</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sierra</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Características biológicas del bonací gato Mycteroperca tigris (Pisces: Serranidae), en la plataforma SW de Cuba: II. Alimentación, edad y crecimiento</article-title>
<source>Rev. Invest. Mar</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guitart</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sinopsis de los peces marinos de Cuba</article-title>
<source>Sinopsis de los peces marinos de Cuba</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Habana </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Científico-Técnica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Hernández</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguilar Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Sansón</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Variación estacional de la abundancia de especies de peces seleccionadas en el sublitoral rocoso de Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba</article-title>
<source>Rev. Invest. Mar</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hixon</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beets</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predation, prey refuges and structure of coral reef fish assemblages</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Monogr</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jensen</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food for Thought: Fish Diet Analysis. Fish 210: Techniques in Fisheries Fall. Lab #9</article-title>
<source>Food for Thought: Fish Diet Analysis. Fish 210: Techniques in Fisheries Fall. Lab #9</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macpherson</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning in a Mediterranean demersal fish community</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morato</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Solá</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grós</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Menezes</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diets of thornback ray (Raja clavata) and tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in the bottom longline fishery of the Azores, northeastern Atlantic</article-title>
<source>Fish. Bull</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>101</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pastor</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Características biológicas de cinco especies de peces marinos ornamentales</article-title>
<source>Características biológicas de cinco especies de peces marinos ornamentales</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A model of oxygen-mediated filial cannibalism in fishes</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Model</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>174</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Piet</surname>
<given-names>G.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pfisterer</surname>
<given-names>A.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rijnsdorp</surname>
<given-names>A.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On factors structuring the flatfish assemblage in the southern North Sea</article-title>
<source>J. Sea Res</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pinkas</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliphant</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Iverson</surname>
<given-names>J.L.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters: California</article-title>
<source>Fish and Game Fish. Bull</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>152</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies</article-title>
<source>Stud. Trop. Oceanogr</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rooker</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Feeding ecology of the schoolmaster snapper Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum), from the southwestern Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sadovy</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eklund</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sinopsis of biological data on the Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1972), and the jewfish, E. itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)</article-title>
<source>NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>146</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sierra</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Popova</surname>
<given-names>O.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Feeding of Caranx ruber Bloch from the southwestern region of Cuban plataform</article-title>
<source>Rep. Invest. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sierra</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Popova</surname>
<given-names>O.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lindeman</surname>
<given-names>K.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parenti</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trophic biology of the marine fishes of Cuba</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba</article-title>
<source>Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Smithsonian</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Suárez</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Sansón</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Comparación de dos métodos para la cuantificación del fitobentos</article-title>
<source>Rev. Invest. Mar</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>K.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Garine-Wichatitsky</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Energetics of juvenile Ephinephelus groupers; impact of summer temperatures and activity patterns on growth rates</article-title>
<source>Proc. Gulf Carib. Fish. Inst</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega-Cendejas</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arreguin-Sanchez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trophic interrelations in a beach seine fishery from the northwestern coast of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Ecol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salamunovich</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ridenhour</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food Habits of Fishes in the Redwood Creek Estuary</article-title>
<source>Food Habits of Fishes in the Redwood Creek Estuary</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in a coastal lagoon of the Biosphere Reserve La Encrucijada, Chiapas, Mexico</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Velázquez-Velázquez</surname>
<given-names>Ernesto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega-Cendejas</surname>
<given-names>M. Eugenia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Navarro-Alberto</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>Chiapas </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CINVESTAV-IPN  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>557</fpage>
<lpage>574</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Composition and abundance of the ichthyofauna in estuarine and coastal lagoon systems of the South Pacific in Mexico have been scarcely studied. In particular, there is a lack of information on how environmental variables determine the spatio-temporal structure of fish assemblages in those habitats. In this study, fishes were sampled by drop net during twelve months (May 2004 -April 2005) in 22 sites distributed along the Carretas-Pereyra lagoon, located in the Biosphere Reserve La Encrucijada, Chiapas, Mexico. We recorded 11 797 individuals (40 species, in 30 genera and 21 families). Dormitator latifrons was the most dominant species in terms of the Importance Value index, IV (23.05 %), followed by Lile gracilis (10.31 %), Poecilia sphenops (8.60 %) and Poecilia butleri (7.30 %). D. latifrons also accounted for more than one half of the total biomass (50.14 %). Species richness and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity indexes showed similar temporal fluctuations, reaching their highest values during the dry season. The system evidenced temporal variations in salinity, having observed four different regimes: freshwater, oligohaline, mesohaline and polyhaline. Mean richness and diversity indexes achieved their highest values during the mesohaline period. On the other hand, mean abundances (CPUE) were highest during the freshwater period. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that salinity and temperature were the most important environmental parameters affecting associations of fishes in terms of their abundances. Correlation analyses revealed that among the environmental variables measured in this study, transparency showed the most significant negative correlation with fish richness and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index. At a local scale, results suggest that spatial and temporal distribution of fish assemblages are determined by differences in the regimes of salinity and transparency, primarily driven by freshwater input from rivers. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 557-574. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se evaluó la influencia de los factores ambientales sobre la variación espacio-temporal de los ensamblajes de peces, en el sistema lagunar Carretas-Pereyra, Chiapas, México. Entre mayo de 2004 y abril de 2005, se realizaron 12 muestreos mensuales en 22 sitios. Se recolectaron 11 797 organismos, pertenecientes a 40 especies, representando a 30 géneros y 21 familias. Dormitator latifrons fue la especie dominante en Índice de Valor de importancia, IV (23.05 %), seguida por Lile gracilis (10.31 %), Poecilia sphenops (8.60 %) y Poecilia butleri (7.30 %). D. latifrons, contribuyó con 50.14 % de la biomasa total. Los valores de riqueza y diversidad de especies (H’) mostraron variaciones temporales similares, siendo más altos en la época de secas que de lluvias. El sistema lagunar presentó variaciones importantes en los valores de salinidad con los siguientes regimenes: agua dulce, oligohalino, mesohalino y polihalino. La riqueza media de especies y la diversidad alcanzaron sus valores más altos durante el periodo mesohalino. Contrario a los valores de riqueza y diversidad, la abundancia promedio (CPUE) presentó los valores más altos durante el régimen de agua dulce.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>fish assemblages</kwd>
<kwd>coastal lagoon</kwd>
<kwd>spatio-temporal variation</kwd>
<kwd>species diversity</kwd>
<kwd>environmental factors</kwd>
<kwd>La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve</kwd>
<kwd>Chiapas</kwd>
<kwd>ensamblaje de peces</kwd>
<kwd>lagunas costeras</kwd>
<kwd>diversidad de especies</kwd>
<kwd>Carretas-Pereyra</kwd>
<kwd>factores ambientales</kwd>
<kwd>México</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Akin</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buhan</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winemiller</surname>
<given-names>K.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yilmaz</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish assemblage structure of Koycegiz Lagoon-Estuary, Turkey: Spatial and temporal distribution patterns in relation to environmental variation</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Álvarez</surname>
<given-names>R.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Amezcua-Linares</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yánez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología y estructura de las comunidades de peces en el sistema lagunar Teacapán-Agua Brava, Nayarit, México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Cienc. Mar Limnol. UNAM</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Amezcua-Linares</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Generalidades ictiológicas del sistema lagunar costero de Huizache-Caimanero, Sinaloa, México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Cienc. Mar Limnol. UNAM</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Programa de manejo Reserva de la Biosfera la Encrucijada</article-title>
<source>Programa de manejo Reserva de la Biosfera la Encrucijada</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Ecología</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Araujo</surname>
<given-names>F.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cruz-Filho</surname>
<given-names>A.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Azevedo</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Community structure of the demersal fish of Septembay</article-title>
<source>Rev. Brasil. Biol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>58</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ayala-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flores</surname>
<given-names>H.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La comunidad de peces de la Laguna de Términos: estructura actual comparada</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>S.J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish and fisheries on tropical estuaries</article-title>
<source>Fish and fisheries on tropical estuaries</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Chapman &amp; Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>S.J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Milton</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Species composition, community structure and zoogeography</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>105</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>S.J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>T.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fishes</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brower</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source></source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cabral-Solis</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espino-Barr</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Distribución y abundancia espacio-temporal de los peces en la laguna de Cuyutlán, Colima, México</article-title>
<source>Oceánides</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los peces de la laguna Oriental y Occidental, Oaxaca, México y sus relaciones con la temperatura y salinidad: II. Análisis multifactorial</article-title>
<source>An. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. México</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmitter-Soto</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México</article-title>
<source>Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>LIMUSA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis de la comunidad de una laguna costera en la costa sur occidental de México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Cienc. Mar Limnol. UNAM</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Claridge</surname>
<given-names>P.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potter</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hardisty</surname>
<given-names>M.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal changes in movements, abundance, size composition and diversity of the fish fauna of the Severn estuary</article-title>
<source>J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Contreras</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecosistemas costeros mexicanos</article-title>
<source>Ecosistemas costeros mexicanos</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONABIO/UAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Corona</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad íctica en ríos de la vertiente del Pacífico de Chiapas</article-title>
<source>Rev. Dig. Univ</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cyrrus</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>S.J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Turbidity and salinity in a tropical Northern estuary and their influence on fish distribution</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Day</surname>
<given-names>J.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Coastal lagoons and estuaries as an environment for nekton</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish community ecology in estuaries and coastal lagoons: Towards an ecosystem integration</article-title>
<source>Fish community ecology in estuaries and coastal lagoons: Towards an ecosystem integration</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMexico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz-Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cano-Quiroga</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguirre-León</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortega-Bernal</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad, abundancia y conjuntos ictiofaunísticos del sistema lagunar-estuarino Chantuto-Panzacola, Chiapas, México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eschmeyer</surname>
<given-names>W.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalog of fishes: Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences</article-title>
<source>Catalog of fishes: Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Espino-Barr</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruiz-Luna</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Boa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in tropical fish assemblages associated with small-scale fisheries: a case study in the Pacific off central México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Franco-López</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chávez-López</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Síntesis sobre el conocimiento de la ictiofauna de la laguna de Tamiahua, Veracruz, México</article-title>
<source>Hidrobiológica</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3-4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gelwick</surname>
<given-names>P.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alkin</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arrinton</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winemiller</surname>
<given-names>K.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish assemblage structure in relation to environmental variation in a Texas Gulf coastal wetland</article-title>
<source>Estuaries</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hagan</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Able</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal changes of the pelagic fish assemblages in a temperate estuary</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kalk</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McLachlan</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Howard-Williams</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Lake Chilwa, studies of change in a tropical ecosystem</article-title>
<source>Monogr. Biol</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kneib</surname>
<given-names>R.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Early life stages of resident nekton in intertidal marshes</article-title>
<source>Estuaries</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krebs</surname>
<given-names>J.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological methodology</article-title>
<source>Ecological methodology</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Francisoc^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Addison Wesley Longman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ley</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mclvor</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Montague</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes in mangrove prop-root habitats of northeastern Florida bay: Distinct assemblages across an estuarine gradient</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Madrid</surname>
<given-names>V.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosado</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magurran</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological diversity and its measurement</article-title>
<source>Ecological diversity and its measurement</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princeton University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McHugh</surname>
<given-names>L.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The estuarine ecosystem integrated: Foreword</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish community ecology in estuaries and coastal lagoons: Towards an ecosystem integration</article-title>
<source>Fish community ecology in estuaries and coastal lagoons: Towards an ecosystem integration</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMexico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes of the world</article-title>
<source>Fishes of the world</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ostrand</surname>
<given-names>G.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilde</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity tolerances of five prairie stream fishes and their role in explaining fish assemblage patterns</article-title>
<source>T. Am. Fish Soc</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>130</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paperno</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brodie</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of environmental variables upon the spatial and temporal structure of fish community in a small, freshwater tributary of the Indian River lagoon, Florida</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Orozco</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación de la riqueza de especies de peces en lagunas costeras mexicanas: Estudio de un caso en el Golfo de México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Piet</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of environmental perturbation on a tropical fish community</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ray</surname>
<given-names>C.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Coastal-zone biodiversity patterns</article-title>
<source>BioScience</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Raz-Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hiudobro</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish communities in two environmentally different estuarine systems of Mexico</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shih-Rong</surname>
<given-names>K.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hsing-Juh</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kwang-Tsao</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish assemblages in the mangrove creeks of northern and southern Taiwan</article-title>
<source>Estuaries</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rolf</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biometry: The principles and practice of statistic in biological research</article-title>
<source>Biometry: The principles and practice of statistic in biological research</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>New York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tapia-García</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Suárez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cercenares</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Macuitl</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Composición y distribución de la ictiofauna en la laguna del Mar Muerto, Pacífico Mexicano</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>ter Braak</surname>
<given-names>C.J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verdonschot</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Travers</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potter</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Factors influencing the characteristics of fish assemblages in a large subtropical marine embayment</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega-Cendejas</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish community structure and dynamics in a coastal hypersaline lagoon: Rio Lagartos, Yucatán, México</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf S</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega-Cendejas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Trama trófica de la comunidad nectónica asociada al ecosistema de manglar en el litoral norte de Yucatán</article-title>
<source>Trama trófica de la comunidad nectónica asociada al ecosistema de manglar en el litoral norte de Yucatán</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villatoro</surname>
<given-names>A.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riqueza ictiofaunística del sistema lagunar Carretas-Pereyra, Chiapas, México y aspectos tróficos de cinco especies de peces</article-title>
<source>Riqueza ictiofaunística del sistema lagunar Carretas-Pereyra, Chiapas, México y aspectos tróficos de cinco especies de peces</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Whitfield</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ichthyofaunal assemblages in estuaries: A South African case study</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wolda</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Similarity indices, sample size and diversity</article-title>
<source>Oecología</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Taxonomía, ecología y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efímeras del Pacífico de México</article-title>
<source>Centro de Cien. Mar Limnol. UNAM Publ. Esp</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arriaga</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>C.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>L.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>S.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Regiones marinas prioritarias de México</article-title>
<source>Regiones marinas prioritarias de México</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arriaga</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinoza-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguilar-Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Romero</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Loa</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias de México</article-title>
<source>Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias de México</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Comisión Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO)</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benítez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arizmendi</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Márquez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Base de datos de las áreas de importancia para la conservación de las aves (AICAS)</article-title>
<source>Base de datos de las áreas de importancia para la conservación de las aves (AICAS)</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CIPAMEX, CONABIO, FMCN y CCAMéxico</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial distribution and species composition of small pelagic fishes in the Gulf of California</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lanz</surname>
<given-names>Edgar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>Manuel O</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>López-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>Juana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dworak</surname>
<given-names>Juan A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Tecnológico de Guaymas  </institution>
<addr-line> Sonora</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto Nacional de la Pesca Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera </institution>
<addr-line> Sonora</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste  </institution>
<addr-line> Baja California Sur</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>575</fpage>
<lpage>590</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Traditional regionalization methods in fisheries based on provinces or major fishing areas, includes large and arbitrary grids in which basic statistics or inferences on distribution or abundance are made. We describe a method for regionalization and analysis of fishing activities for small pelagic fisheries in the Gulf of California based on spatial patterns of landing and catch data in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. A fisheries database from logbooks with spatial attributes from October 2002 to June 2007 was analyzed. Landings and catching data were transformed to a Weighted Region Index (WRI) by using fuzzy logic operators. The WRI revealed fishing action centers characterized by areas with the highest WRI values, and a hierarchy for the relative importance of the regions was established. Guaymas, Desemboque de Caborca, Isla Patos, and Bahía San Rafael they were the most prominent ones. An analysis of the relative frequency of species composition showed that the Pacific sardine had an over 80 % abundance in the midriff islands, and remained as the most important in the upper gulf regions, while in the central part of the gulf, relative abundances of Pacific sardine and Northern anchovy were more balanced. Relative abundance of mackerel was significantly larger around Isla Patos than in any other place. Guaymas had the largest relative composition of Northern anchovy and the lowest values for Pacific sardine. Desemboque de Caborca showed the largest homogeneity in species relative composition. It is important to highlight that this results come from in situ data, while the results previously reported come from landing statistics by port. Therefore, the present method acknowledges the spatial differences of species by regions, additional to the traditional time series analysis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 575-590. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los métodos tradicionales de regionalización en pesquerías, basados en provincias o grandes regiones, incluyen áreas arbitrarias y homogéneas sobre las cuales se realiza estadística básica o inferencias relacionadas con la distribución y la abundancia de estos recursos. El presente trabajo describe una metodología para la regionalización y el análisis de la actividad pesquera de pelágicos menores en el Golfo de California basado en los patrones espaciales de la información de lances y capturas utilizando herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). La información pesquera, con atributos espaciales, provino de bitácoras de pesca para el periodo comprendido de octubre 2002 a junio 2007. Los datos de lances y capturas fueron transformados a un Índice de Región Ponderada (WRI) utilizando operadores de lógica difusa. El WRI reveló centros de actividad pesquera caracterizados por áreas con los valores más altos de WRI y se obtuvo un orden jerárquico para denotar la importancia relativa de cada región, siendo las regiones de Guaymas, el Desemboque de Caborca, Isla Patos y Bahía San Rafael, los más prominentes. El análisis de la frecuencia relativa de la composición de especies mostró que la sardina Monterrey tuvo una abundancia relativa mayor al 80% en la región de las Grandes Islas y permaneció como la especie más importante en las regiones del alto golfo, mientras que en la parte central del golfo las abundancias de la sardina Monterrey y la ancho-veta norteña estuvieron más equilibradas. La abundancia relativa de la macarela fue significativamente mayor en la región de la Isla Patos, respecto a cualquier otra región. La región de Guaymas mostró la mayor composición relativa de anchoveta norteña, en contraste con los más bajos valores de sardina Monterrey. El Desemboque de Caborca mostró la mayor homogeneidad en la composición relativa de especies. Estos resultados provienen de datos in situ, mientras que los resultados previamente reportados provienen de estadísticas de lances por puerto. En consecuencia, el presente método reconoce las diferencias espaciales en la composición de especies por regiones (adicionales a los tradicionales análisis de series de tiempo).</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>spatial distribution</kwd>
<kwd>Gulf of California</kwd>
<kwd>GIS</kwd>
<kwd>fishing regions</kwd>
<kwd>small pelagic fishes</kwd>
<kwd>distribución espacial</kwd>
<kwd>Golfo de California</kwd>
<kwd>SIG</kwd>
<kwd>regiones pesqueras</kwd>
<kwd>pelágicos menores</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alvarez-Borrego</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ketchurn</surname>
<given-names>B.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gulf of California</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Estuaries and enclosed seas</article-title>
<source>Estuaries and enclosed seas</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Amsterdam </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Pelágicos menores: Sustentabilidad y Pesca responsable en México. Evaluación y Manejo, 1997-1998</article-title>
<source>Pelágicos menores: Sustentabilidad y Pesca responsable en México. Evaluación y Manejo, 1997-1998</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico DF </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>INP, SEMARNAP</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Report of the First Session of the Advisory Committee on Fishery Research</article-title>
<source>FAO Fish. Rep</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>571</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Badan-Dangon</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koblinsky</surname>
<given-names>C.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baumgartner</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spring and summer in the Gulf of California, observations of surface thermal patterns</article-title>
<source>Oceanol. Acta</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bakun</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Broad</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Environmental ‘loopholes’ and fish population dynamics: comparative pattern recognition with focus on El Nino effects in the Pacific</article-title>
<source>Fish. Oceanogr</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beier</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A numerical investigation of the annual variability in the Gulf of California</article-title>
<source>J. Phys. Ocean</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bertrand</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Segura</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vásquez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">From small-scale habitat loopholes to decadal cycles: a habitat-based hypothesis explaining fluctuation in pelagic fish populations off Peru</article-title>
<source>Fish Fisheries</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonham-Carter</surname>
<given-names>G.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geographic Information Systems for geoscientists: Modelling with GIS</article-title>
<source>Geographic Information Systems for geoscientists: Modelling with GIS</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Tarrytown^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd., Computer Methods in the Geosciences</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Christy</surname>
<given-names>F.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Development and Management of Marine Fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Social Programs and Sustainable Development Department, Enviroment Division, Policy Research Paper</article-title>
<source>The Development and Management of Marine Fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Social Programs and Sustainable Development Department, Enviroment Division, Policy Research Paper</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington D.C </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chua</surname>
<given-names>T.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aquaculture production in Asia: a reassessment</article-title>
<source>NAGA the ICLARM Quarterly</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cisneros-Mata</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hammann</surname>
<given-names>M.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The rise and fall of the Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard), in the Gulf of California, Mexico</article-title>
<source>CalCOFI Rep</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cisneros-Mata</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Montemayor-López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Modeling deterministic effects of age structure, density dependence, environmental forcing and fishing on the population dynamics of Sardinops sagax caeruleus in the Gulf of California</article-title>
<source>CalCOFI Rep</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Curtis</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Using a Spatial Filter and a Geographic Information System to Improve Rabies Surveillance Data</article-title>
<source>Emerg. Infect. Dis</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cury</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bakun</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crawford</surname>
<given-names>R.J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jarre</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quinones</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shannon</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>verheye</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Small pelagics in upwelling systems: patterns of interaction and structural changes in ‘‘wasp-waist’’ ecosystems</article-title>
<source>ICES Journal of Marine Science</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de Young</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alheit</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beaugrand</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mantua</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shannon</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Detecting regime shifts in the ocean: data considerations</article-title>
<source>Prog. Oceanogr</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pingree</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Coupling between physical and biological fields in the North Atlantic subtropical front southeast of the Azores</article-title>
<source>Deep-Sea Res</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gaxiola-Castro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Álvarez-Borrego</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lavín</surname>
<given-names>M. F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zirino</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nájera-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial variability of the photosynthetic parameters and biomass of the Gulf of California phytoplankton</article-title>
<source>J. Plankt. Res</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hammann</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baumgartner</surname>
<given-names>T.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Badan-Dangon</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Coupling of the Pacific Sardine (Sardinopx sagax caeruleus) life cycle with the Gulf of California pelagic environment</article-title>
<source>CalCOFI Rep</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Integrated Land and Water Information System ILWIS. User´s guide</article-title>
<source>The Integrated Land and Water Information System ILWIS. User´s guide</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Enschede </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jennings</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blanchard</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish abundance with no fishing: predictions based on macroecological theory</article-title>
<source>J. Anim. Ecol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kawasaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sharp</surname>
<given-names>G.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Csirke</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Why do some pelagic fishes have wide fluctuations in their numbers?: A biological basis of fluctuation from the viewpoint of evolutionary ecology</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reports of the Expert Consultation to Examine Changes in Abundance and Species Composition of Neritic Fish Resources</article-title>
<source>Reports of the Expert Consultation to Examine Changes in Abundance and Species Composition of Neritic Fish Resources</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>291</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lavín</surname>
<given-names>M.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beier</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Badan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura hidrográfica y circulación del Golfo de California: Escalas estacional e interanual</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribuciones a la Oceanografía Física en México: Monografía No. 3, M.F. ed. M.F. Lavín</article-title>
<source>Contribuciones a la Oceanografía Física en México: Monografía No. 3, M.F. ed. M.F. Lavín</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico DF </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Unión Geofísica Mexicana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magallón</surname>
<given-names>B.F.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartzlose</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large fluctuations in the sardine fishery in the Gulf of California: possible causes</article-title>
<source>CalCOFI Rep</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crawford</surname>
<given-names>R.J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kawasaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>MacCall</surname>
<given-names>A.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parrish</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartzlose</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>P.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">World wide fluctuations of sardine and anchovy stocks: the regime problem</article-title>
<source>S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartzlose</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Serra</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parrish</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kawasaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hedgecock</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crawford</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sardine and anchovy regime fluctuations of abundance in four regions of the world oceans: a workshop report</article-title>
<source>Fish. Oceanogr</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arvizu</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salinas</surname>
<given-names>A.C.Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baugartner</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hammann</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cota</surname>
<given-names>V.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cotero</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pedrín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lizárraga</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nevárez M</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos M</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ochoa B</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>S.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres V</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Páez B</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Atlas Pesquero de México: Pesquerías Relevantes</article-title>
<source>Atlas Pesquero de México: Pesquerías Relevantes</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Colima </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Secretaría de Pesca/ Instituto Nacional de la Pesca/ Universidad de Colima (Cenedic)</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>D.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Baja California’s biological transition zones: Refuges for the California Sardine</article-title>
<source>J. Oceanog</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arias-Aréchiga</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Elourduy-Garay</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ponce-Díaz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sobre la importancia de considerar Centros de Actividad Biológica para la regionalización del océano: El caso del Golfo de California</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">BAC’s: Centros de Actividad Biológica del Pacifico Mexicano Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC</article-title>
<source>BAC’s: Centros de Actividad Biológica del Pacifico Mexicano Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>La Paz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN y Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>D.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parés-Sierra</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variability of sardine catch as related to enrichment, concentration, and retention processes in the central Gulf of California</article-title>
<source>CalCOFI</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kiefer</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parés-Sierra</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>D.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berwald</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Toward and Environmental Analysis System to Forecast Spawning Probability in the Gulf of California Sardine</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations</article-title>
<source>Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Alaska </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Alaska Sea Grant College Program, AK-SG-01-02</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Longhurst</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and consumption</article-title>
<source>Prog. Oceanogr</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marriott</surname>
<given-names>S.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on the completion of FAO form NS1 (National Summary)</article-title>
<source>Fishbyte</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cisneros-Mata</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos-Molina</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Zavala</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Cota</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution and abundance of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the Gulf of California and their relation with the environment</article-title>
<source>Prog. Oceanogr</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>49</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nevárez-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cotero</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Zavala</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Félix-Uraga</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recruitment of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in Baja California, México: Program and Abstracts</article-title>
<source>Recruitment of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in Baja California, México: Program and Abstracts</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<conf-name>CaLCOFIAnnual Conference 2004</conf-name>
<conf-date>15-18 nov. 2004</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paden</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abbott</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winant</surname>
<given-names>C.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tidal and atmospheric forcing of the upper ocean in the Gulf of California 1: Sea surface temperature variability</article-title>
<source>J. Geophys. Res</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Páramo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Acoustic-geostatistical assessment and habitat-abundance relations of small pelagic fish from the Colombian Caribbean</article-title>
<source>Fish. Res</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pillar</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moloney</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>A.I.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shillington</surname>
<given-names>F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large Marine Ecosystems: Analysis and Management</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Benguela Dynamics</article-title>
<source>Benguela Dynamics</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dalsgaard</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Froese</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres Jr</surname>
<given-names>F.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishing down marine food webs</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>279</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zeller</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Global Fisheries Crisis as a Rationale for Improving the FAO’s Database of Fisheries Statistics: Part 1. Fisheries Centre Research Reports</article-title>
<source>The Global Fisheries Crisis as a Rationale for Improving the FAO’s Database of Fisheries Statistics: Part 1. Fisheries Centre Research Reports</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pegau</surname>
<given-names>W.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boss</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ocean color observations of eddies during the summer in the Gulf of California</article-title>
<source>Geophys. Res. Lett</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Polovina</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Local-scale swordfish fisheries oceanography</article-title>
<source>Local-scale swordfish fisheries oceanography</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<conf-name>international Pacific Swordfish symposium</conf-name>
<conf-loc>Hawaii </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lluch-Belda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortega-García</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dynamic geography of small pelagic fish populations in the California Current System on the regime time scale</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Samb</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On ‘variability’ as a sampling artefact: the case of Sardinella in North-western Africa</article-title>
<source>Fish and Fisheries</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santamaría-del-Ángel</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Álvarez-Borrego</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Müller-Karger</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gulf of California biogeographic regions based on coastal zone color scanner imagery</article-title>
<source>J. Geophys. Res</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>99</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sherman</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sherman</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alexander</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gold</surname>
<given-names>B.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large Marine Ecosystems as Global Units for Marine Resources Management: An Ecological Perspective</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large Marine Ecosystems: Stress, Mitigation, and Sustainability</article-title>
<source>Large Marine Ecosystems: Stress, Mitigation, and Sustainability</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boulder^eColorado </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>AAAS Selected Symposium</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Simpson</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Remote Sensing in Fisheries: A tool for better management in the utilization of a renewable resource</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valdez-Holguín</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Álvarez-Borrego</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Trees</surname>
<given-names>C.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal and spatial characterization of the Gulf of California phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters</article-title>
<source>Ciencias Marinas</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>414</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoshino</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beblow</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Revenga</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kura</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kitchingman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishing gear associated with global marine catches</article-title>
<source>Fisheries Centre Research Reports</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zysno</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Latent connectives in human decision making: Fuzzy sets and Systems</article-title>
<source>Latent connectives in human decision making: Fuzzy sets and Systems</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fuzzy set theory -and its Applications</article-title>
<source>Fuzzy set theory -and its Applications</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boston^eMassachussetts </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Kluwer-Niijhoff</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Underwater topography determines critical breeding habitat for humpback whales near Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica: implications for Marine Protected Areas</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oviedo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Solís</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional (UNA) PROCMAR: Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Marinas y Costeras </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>591</fpage>
<lpage>602</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Migrating humpback whales from northern and southern feeding grounds come to the tropical waters near Osa Peninsula, Pacific of Costa Rica, to reproduce and raise their calves. Planning effective marine protected areas that encompass humpback critical habitats require data about which oceanographic features influence distribution during the breeding period. This study examines the relationship between water depth and ocean floor slope with humpback whale distribution, based on sightings during two breeding seasons (2005 and 2006). Data are from the Southern and Northern subpopulations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Analysis followed the basic principles of the Ecological Niche Factors Analysis (ENFA), where indices of Marginality and Tolerance provide insights on the restrictiveness of habitat use. At a fine scale, physical factors such as water depth and slope define the critical breeding and nursing habitat for M. novaeangliae. Divergence in the subsamples means of depths and slope distribution, with the global mean of the study area in both eco-geographical variables, determine habitat requirements restricted by topographic features such as depths (&amp;lt; 100 m) and slope (&lt; 10%), and locate the key breeding and nursing habitat of the species within the continental shelf domains. Proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s) network plans should consider connectivity of Caño island-Drake Bay and the extension of Corcovado National Park maritime borders. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 591-602. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las ballenas jorobadas viajan a aguas tropicales para reproducirse y criar a sus ballenatos. Es importante entender las características oceanográficas que influencian su distribución para lograr una planificación efectiva de áreas marinas protegidas con hábitats críticos para estos cetáceos. Este estudio examina la relación entre la profundidad, la pendiente del suelo oceánico y la distribución de estas ballenas, usando avistamientos del 2005 y 2006 en la costa Pacífica de la Península de Osa, Costa Rica (temporada de reproducción del sur y norte en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental). Usamos Análisis de Factores de Nicho Ecológico (ENFA por sus siglas en inglés), donde los índices de Marginalidad y Tolerancia ilustran las restricciones en uso de hábitat. En una escala local, factores físicos como la profundidad y la pendiente definen el hábitat crítico de reproducción y cría de M. novaeangliae. Las divergencias entre las medias de las sub-muestras y la media global del área de estudio en ambas variables eco-geográficas, determinan las limitaciones en requerimientos de hábitat en aspectos topográficos como la profundidad (&gt;100 m) y la pendiente del fondo (&gt;10%), localizando los hábitat críticos para reproducción y cría dentro de la plataforma continental. Los planes y propuestas para un sistema de áreas marinas protegidas deben de considerar la conectividad de la isla del Caño y la Bahía de Drake, así como la extensión de los límites marinos del Parque Nacional Corcovado.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Critical habitat</kwd>
<kwd>breeding area</kwd>
<kwd>nursery area</kwd>
<kwd>Megaptera novaeangliae</kwd>
<kwd>marine protected area</kwd>
<kwd>Hábitat crítico</kwd>
<kwd>zonas de reproducción</kwd>
<kwd>zona de cría</kwd>
<kwd>Megaptera novaeangliae</kwd>
<kwd>área marina protegida</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acevedo</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oviedo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of key areas to conservation of misticetes cetaceans off Margarita island: Paper presented at the Simposio Extinción en Margarita. V Congreso Venezolano de Ecología. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Identification of key areas to conservation of misticetes cetaceans off Margarita island: Paper presented at the Simposio Extinción en Margarita. V Congreso Venezolano de Ecología. Isla de Margarita, Venezuela</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acevedo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Felix</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llano</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Secchi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saborio</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguayo-Lobo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scheidat</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dalla Rosa</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olavaria</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Forestell</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acuña</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaufman</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pastene</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Migratory destination of humpback whales from the Magellan Strait feeding ground, Southeast Pacific</article-title>
<source>Mar. Mamm. Sci</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Caldwell</surname>
<given-names>D.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Caldwell</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Marine mammals from Puerto Rico to Antigua</article-title>
<source>J. Mamm</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Corkeron</surname>
<given-names>P.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Hervey Bay, Queensland: Behaviour and responses to whalewatching vessels</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Compton</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predicting key habitat and potential distribution of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) in the northwest Atlantic ocean</article-title>
<source>Predicting key habitat and potential distribution of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) in the northwest Atlantic ocean</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frankel</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>C.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herman</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gabriele</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial distribution, habitat utilization, and social interactions of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, off Hawaii, determined using acoustic and visual techniques</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>73</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frantzis</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nikolaou</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bompar</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cammedda</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea</article-title>
<source>J. Cetacean Res. Manage</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Félix</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The humpback whale off the coast of Ecuador, population parameters and behaviour</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanog</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Félix</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of humpback whales along the coast of Ecuador and management implications</article-title>
<source>J. Cetacean Res. Manage</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flores-González</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Capella</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bravo</surname>
<given-names>V.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Félix</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gerrodette</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Movements of southern hemisphere humpback whales within Eastern Tropical Pacific waters - winters 1986 - 1993</article-title>
<source>Movements of southern hemisphere humpback whales within Eastern Tropical Pacific waters - winters 1986 - 1993</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Orlando </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Eleventh Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flores-González</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Avila</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Capella</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Falk</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Felíx</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gibbons</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peña</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santillan</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tobon</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Warebeek</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategia para la conservación de la ballena jorobada del Pacífico Sudeste: Lineamientos de un plan de acción regional e iniciativas nacionales</article-title>
<source>Estrategia para la conservación de la ballena jorobada del Pacífico Sudeste: Lineamientos de un plan de acción regional e iniciativas nacionales</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cali </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fundación Yubarta</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gibbons</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Capella</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valladares</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Rediscovery of a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, feeding ground in the Straits of Magellan, Chile</article-title>
<source>J. Cetacean Res. Manage</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grerg</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Trites</surname>
<given-names>A. W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Prediction of critical habitat for five whales species in the waters of coastal British Columbia</article-title>
<source>Can. . Fish. Aq. Sci</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>58</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hirzel</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Helfer</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Metral, F</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Assessing habitat-suitability models with a virtual species</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Model</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hirzel</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hausser</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chessel</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Perrin</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological-niche factor analysis: How to compute habitat-suitability maps without absence data?</article-title>
<source>Ecology</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>83</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hirzel</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Posser</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oggier</surname>
<given-names>P. A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crettenand</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Glentz</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arlettaz</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological requirements of reintroduced species and the implication for release policy: the case of the bearded vulture</article-title>
<source>J. Applied Ecol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoyt</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Marine Protected Areas for whales, dolphins and porpoises: a world handbook for cetacean habitat conservation</article-title>
<source>Marine Protected Areas for whales, dolphins and porpoises: a world handbook for cetacean habitat conservation</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Earthscan</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kaschner</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Modelling and mapping resource overlap between marine and fisheries on a global scale</article-title>
<source>Modelling and mapping resource overlap between marine and fisheries on a global scale</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mattila</surname>
<given-names>D.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clapham</surname>
<given-names>P.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, and other cetaceans on Virgin bank and in the northern Leeward Islands, 1985 and 1986</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>May-Collado</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gerrodette</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calambokidis</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sereg</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Patterns of cetacean sighting distribution in the Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone of Costa Rica, based on data collected from 1979-2001</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>53</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mignucci-Giannoni</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Zoogeography of cetaceans off Puerto Rico and the Virgin islands</article-title>
<source>Carib. J. Sci</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oviedo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bermúdez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Odell, D.K</surname>
<given-names>D.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) on the east coast of isla Margarita and the Los Frailes Archipelago, Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Aquatic Mamm</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palacios</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calambokidis</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saborio</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dalla Rosa</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Secchi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Steiger</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stone</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Southern hemisphere humpback whales wintering off Central America: insight from water temperatura into the longest mammalian migration</article-title>
<source>Biol. Let</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reeves</surname>
<given-names>Randall R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>B.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crespo</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Notarbartolo di Sciara</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002-2010 Conservation Action Plan for the World’s Cetaceans</article-title>
<source>Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002-2010 Conservation Action Plan for the World’s Cetaceans</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Gland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group. IUCN</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scheidat</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Behavioural responses of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to whalewatching boats near isla de la Plata, Machalilla National Park, Ecuador</article-title>
<source>J. Cetacean Res. Manage</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stevick</surname>
<given-names>P.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aguayo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Avila</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Capella</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chater</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dalla Rosa</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Engel</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Félix</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flórez-González</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haase</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llano</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lodi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olavarría</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Secchi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scheidat</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salvatore</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Migrations of individually identified humpback whales between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America</article-title>
<source>J. Cetacean Res. Manage</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Whitehead</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution and movements of West indian humpback whales in winter</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Zool</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calambokidis</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Steiger</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Humpback whales and other marine mammals off Costa Rica and surrounding waters, 1996-2003: Report of the Oceanic Society 2003 field season in cooperation with Elderhostel volunteers</article-title>
<source>Humpback whales and other marine mammals off Costa Rica and surrounding waters, 1996-2003: Report of the Oceanic Society 2003 field season in cooperation with Elderhostel volunteers</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eSeattle </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acevedo</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oviedo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Preliminary observations on the spatial distribution of humpback whales off the north coast of Margarita island, Venezuela -Southeast Caribbean</article-title>
<source>Preliminary observations on the spatial distribution of humpback whales off the north coast of Margarita island, Venezuela -Southeast Caribbean</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>JMBA2 Biodiversity Records</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efectos del huracán &quot;Pauline&quot; (1997) sobre la fauna asociada a la planta Eichhornia crassipes en la Laguna Coyuca, Pacífico Sur de México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>Ramiro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rocha-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>Arturo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cházaro-Olvera</surname>
<given-names>Sergio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)  </institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Laboratorio de Ecología</institution>
<addr-line> Edo. de México</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>603</fpage>
<lpage>611</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Effects of hurricane &quot;Pauline&quot; (1997) on the fauna associated with the plant Eichhornia crassipes in Laguna Coyuca, South Pacific of Mexico. Reports on the effects of hurricanes on marine and coastal nvironments often deal with coral reefs, but little is known about their effect on the communities associated with the water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. From January 1997 (pre-hurricane) through April 1998 (post-hurricane) we made montly collections of fauna in E. crassipes roots from Laguna Coyuca, Mexico (17º00’-16º54’ N, 99º58’-100º05’ W). The hurricane affected Coyuca on October 9th, 1997 and caused mortalities of that fauna. During the three subsequent months the absence of E. crassipes and its associated fauna in the study area was evident, but in January 1998, we found a partial reestablishment of E. crassipes and its associated fauna. Four months later, this community was almost back to pre-hurricane levels. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 603-611. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Observaciones sobre los efectos que el huracán &quot;Pauline&quot; produjo a su paso por la laguna Coyuca, sur del Pacífico de México la madrugada del 9 de octubre de 1997, indican que el disturbio tropical ocasionó en el área la desaparición temporal de la fauna asociada a las raíces del lirio acuático en relación a la fauna registrada durante los meses anteriores al fenómeno; durante los tres meses posteriores se registró la disminución de E. crassipes en el área de estudio. En enero de 1998 se observó el inicio de su recuperación y se recolectaron los primeros organismos asociados a sus raíces; cuatro meses más tarde el lirio acuático y su fauna asociada casi alcanzaban los mismos niveles registrados antes del huracán.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Hurricane &quot;Pauline&quot;</kwd>
<kwd>effects</kwd>
<kwd>associated fauna</kwd>
<kwd>Eichhornia crassipes</kwd>
<kwd>coastal lagoon</kwd>
<kwd>Huracán &quot;Pauline&quot;</kwd>
<kwd>efectos</kwd>
<kwd>fauna asociada</kwd>
<kwd>Eichhornia crassipes</kwd>
<kwd>laguna costera</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">&quot;Huracán Pauline&quot; del Océano Pacífico (5 octubre-10 octubre) 1997</article-title>
<source>&quot;Huracán Pauline&quot; del Océano Pacífico (5 octubre-10 octubre) 1997</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico, D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Comisión Nacional del Agua, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional de México</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Huracán Paulina, su paso por costas mexicanas</article-title>
<source>Huracán Paulina, su paso por costas mexicanas</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Geografía, UNAM y CONABIO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ball</surname>
<given-names>M.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shinn</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stokman</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geologic record of hurricanes: Abstracts Amer. Asso. Petrol. Geol. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral &amp; Mid-Western Soc. Explor. Geophys. Papers, National Convention, Houston, Texas, EEUU</article-title>
<source>Geologic record of hurricanes: Abstracts Amer. Asso. Petrol. Geol. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral &amp; Mid-Western Soc. Explor. Geophys. Papers, National Convention, Houston, Texas, EEUU</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Contreras</surname>
<given-names>E.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecosistemas Costeros Mexicanos</article-title>
<source>Ecosistemas Costeros Mexicanos</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Iztapalapa^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONABIO-Univ. Autónoma Metropolitana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Covich</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crowl</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Varza</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Certain</surname>
<given-names>D.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Post-hurricane Hugo increases in Atyid shrimp abundances in a Puerto Rican stream</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fenner</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of hurricane Gilbert on coral reef-fishes and sponges at Cozumel, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flood</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jell</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of cyclone David (January, 1976) on the sediment distribution patterns on Heron reef. Great Barrier Reef, Australia</article-title>
<source>Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. Miami</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fonseca</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lozada-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diego-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fonseca</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudios Florísticos en Guerrero</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">No. 1: Laguna de Coyuca. Prensas de Ciencias</article-title>
<source>No. 1: Laguna de Coyuca. Prensas de Ciencias</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Corbet</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watts</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lan</surname>
<given-names>O.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological studies on Indonesian lakes. Overturn and restratification of Ranu Lamongan</article-title>
<source>J. Zool</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>180</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guzmán-Arroyo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mañon-Ontiveros</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortiz-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Afinidad limnológica del sistema lagunar costero del estado de Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Bol. Inst. Geog. UNAM</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harmelin-Vivien</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Laboute</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catastrophic impact of hurricanes on atoll outer reef slopes in the Tuamotu (French Polynesia)</article-title>
<source>Coral Reefs</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holthuis</surname>
<given-names>L.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On a collection of Decapod Crustacea from the Republic of El Salvador (Central America)</article-title>
<source>Zool. Verh</source>
<year>1954</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Houde</surname>
<given-names>E.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bichy</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sellner</surname>
<given-names>K.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of hurricane Isabel on fish populations and communities in Chesapeake Bay</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hurrican Isabel in Perspective: Proc. Conf. CRC Publ</article-title>
<source>Hurrican Isabel in Perspective: Proc. Conf. CRC Publ</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boca Raton Florida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kaufman</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of hurricane Allen on reef fish assemblages near Discovery Bay</article-title>
<source>Coral Reefs</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Laboute</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of damage done by the cyclones of 1982-83 to the outer slopes of the Tuamotu and Takapoto atolls, Tuamotu Archipielago</article-title>
<source>Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Thaiti</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lankford</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wiley</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Coastal Lagoons of Mexico: Their origin and classification</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Estuarine Processes</article-title>
<source>Estuarine Processes</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lassig</surname>
<given-names>B.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of a cyclonic storm on coral reef fish assemblage</article-title>
<source>Environ. Biol. Fish</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawrence</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Preliminary report Hurricane Pauline 5-10 October 1997. National Hurricane Center</article-title>
<source>Preliminary report Hurricane Pauline 5-10 October 1997. National Hurricane Center</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMiami </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Tropical Prediction Center</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawrence</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1997</article-title>
<source>Month. Weather Rev</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>127</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Letourneur</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harmelin-Vivien</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galzin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of hurricane Firinga on fish community structure on fringing reefs of Reunion Island, S.W</article-title>
<source>Indian Ocean. Environ. Biol. Fish</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Locascio</surname>
<given-names>J.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mann</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of hurricane Charley on fish chorusing</article-title>
<source>Biol. Lett</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mallin</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Posey</surname>
<given-names>M.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shank</surname>
<given-names>G.C.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McIver</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ensign</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alphin</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hurricane effects on water quality and benthos in the Cape Fear watershed: natural and anthropogenic impacts</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Appl</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayén</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of the reproduction of Atya margaritacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1864 (Decapoda, Atyidae) in a population from the Mexican Pacific</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayén</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hendrickx</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Reproducción de Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1878) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) en el río Coyuca, Guerrero, México</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 2</article-title>
<source>Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 2</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayén</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cházaro-Olvera</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Relative growth of Atya margaritacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1864 (Decapoda, Atyidae) from the southern Pacific coast of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Mayén</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hendrickx</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth of fresh water shrimp Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1878) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in the Coyuca River, Guerrero, Mexico</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 3 (Contributions to the Study of the East Pacific Crustaceans 3)</article-title>
<source>Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 3 (Contributions to the Study of the East Pacific Crustaceans 3)</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Montoya</surname>
<given-names>J.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Freshwater shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium associated with roots of Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacincth) in the Orinoco Delta (Venezuela)</article-title>
<source>Carib. J. Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moran</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reaka-Kudla</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of disturbance: disruption and enhancement of coral reef crypto-faunal populations by hurricanes</article-title>
<source>Coral Reefs</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pfeffer</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tribbles</surname>
<given-names>G.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hurricane effects on an aquarium fish fishery in the Hawaiian islands</article-title>
<source>Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Thaiti</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Granados</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio ecológico preliminar de las lagunas costeras cercanas a Acapulco, Gro</article-title>
<source>Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat</source>
<year>1952</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robins</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of storms on the shallow-water fish fauna of southern Florida with new records of fishes from Florida</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb</source>
<year>1957</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rocha-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cházaro-Olvera</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Population structure and fecundity of Anopsilana oaxaca Carvacho &amp; Haasmann, 1984 (Isopoda, Cirolanidae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Crustaceana</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al conocimiento de la biología del &quot;langostino&quot; Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) en algunas lagunas costeras de Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Contribución al conocimiento de la biología del &quot;langostino&quot; Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) en algunas lagunas costeras de Guerrero, México</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología de Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) en la Laguna Coyuca, Guerrero, Pacífico de México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Probopyrus pacificensis, a new parasite species (Isopoda: Bopyridae) of Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) of the Pacific Coast of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>106</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspectos biológicos de Probopyrus pacificensis Román-Contreras, 1993, parásito del langostino Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) en la laguna Coyuca, Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Aspectos biológicos de Probopyrus pacificensis Román-Contreras, 1993, parásito del langostino Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) en la laguna Coyuca, Guerrero, México</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Román-Contreras</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hendrickx</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The genus Probopyrus Giard and Bonnier, 1888 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae) in the eastern Pacific with seven new records for Mexico</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 3</article-title>
<source>Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este 3</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stoddart</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catastrophic storm effects on the British Honduras reefs and cays</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1962</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>196</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stuardo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Resultados generales de una prospección de los recursos biológicos y pesqueros del sistema lagunar costero de Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Acta Politéc. Mex</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stuardo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villarroel</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aspectos ecológicos y distribución de los moluscos en las lagunas costeras de Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>An. Centro Cienc. Mar y Limnol., UNAM</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vermeer</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of the hurricane Hattie, 1961, on the cays of British Honduras</article-title>
<source>Zeit. Geomorphol</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of hurricane Allen on back reef population of Discovery Bay, Jamaica</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Observaciones sobre Mugil curema Valenciennes en áreas naturales de crianza, México: Alimentación, crecimiento, madurez y relaciones ecológicas</article-title>
<source>An. Centro Cienc. Mar y Limnol., UNAM</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Patrones ecológicos y variación cíclica de al estructura trófica de las comunidades nectónicas en lagunas costeras del Pacífico de México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yáñez-Arancibia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Taxonomía, ecología y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efímeras del Pacífico de México</article-title>
<source>Centro Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM Publ. Esp</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yoshioka</surname>
<given-names>P.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yoshioka</surname>
<given-names>B.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variable effects of hurricane David on the shallow water gorgonian of Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Response of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) to water level fluctuations in two lakes with different connectivity in the Paraná River floodplain</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>Juan José</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Casco</surname>
<given-names>Sylvina Lorena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>Alicia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral </institution>
<addr-line>Corrientes </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Departamento de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>Corrientes </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>613</fpage>
<lpage>623</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Floodplain lakes are especially dynamic due to the irregular flow regime of the Paraná River and its location along the geomorphologic gradient between the lakes and the river. The response of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (one of the most frequent aquatic plant) was studied in two floodplain lakes with different flooding regimes. Samples were taken between March 1997 and December 2001 on 13 different hydrologic conditions during prolonged hydrologic connection and prolonged hydrologic isolation. Leaf height, leaf density, biomass and nutrient content of the mature leaves of E. crassipes were measured and related to water level fluctuation and the hydrologic connectivity. The lake more connected with the main channel had a long lasting inundation phase. In this condition the surface area covered by water increased more than three times compared to prolonged hydrologic isolation condition. As river water entered the floodplain lakes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen increased to high values, especially NO3-, whereas the isolation condition was characterised by a decrease in NO3- concentrations to undetectable levels. Compared to plants growing in the more isolated lake, those growing in the more connected lake had a significantly lower leaf density, longer leaves, less root biomass and lower ratio between below-ground and above-ground biomasses. However, total and leaf biomasses were not significantly different between sites. In each lake, differences in leaf height, leaf biomass and root biomass between prolonged hydrologic connection and isolation, as well as the insignificant relationship between leaf size and leaf density, indicate that the morphological traits of E. crassipes respond to pluri-annual water level fluctuations. The highest nutrient concentration in mature leaves was registered at the end of the prolonged hydrologic connection in the more connected lake. During the prolonged isolation, leaves had more lignin and a higher L:N ratio than at high waters, at the same sites. The success of E. crassipes in occupying habitats subjected to wide and erratic fluctuations in water level, such as the Paraná River floodplain, appears to be related to its ability to modify morphological traits according to water level. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 613-623. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se analiza la respuesta de Eichhornia crassipes, una de las plantas acuáticas más frecuentes en la planicie de inundación del río Paraná, a las fluctuaciones del río en dos lagos con diferente conectividad. Las muestras fueron tomadas en 13 condiciones hidrológicas entre Marzo de 1997 y Diciembre de 2001. Durante el periodo de prolongada conectividad hidrológica, el área cubierta por el agua aumenta más de tres veces y el contenido de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto fue mayor en comparación con la condición de prolongado aislamiento. En comparación con las plantas del lago más aislado del río, las del más conectado tuvieron significativamente menor densidad de hojas, hojas más largas, menor biomasa de raíces y menor cociente entre la biomasa de las partes aéreas y las partes sumergidas. Las diferencias en la altura y la biomasa de hojas y raíces entre diferentes condiciones hidrológicas y la no significativa relación entre el tamaño y su densidad, indican que las características morfológicas de las plantas responden a fluctuaciones del nivel del agua. Durante la prolongada conexión con el río el contenido de nutrientes de las hojas maduras fue alto, en tanto que durante el aislamiento prolongado las hojas tuvieron mayor contenido de lignina y alto cociente L:N. El éxito de Eichhornia crassipes en la ocupación de hábitats sujetos a amplias y erráticas fluctuaciones del nivel del agua parece estar relacionado con su capacidad para modificar sus características morfológicas en función de las fluctuaciones del nivel del agua.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>large rivers</kwd>
<kwd>Eichhornia crassipes</kwd>
<kwd>river pulses</kwd>
<kwd>floodplain lakes</kwd>
<kwd>grandes ríos</kwd>
<kwd>Eichhornia crassipes</kwd>
<kwd>pulsos</kwd>
<kwd>planicies inundables</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edition</article-title>
<source>Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edition</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>American Public Health Association</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ashton</surname>
<given-names>H.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aquatic Plant of Australia, Melbourne University</article-title>
<source>Aquatic Plant of Australia, Melbourne University</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Melbourne^eVictoria </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phosphorus in Animal feed, photometric methods</article-title>
<source>Phosphorus in Animal feed, photometric methods</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Arlington^eVancouver </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Association of Official Analytical Chemists</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bini</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Influência do pulso de inundação nos valores de fitomassa de três espécies de macrófitas aquáticas</article-title>
<source>Arq. Biol. Tecnol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blanco</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Invertebrate fauna associated with floating macrophytes in the floodplain lakes of the Orinoco (Venezuela) and Paraná (Argentina)</article-title>
<source>Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carignan</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nutrient dynamics in the floodplain ponds of the Paraná river (Argentina) dominated by the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes</article-title>
<source>Biogeochemistry</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carignan</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Planas</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Limitation of water hyacinth by nitrogen in subtropical lakes of the Paraná floodplain (Argentina)</article-title>
<source>Limnol. Oceanogr</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Center</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spencer</surname>
<given-names>N.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The phenoly and growth of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in an eutrophic north-central Florida lake</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Bot</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Colonnello</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La vegetación acuática del Delta del Río Orinoco (Venezuela): Composición florística y aspectos ecológicos (I)</article-title>
<source>Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>144</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Da Silva</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Esteves</surname>
<given-names>F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biomass of three macrophytes in the Pantanal of the Mato Grosso, Brazil</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Downing</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Anderson</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Estimating the standing biomass of aquatic macrophytes</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gerloff</surname>
<given-names>C.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluating nutrient supplies for the growth of aquatic plants in natural waters</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Symposium Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, Eutrophication, causes, consequences and correctives</article-title>
<source>Symposium Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, Eutrophication, causes, consequences and correctives</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">InfoStat, version 1.1: Manual del usuario</article-title>
<source>InfoStat, version 1.1: Manual del usuario</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Brujas^eCórdoba </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Navarro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Geografía Ecológica de Bolivia: vegetación y ambientes acuáticos</article-title>
<source>Geografía Ecológica de Bolivia: vegetación y ambientes acuáticos</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cochabamba^eCochabamba </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fundación Simón Patiño</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>K.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Davies</surname>
<given-names>B.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aquatic macrophytes of Paraná River</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Ecology of River Systems</article-title>
<source>The Ecology of River Systems</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>South Holland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Dr. Junk. Dordrecht</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large rivers of South America: toward the new approach</article-title>
<source>Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gopal</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Junk</surname>
<given-names>W.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diversity in some tropical wetland systems of South America</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity in wetlands: assessment, function and conservation</article-title>
<source>Biodiversity in wetlands: assessment, function and conservation</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Leiden^eSouth Holland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Backhuys</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cambios estacionales en la biomasa de Eichhornia crassipes y su fauna en una laguna del Chaco</article-title>
<source>Ecosur</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J. J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thomaz</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bini</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Connectivity processes as a basis for the management of aquatic plants</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Ecologia e Manejo de Macrófitas Aquáticas</article-title>
<source>Ecologia e Manejo de Macrófitas Aquáticas</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Maringá^eParaná </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Eduem</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Iriondo</surname>
<given-names>M.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carignan</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Large Tropical South American Wetlands: An Overview</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Proceedings of the Internat</article-title>
<source>Proceedings of the Internat</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Workshop on the Ecology and Management of Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Casco</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of prolonged floods on Eichhornia crassipes growth in the Paraná River floodplain lakes</article-title>
<source>Acta Limnol. Bras</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Poi de Neiff</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Casco</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magela Thomaz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bini</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biological agents which accelerate winter decay of aquatic plants in the Northeast of Argentina</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Ecologia e Manejo de Macrófitas Aquáticas</article-title>
<source>Ecologia e Manejo de Macrófitas Aquáticas</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Paraná </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidade Estadual de Maringá</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pompêo</surname>
<given-names>M.L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moschini-Carlos</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Macrófitas aquáticas e perifíton, aspectos ecológicos e metodológicos</article-title>
<source>Macrófitas aquáticas e perifíton, aspectos ecológicos e metodológicos</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Carlos^eSan Pablo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>RiMa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Puhakka</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kalliola</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kalliola</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Puhakka</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Danjoy</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La vegetación en áreas de inundación en la selva baja de la Amazonia</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Amazonia Peruana</article-title>
<source>Amazonia Peruana</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Jyväskylä </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>PAUT y ONERN</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización físico-química de una laguna de inundación del tramo Orinoco medio y su relación con la biomasa de la cobertura de bora (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.). Solms)</article-title>
<source>Interciencia</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sahai</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sinha</surname>
<given-names>A.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Contribution to the Ecology of Indian Aquatics</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3-4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thomaz</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pagioro</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bini</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roberto</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thomaz</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Agostinho</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hahn</surname>
<given-names>N.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Limnological characterization of the aquatic environments and the influence of hydrometric levels</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Upper Paraná River and its Floodplain, physical aspects, ecology and conservation</article-title>
<source>The Upper Paraná River and its Floodplain, physical aspects, ecology and conservation</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Leiden^eSouth Holland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Backhuys</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tucker</surname>
<given-names>C.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of ionic form and level of nitrogen on the growth and composition of Eichhornia crassipes</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>83</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Niels</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rees</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determinants and patterns of population growth in wateryacynth</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Bot</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>81</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Xie</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and resource allocation of water hyacinth as affected by gradually increasing nutrient concentrations</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Bot</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>79</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Neiff</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">PULSO, software para análisis de fenómenos recurrentes: Dir. Nac. de Derecho de Autor Nº 236164, 17 de febrero</article-title>
<source>PULSO, software para análisis de fenómenos recurrentes: Dir. Nac. de Derecho de Autor Nº 236164, 17 de febrero</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mapping tropical dry forest habitats integrating Landsat NDVI, Ikonos imagery, and topographic information in the Caribbean Island of Mona</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinuzzi</surname>
<given-names>Sebastián</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gould</surname>
<given-names>William A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>Olga M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinez Robles</surname>
<given-names>Alma</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Calle Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>Paulina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Buitrago</surname>
<given-names>Néstor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fumero Caban</surname>
<given-names>José J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics (GLED)  </institution>
<addr-line>Idaho </addr-line>
<country>United States</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF)  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Puerto Rico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional de La Plata Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y Ambientales (LISEA) </institution>
<addr-line>La Plata </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,University of Puerto Rico CREST-Center for Tropical Applied Ecology and Conservation </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Puerto Rico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>625</fpage>
<lpage>639</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Assessing the status of tropical dry forest habitats using remote sensing technologies is one of the research priorities for Neotropical forests. We developed a simple method for mapping vegetation and habitats in a tropical dry forest reserve, Mona Island, Puerto Rico, by integrating the Normalized Difference vegetation Index (NDvI) from Landsat, topographic information, and high-resolution Ikonos imagery. The method was practical for identifying vegetation types in areas with a great variety of plant communities and complex relief, and can be adapted to other dry forest habitats of the Caribbean Islands. NDvI was useful for identifying the distribution of forests, woodlands, and shrubland, providing a natural representation of the vegetation patterns on the island. The use of Ikonos imagery allowed increasing the number of land cover classes. As a result, sixteen land-cover types were mapped over the 5 500 ha area, with a kappa coefficient of accuracy equal to 79 %. This map is a central piece for modeling vertebrate species distribution and biodiversity patterns by the Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project, and it is of great value for assisting research and management actions in the island. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 625-639. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El estudio y evaluación de los bosques tropicales secos mediante herramientas de teledetección es una de las prioridades de investigación en los ambientes neotropicales. Desarrollamos una metodología simple para mapear la vegetación de la isla de Mona, Puerto Rico, mediante el uso del índice de vegetación normalizado (NDVI por sus siglas en inglés) de Landsat, información topográfica, e imágenes auxiliares de alta resolución Ikonos. La metodología fue útil para identificar las clases de vegetación en un área de gran variedad de comunidades vegetales y relieve complejo, y puede ser adaptada a otras regiones de bosque seco de las islas del Caribe. El NDVI permitió identificar la distribución de los bosques cerrados, abiertos, y arbustos, proveyendo una representación natural de los patrones de vegetación en la isla. Las imágenes de Ikonos permitieron incrementar el número de clases detectadas. Como resultado, mapeamos 16 clases de cobertura del terreno en las 5 500 hectáreas de la isla de Mona, con un coeficiente de concordancia kappa de un 79%. La información obtenida en este estudio será utilizada para modelar la distribución de los vertebrados terrestres y patrones de biodiversidad en la isla, como parte del proyecto Gap Análisis de Puerto Rico, y es de gran valor para asistir en las actividades de investigación y manejo en la isla.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>tropical dry forests</kwd>
<kwd>Landsat</kwd>
<kwd>NDVI</kwd>
<kwd>Ikonos</kwd>
<kwd>vegetation mapping</kwd>
<kwd>topography</kwd>
<kwd>Puerto Rico</kwd>
<kwd>Caribbean</kwd>
<kwd>bosques secos tropicales</kwd>
<kwd>Landsat</kwd>
<kwd>NDVI</kwd>
<kwd>Ikonos</kwd>
<kwd>mapa de vegetación</kwd>
<kwd>topografía</kwd>
<kwd>Puerto Rico</kwd>
<kwd>Caribe</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chavez</surname>
<given-names>P.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Image-based atmospheric corrections-revisited and revised</article-title>
<source>Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>62</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cintrón</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rogers</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant communities of Mona Island</article-title>
<source>Acta Cient</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feeley</surname>
<given-names>K.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gillespie</surname>
<given-names>T.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Trborgh</surname>
<given-names>J.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The utility of spectral indices from Landsat ETM+ for Measuring the Structure and Composition of Tropical Dry Forests</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frank</surname>
<given-names>E.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wicks</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mylroie</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Troester</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calvin Alexander Jr</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carew</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geology of island de Mona, Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>J. Cave Karst Stud</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gillespie</surname>
<given-names>T.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predicting woody plant species richness in tropical dry forests: A case study from south Florida</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Appl</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gillespie</surname>
<given-names>T.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zutta</surname>
<given-names>B.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Early</surname>
<given-names>M.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saatchi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predicting and quantifying the structure of tropical dry forests in Southe Florida and the Neotropics using spaceborn imagery</article-title>
<source>Global Ecol. Biogeogr</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gould</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alarcón</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fevold</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martinuzzi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potts</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Solórzano</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ventosa</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project - Final Report</article-title>
<source>Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project - Final Report</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Moscow </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>USGSID and the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Helmer</surname>
<given-names>E.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López</surname>
<given-names>T. del M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quiñonez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mapping the Forest Type and Land Cover of Puerto Rico, a Component of the Caribbean Biodiversity Hotspot</article-title>
<source>Caribb. J. Sci</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Helmer</surname>
<given-names>E.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruefenacht</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cloud-Free Satellite Image Mosaics with Regression Trees and Histogram Matching</article-title>
<source>Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holdridge</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Life zone ecology</article-title>
<source>Life zone ecology</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Jose </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Tropical Science Center</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Innes</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koch</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The assessment of forest biodiversity by remote sensing</article-title>
<source>Global Ecol. Biogeogr</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jansen</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>E.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical dry forests: the most endangered major tropical ecosystem</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity</article-title>
<source>Biodiversity</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Natural Academy</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krishnaswamy</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kiran</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ganeshaiah</surname>
<given-names>K.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tree model based eco-climatic vegetation classificatiom and fuzzy mapping in diverse tropical deciduous ecosystems using multi-season NDvI</article-title>
<source>Remote Sens. Environ</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Landis</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koch</surname>
<given-names>G.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data</article-title>
<source>Biometrics</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Manis</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lowry</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramsey</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Preclassification: An Ecological Predictive Landform Model</article-title>
<source>Gap Analysis Bulletin</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calle</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos González</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Melendez-Ackerman</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leimgruber</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Depression Forest Mapping for Mona Island Reserve using High Resolution Imagery: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology</article-title>
<source>Depression Forest Mapping for Mona Island Reserve using High Resolution Imagery: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eBrasilia, DF </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Brasilia</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinuzzi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gould</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>B.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Development of a Landforms Model for Puerto Rico and its Application for Land Cover Change Analysis</article-title>
<source>Caribb. J. Sci</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinuzzi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gould</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Creating Cloud-Free Landsat ETM+ Data Sets in Tropical Landscapes: Cloud and Cloud-Shadow Removal</article-title>
<source>Creating Cloud-Free Landsat ETM+ Data Sets in Tropical Landscapes: Cloud and Cloud-Shadow Removal</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service IITF-GTR-32</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melendez-Ackerman</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aragón</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morales-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sustache</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Axelrod</surname>
<given-names>F.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fuentes</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ackerman</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Monitoring Efforts Yield New Plant Records For Mona Island, Puerto Rico, A Tropical Dry Forest Wonderland</article-title>
<source>Caribb. J. Sci</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morisette</surname>
<given-names>J.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nickeson</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tian</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Woodcock</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shabanov</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hansen</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>W.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oetter</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kennedy</surname>
<given-names>R.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">High spatial resolution observations for validations of MODIS land products: IKONOS observations acquired under the NASA Scientific Data Purchase</article-title>
<source>Remote Sens. Environ</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lugo</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of tropical dry forest</article-title>
<source>Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sensitivity of Coastal and Inland Resources to Spilled Oil - Puerto Rico Atlas</article-title>
<source>Sensitivity of Coastal and Inland Resources to Spilled Oil - Puerto Rico Atlas</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Seattle^eWashington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oza</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Srivastava</surname>
<given-names>V.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Devaiah</surname>
<given-names>P.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Estimating tree volume in tropical dry deciduous forest from Landsat TM data</article-title>
<source>Geocarto Int</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eve</surname>
<given-names>M.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Satellite monitoring of desert plant community response to moisture availability</article-title>
<source>Environ. Monit. Assess</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Raffaele</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of Mona island avifauna</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Monito and Mona Islands: An assessment of their natural and historical resources</article-title>
<source>Monito and Mona Islands: An assessment of their natural and historical resources</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc>San Juan </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Vegetation types for Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Map produced by the USDA Forest Service IITF GIS Lab, Aug 2004, based on map by Barbara Cintrón and Lee Rogers (1974), Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Vegetation types for Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Map produced by the USDA Forest Service IITF GIS Lab, Aug 2004, based on map by Barbara Cintrón and Lee Rogers (1974), Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, Puerto Rico</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>O.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lugo</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mapa de la vegetacion de Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Acta Cient</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rouse</surname>
<given-names>J.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haas</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schell</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Deering</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Monitoring vegetation Systems in the Great Plains with ERTS: Proceedings of the Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 Symposium, Greenbelt</article-title>
<source>Monitoring vegetation Systems in the Great Plains with ERTS: Proceedings of the Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 Symposium, Greenbelt</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sanchez-Azofeia</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>K.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rivard</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kalascka</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Remote sensing priorities in tropical dry forest environments</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sanchez-Azofeifa</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nassar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Research priorities in tropical dry forests environments</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Southworth</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An assessment of Landsat TM band 6 thermal data for analyzing land cover in tropical dry forests</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Remote Sens</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Trejo-Torres</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ackerman</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Composition patterns of Caribbean limestone forests: are parsimony, classification, and ordination analyses congruent?</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spector</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gardiner</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flodeland</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sterling</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Steininger</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation</article-title>
<source>Trends Ecol. Evol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Van Bloem</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Murphy</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lugo</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Osterlag</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bernard</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Colon</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Influence of Hurricane Winds on Caribbean Dry Forest Structure and Nutrient Pools</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vogelman</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sohl</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Howard</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Regional characterization of land cover using multiple source of data</article-title>
<source>Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wiewandt</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La gran iguana de Mona</article-title>
<source>Nat. Hist</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wulder</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coops</surname>
<given-names>N.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Franklin</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">High Spatial Resolution Remotely Sensed Data for Ecosystem Characterization</article-title>
<source>Bioscience</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mesoamerican and Caribbean Geospatial Alliance</article-title>
<source>Mesoamerican and Caribbean Geospatial Alliance</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecoregional Assessment of the Greater Caribbean Basin</article-title>
<source>Ecoregional Assessment of the Greater Caribbean Basin</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Homer</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wylie</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vogelman</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>DeFelice</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">At-satellite reflectance: A first normalization of Landsat 7 ETM+ Images</article-title>
<source>At-satellite reflectance: A first normalization of Landsat 7 ETM+ Images</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>U.S. Dept. of Interior, USGS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">US National Land Cover Dataset (USGS)</article-title>
<source>US National Land Cover Dataset (USGS)</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Pteridofitas indicadoras de alteración ambiental en el bosque templado de San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez Romero</surname>
<given-names>Lucía</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>Leticia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zavala Hurtado</surname>
<given-names>José Alejandro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Depto. de Biología Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Depto. de Biología Área de Botánica Estructural y Sistemática Vegetal</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Depto. de Biología Área de Ecología</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>641</fpage>
<lpage>656</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Pteridophytes that indicate environmental alteration in the temperate forest of San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, México. Pteridophytes that indicate environmental alteration in the San Jerónimo Amanalco temperate forest, Texcoco, Mexico. The patterns of distribution of 26 pteridophyte species were studied as possible indicators of environmental alteration in the temperate forest of San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, State of Mexico. The presence and abundance of the pteridoflora was studied in relation to edaphic, topographic and vegetation variables in 100 sampling locations within an area of 494 hectares. The relationship between these variables was studied using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Five landscapes were recognized in the study zone according to the degree of deterioration: severe erosion, erosion, mountain with moderate reversible deterioration, mountain with no evident deterioration, and canyon with no evident deterioration. Cheilanthes bonariensis and Pellaea ternifolia are indicators of environmental degradation. The taxa that only grow in landscapes without apparent alteration are Adiantum andicola, Adiantum poiretii, Argyrochosma incana, Asplenium blepharophorum, Dryopteris pseudo filix-mas, Equisetum hyemale and Pteris cretica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 641-656. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudiaron los patrones de distribución de 26 especies de pteridofitas como posibles indicadoras de alteración ambiental en los bosques templados de San Jerónimo Amanalco, Texcoco, Estado de México. La presencia y abundancia de la pteridoflora se relacionó con variables edáficas, topográficas y de vegetación en 100 sitios de muestreo en un área de 494 ha. Con base en el Análisis Canónico de Correspondencia se pudo explorar la relación entre variables. Se determinaron cinco paisajes en el área de estudio con base al grado de deterioro: erosión severa, erosión, montaña con deterioro moderado reversible, montaña sin deterioro aparente y cañada sin deterioro aparente. Cheilanthes bonariensis y Pellaea ternifolia son indicadores de deterioro ambiental. Los táxones que únicamente crecen en paisajes sin alteración aparente son: Adiantum andicola, Adiantum poiretii, Argyrochosma incana, Asplenium blepharophorum, Dryopteris pseudo filix-mas, Equisetum hyemale y Pteris cretica</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>ferns</kwd>
<kwd>Pteridophyta</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
<kwd>temperate forest</kwd>
<kwd>environmental deterioration</kwd>
<kwd>Pteridophyta</kwd>
<kwd>helechos</kwd>
<kwd>México</kwd>
<kwd>bosque templado</kwd>
<kwd>alteración ambiental</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barrington</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological and historical factors in fern biogeography</article-title>
<source>J. Biogeogr</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bennett</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Humphries</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la ecología de campo</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la ecología de campo</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>H. Blume</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cosío Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Panorama socioeconómico y demográfico de Texcoco. Indicadores para la planeación municipal</article-title>
<source>Panorama socioeconómico y demográfico de Texcoco. Indicadores para la planeación municipal</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ciudad de México </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gauch</surname>
<given-names>H.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Multivariate analysis in community ecology</article-title>
<source>Multivariate analysis in community ecology</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal de Texcoco</article-title>
<source>Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal de Texcoco</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eEstado de México </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>INEGI</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kovach</surname>
<given-names>W.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">MVSP-A multivariate Statistical Package for Windows, ver. 3.2</article-title>
<source>MVSP-A multivariate Statistical Package for Windows, ver. 3.2</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Pentraeth^eGales </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Kovach Computing Services</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krebs</surname>
<given-names>C.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología: Estudio de la distribución y la abundancia</article-title>
<source>Ecología: Estudio de la distribución y la abundancia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Harla</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Landa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meave</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carabias</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Environmental deterioration in rural Mexico: an examination of the concept</article-title>
<source>Ecolog. Appl</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lande</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Statistics and partition of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities</article-title>
<source>Oikos</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>76</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lorea</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Guía para la recolección y preparación de ejemplares para herbario de pteridofitas</article-title>
<source>Guía para la recolección y preparación de ejemplares para herbario de pteridofitas</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mickel</surname>
<given-names>J.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beitel</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pteridophyte Flora of Oaxaca, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Mem. New York Bot. Gard</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mickel</surname>
<given-names>J.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Pteridophytes of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Mem. New York Bot. Gard</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moran</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora Mesoamericana: Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae</article-title>
<source>Flora Mesoamericana: Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-García</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reyes Jaramillo</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Helechos mexicanos: formas de crecimiento, hábitat y variantes edáficas</article-title>
<source>ContactoS</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reyes Jaramillo</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fundamentos teórico-prácticos de temas selectos de la ciencia del suelo: Parte I</article-title>
<source>Fundamentos teórico-prácticos de temas selectos de la ciencia del suelo: Parte I</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llorente</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luna</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">XVII: El desarrollo de los estudios sobre pteridofitas de México</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Taxonomía Biológica</article-title>
<source>Taxonomía Biológica</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Autónoma de México, Fondo de Cultura Económica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramamoorthy</surname>
<given-names>T.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bye</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lot</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fa</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Pteridofitas mexicanas: distribución y endemismo</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad biológica de México: orígenes y distribución</article-title>
<source>Diversidad biológica de México: orígenes y distribución</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Biología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rzedowski</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vegetación de México</article-title>
<source>Vegetación de México</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Limusa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Breedlove</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pteridophytes</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Chiapas</article-title>
<source>Flora of Chiapas</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>California Acad. Sci</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Strasburger</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Noll</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schenck</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schimper</surname>
<given-names>A.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tratado de botánica</article-title>
<source>Tratado de botánica</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Omega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tejero Díez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arreguín Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lista con anotaciones de las Pteridofitas del Estado de México</article-title>
<source>Acta Botán. Mex</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>69</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tryon</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biogeography of species, with special reference to ferns</article-title>
<source>Bot. Rev</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evolución vegetal</article-title>
<source>Evolución vegetal</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Omega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Escalona Maurice</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis de las políticas públicas en la agricultura urbana caso Texcoco, México</article-title>
<source>Análisis de las políticas públicas en la agricultura urbana caso Texcoco, México</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fenología reproductiva de las especies arbóreas del bosque tropical de Tenosique, Tabasco, México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ochoa-Gaona</surname>
<given-names>Susana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez Hernández</surname>
<given-names>Isidro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de Jong</surname>
<given-names>Bernardus H.J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento de Agroecología </institution>
<addr-line>Villahermosa Tabasco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>657</fpage>
<lpage>673</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Reproductive phenology of tree species in the Tenosique tropical forest, Tabasco, Mexico. Between August 2003 and August 2005 we registered the flowering and fruiting of 75 tree species (341 individual trees) in a tropical rain forest at Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico. Monthly we checked five transects (500 m long; 5 m wide). To test the homogeneity of flowering and fruiting during the year, and between adjacent months, we applied a X² test. The flowering was bimodal, with a highest peak in March and April, coinciding with the dry season, and a second lower peak in July when precipitation is relatively low. The highest number of fruiting tree species occur between May and July, with its peak in May. Each of the most common botanical families showed a particular phenological pattern. Monthly rainfall and the number of species flowering or fruiting were not significantly correlated. This means that trees are flowering and fruiting all year long, with seasonal increases of both phenological phenomena in the dryer periods. We conclude that phenological patterns vary between individuals and between years and are not seasonally correlated. The data we generated are relevant to program the best periods of seed collections according to individual or groups of species, as part of forest management and conservation practices. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 657-673. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La fenología de 341 árboles que corresponden a 75 especies fue estudiada en las montañas de Tenosique, Tabasco, entre agosto del 2003 hasta agosto del 2005. Para ello, se establecieron cinco transectos de 500 m de largo por cinco metros de ancho, los cuales se evaluaron mensualmente. Si alguno de los individuos de las especies tenía flores o frutos, la especie como un todo fue considerada en floración o fructificación en ese mes. Se aplicaron pruebas de homogeneidad de ji-cuadrada para evaluar la homogeneidad de la floración y fructificación a lo largo del año y por periodos bimensuales. La floración fue bimodal, con un pico de mayor floración de marzo a abril que corresponde a menor precipitación. En julio se presentó un segundo pico de floración con 21 especies, correspondiendo igualmente a un decremento de la precipitación. El mayor número de especies con fruto se presentó entre mayo y junio, el cual no fue significativo estadísticamente. También se analizan los patrones fenológicos de las familias con mayor número de especies, los cuales difirieron entre sí. No se encontró relación entre el número de especies floreciendo o fructificando y la precipitación promedio mensual. Se encontraron picos fenológicos poco marcados debido a que en la zona de estudio la estacionalidad es poco marcada. Los patrones fenológicos varían dentro de una especie, entre años y entre localidades. Los datos que se aportan en el presente trabajo son relevantes para definir los periodos apropiados de recolecta de semillas para la realización de prácticas de manejo y conservación.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>phenophases</kwd>
<kwd>reproductive biology</kwd>
<kwd>tropical forest</kwd>
<kwd>tropical trees</kwd>
<kwd>woody flora</kwd>
<kwd>fenofases</kwd>
<kwd>flora leñosa</kwd>
<kwd>bosque tropical</kwd>
<kwd>árboles tropicales</kwd>
<kwd>biología reproductiva</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bencke</surname>
<given-names>C.S.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morellato</surname>
<given-names>L.P.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Comparação de dois métodos de avaliação da fenologia de plantas, sua interpretação e representação</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Bot</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borchert</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Responses of tropical trees to rainfall seasonality and its long term changes</article-title>
<source>Climatic Change</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Budowski</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">La identificación en el campo de los árboles forestales más importantes de la América Central</article-title>
<source>La identificación en el campo de los árboles forestales más importantes de la América Central</source>
<year>1954</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Turrialba </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cabrera</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sousa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Téllez</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Imágenes de la flora Quintanarroense</article-title>
<source>Imágenes de la flora Quintanarroense</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chuine</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beaubien</surname>
<given-names>E.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenology is a major determinant of tree species range</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Lett</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Colinvaux</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Colinvaux</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Especies comunes y especies raras</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la Ecología</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la Ecología</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Limusa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Croat</surname>
<given-names>T.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Barro Colorado Island</article-title>
<source>Flora of Barro Colorado Island</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Stanford^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Stanford</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Finney</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Statistics for biologists</article-title>
<source>Statistics for biologists</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Chapman and Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fournier</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Charpantier</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El tamaño de la muestra y la frecuencia de observaciones en el estudio de las características fenológicas de los árboles tropicales</article-title>
<source>Turrialba</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galindo</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruíz A</surname>
<given-names>S. del C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zenteno R</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sol S</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bouchot C</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Izquierdo R</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sustento técnico del documento de propuesta de decreto del área natural protegida denominada &quot;Sierra de Tenosique&quot; UJAT-SEDESPA</article-title>
<source>Sustento técnico del documento de propuesta de decreto del área natural protegida denominada &quot;Sierra de Tenosique&quot; UJAT-SEDESPA</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Villahermosa^eTabasco </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gobierno del estado de Tabasco</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gentry</surname>
<given-names>J.L. Jr</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Standley</surname>
<given-names>P.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part X, Numbers 1 and 2</article-title>
<source>Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part X, Numbers 1 and 2</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Field Museum of Natural History</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Municipio de Tenosique</article-title>
<source>Municipio de Tenosique</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Villahermosa^eTabasco </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Secretaria de Desarrollo Social y Protección Ambiental, Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holdridge</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual dendrológico para 1 000 especies arbóreas en la República de Panamá: Inventarización y demostraciones forestales. Informe Técnico No.1</article-title>
<source>Manual dendrológico para 1 000 especies arbóreas en la República de Panamá: Inventarización y demostraciones forestales. Informe Técnico No.1</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Panamá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hubbell</surname>
<given-names>S.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Foster</surname>
<given-names>R.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Soulé</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Commonness and rarity in a Neotropical forest: implications for tropical tree conservation</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity</article-title>
<source>Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Sunderland^eMasachusets </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Sinauer</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cuaderno estadístico municipal de Tenosique</article-title>
<source>Cuaderno estadístico municipal de Tenosique</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Villahermosa^eTabasco </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Justiniano</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fredericksen</surname>
<given-names>T.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenology of tree species in Bolivian dry forests</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Longino</surname>
<given-names>J.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A negative correlation between growth and rainfall in a tropical liana</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mantovani</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruschel</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sedrez dos Reis</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Puchalski</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nodari</surname>
<given-names>R.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Fenologia reprodutiva de espécies arbóreas em uma formação secundária da floresta Atlântica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Árvore</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morellato</surname>
<given-names>L.P.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Talora</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Takahasi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bencke</surname>
<given-names>C.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Romera</surname>
<given-names>E.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zipparro</surname>
<given-names>V.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenology of Atlantic rain forest trees: a comparative study</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nash</surname>
<given-names>D.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>L.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part XII</article-title>
<source>Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part XII</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eChicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Field Museum of Natural History</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ochoa-Gaona</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Domínguez-Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Distribución y fenología de la flora leñosa de Chajul, Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, México</article-title>
<source>Brenesia</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ochoa-Gaona</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bratkévich</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Romero</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Jong</surname>
<given-names>B.H.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rostrand</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Descripción de las especies: Informe final proyecto etnobotánica de las especies forestales de la IV Región</article-title>
<source>Descripción de las especies: Informe final proyecto etnobotánica de las especies forestales de la IV Región</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Managua </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Agraria</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pennington</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sarukhán</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Árboles tropicales de México</article-title>
<source>Árboles tropicales de México</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Fondo de Cultura Económica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sakai</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenological diversity in tropical forests</article-title>
<source>Popul. Ecol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salas Estrada</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Árboles de Nicaragua</article-title>
<source>Árboles de Nicaragua</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Managua </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nicaragüense de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Standley</surname>
<given-names>P.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Steyermark</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Parts. I, II, III, IV, V y VI</article-title>
<source>Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Parts. I, II, III, IV, V y VI</source>
<year>1946</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>96</day>
<publisher-loc>^eChicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Field Museum of Natural History</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Standley</surname>
<given-names>P.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>L.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part VII, VIII, IX, XI</article-title>
<source>Flora of Guatemala: Fieldiana: Botany 24, Part VII, VIII, IX, XI</source>
<year>1961</year>
<month>-1</month>
<day>97</day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Field Museum of Natural History</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Steyermark</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Guatemala</article-title>
<source>Ecology</source>
<year>1950</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaplin</surname>
<given-names>B.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kristensen</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Munyaligoga</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mvukiyumwami</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kajondo</surname>
<given-names>K.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moermond</surname>
<given-names>T.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tree phenology in a tropical montane forest in Rwanda</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Talora</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morellato</surname>
<given-names>P.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Fenologia de espécies arbóreas em floresta de planície litorânea do sudeste do Brasil</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Bot</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vílchez</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Fenología y biología reproductiva del nazareno (Peltogyne purpurea Pittier) en un bosque intervenido de la Península de Osa, Costa Rica, América Central</article-title>
<source>Kurú: Rev. For</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vílchez</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chazdon</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Redondo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fenología reproductiva de cinco especies forestales del bosque secundario tropical</article-title>
<source>Kurú: Rev. For</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Schaik</surname>
<given-names>C.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Light and the phenology of tropical trees</article-title>
<source>Am. Nat</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>143</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biostatistical analysis</article-title>
<source>Biostatistical analysis</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aviso mediante el cual se informa al público en general que están a su disposición los estudios realizados para justificar la expedición del Decreto por el que se pretende declarar como área natural protegida con el carácter de Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna, la zona conocida como Cañón del Usumacinta, localizada en el Municipio de Tenosique, en el Estado de Tabasco</article-title>
<source>Diario Oficial de la Federación</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month>3 </month>
<day>de</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Forest phenology</article-title>
<source>Forest phenology</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Plana</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la ecología y dinámica del bosque tropical: Curso sobre gestión y conservación de bosques tropicales</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la ecología y dinámica del bosque tropical: Curso sobre gestión y conservación de bosques tropicales</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Centro Tecnológico Forestal de Cataluña</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Preuhsler</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bastrup-Birk</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beuker</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests Part IX Phenological Observations</article-title>
<source>Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests Part IX Phenological Observations</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Enciclopedia de los municipios de México, Estado de Tabasco, Tenosique</article-title>
<source>Enciclopedia de los municipios de México, Estado de Tabasco, Tenosique</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal (INAFED) en coordinación con los Gobiernos de los Estados</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sistemas de producción de Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) en el centro-occidente de México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez Hernández</surname>
<given-names>Blanca C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barrios Eulogio</surname>
<given-names>Pimienta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castellanos Ramos</surname>
<given-names>Javier Z</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Muñoz Urias</surname>
<given-names>Alejandro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palomino Hasbach</surname>
<given-names>Guadalupe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta Barrios</surname>
<given-names>Enrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CUCBA Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Ecología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,INIFAP-Región Centro Campo Experimental Bajío </institution>
<addr-line>Celaya Guanajuato</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología Jardín Botánico</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,CUCBA Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Producción Agrícola </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>675</fpage>
<lpage>687</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Production systems of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) in Central West México. Morphological, physical and chemical traits related with fruit quality characteristics of Spondias purpurea L. agroecosystems were studied in Central-West Mexico for wild and cultivated populations. Spondias purpurea regularly thrive in shallow, rocky infertile soils unsuitable for conventional crops. The weight, axial and radial length, pH, total soluble solids (SST), reducing sugars, proteins and mineral content in fruits were recorded. The mean fresh fruit weight was superior in the cultivated varieties (20 g) than in the wild (16 g). Similarly the highest values of pH, SST, reducing sugars and protein content (3.3, 12.15º Brix, 0.38 g/100 g and 1.18 g/100 g, respectively) were observed in the cultivated plantations compared with wild populations (3.0, 8.31º Brix, 0.24 g/100 g and 0.14 g/100 g, respectively). In cultivated plantations, productivity ranged from 0.15 ton ha-1 to 5.0 ton ha-1, and must be considered satisfactory, considering the low inputs of fertilizers and pesticides applied to orchards. The fruits of S. purpurea are similar in nutrimental content to more important commercial fruit species; it produces fresh fruits during the dry months of spring, when few fresh fruits are available in the local markets. In addition, S. purpurea is a source of water and food for domestic animals and wild fauna. These traits emphasize their agronomical and ecological importance for tropical and subtropical environments, where it can also be used in reforestation programs because it can grow in infertile rocky soils, and in agroecosystems inhabited by low income farmers that practice subsistence agriculture. In fact, the cultivation of Spondias has helped convert marginal lands into productive lands. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 675-687. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Describimos las características de los agroecosistemas y rasgos morfológicos, físicos y químicos relacionados con la calidad de los frutos de la guayaba, Spondias purpurea L., que se producen en poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas en el centro-occidente de México. Spondias purpurea se desarrolla en suelos rocosos, poco profundos e infértiles, poco aptos para la agricultura tradicional. En los frutos se registró el peso, longitud axial y radial, pH, sólidos solubles totales (SST), azúcares reductores, proteínas y contenido de minerales. El peso promedio de frutos en las variedades cultivadas (20 g) resultó superior al de las silvestres (16 g). Las variedades cultivadas registraron en promedio los valores más altos de pH, SST, azúcares reductores y contenido de proteínas (3.3, 12.15º Brix, 0.38 g/100 g y 1.18 g/100 g, respectivamente) que las silvestres (3.0, 8.31º Brix, 0.24 g/100 g y 0.14 g/100 g, respectivamente). La productividad de la especie es aceptable (de 0.15 ton ha-1 a 5.0 ton ha-1) dado que requiere de un mínimo de manejo agronómico. Esta especie tiene un contenido nutrimental comparable al de las especies frutales más importantes; además, produce frutos frescos durante los meses secos de la primavera por lo que S. purpurea es fuente de agua y alimento para la fauna silvestre y doméstica. Estas características resaltan su importancia agronómica y ecológica para los ambientes tropicales y subtropicales en donde puede ser utilizada en programas de reforestación por su capacidad para desarrollarse en suelos rocosos infértiles, y en agroecosistemas en los que se practica agricultura de subsistencia. De hecho, el cultivo de S. purpurea puede ayudar a convertir suelos marginales en productivos.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Spondias purpurea</kwd>
<kwd>Anacardiaceae</kwd>
<kwd>subtropical climate</kwd>
<kwd>agroecosystem description</kwd>
<kwd>fruit chemical composition</kwd>
<kwd>Spondias purpurea</kwd>
<kwd>Anacardiaceae</kwd>
<kwd>clima subtropical</kwd>
<kwd>composición química de frutos</kwd>
<kwd>agroecosistemas</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aerts</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chapin III</surname>
<given-names>F.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fitter</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Raffaelli</surname>
<given-names>D.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Ecological Research</article-title>
<source>Advances in Ecological Research</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Diego^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic Press</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Airy Shaw</surname>
<given-names>H.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Forman</surname>
<given-names>L.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The genus Spondias L. (Anacardiaceae) in tropical Asia</article-title>
<source>Kew Bulletin</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aldana</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El campo Jalisciense durante el porfiriato</article-title>
<source>El campo Jalisciense durante el porfiriato</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Guadalajara </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad de Guadalajara</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arntz</surname>
<given-names>A. M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Delph</surname>
<given-names>L. F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pattern and process: evidence for the evolution of photosynthetic traits in natural populations</article-title>
<source>Oecologia</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>127</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Avitia</surname>
<given-names>G.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía precigótica y postcigótica en relación al aborto de óvulos y semillas en Spondias purpurea L</article-title>
<source>Anatomía precigótica y postcigótica en relación al aborto de óvulos y semillas en Spondias purpurea L</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Avitia</surname>
<given-names>G. E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castillo</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ciruela mexicana y otras especies del género Spondias L</article-title>
<source>Ciruela mexicana y otras especies del género Spondias L</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chapingo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barnes</surname>
<given-names>B. V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zak</surname>
<given-names>D. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Denton</surname>
<given-names>S. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spurr</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Forest Ecology</article-title>
<source>Forest Ecology</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benavente</surname>
<given-names>Fray T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España</article-title>
<source>Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Porrúa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benitez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La ruta de Hernán Cortés</article-title>
<source>La ruta de Hernán Cortés</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fondo de Cultura Económica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bordeleau</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Myers-Smith</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Midak</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Szeremeta</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food Quality: A comparison of organic and conventional fruits and vegetables</article-title>
<source>Food Quality: A comparison of organic and conventional fruits and vegetables</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ecological Agriculture, Den Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bringhurst</surname>
<given-names>R.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>J.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janick</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategia genotécnica</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">AGT Métodos genotécnicos en frutales</article-title>
<source>AGT Métodos genotécnicos en frutales</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burdon</surname>
<given-names>J.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mitra</surname>
<given-names>Sisir</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Postharvest handling of tropical and subtropical fruit for export</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits</article-title>
<source>Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Londres </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CAB International</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janick</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">South American Fruits deserving further attention</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Progress in New Crops</article-title>
<source>Progress in New Crops</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Arlington^eVirginia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>ASHS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carnal</surname>
<given-names>W.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Black</surname>
<given-names>C.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Soluble sugars as the carbohydrate reserve for CAM in pineapple leaves</article-title>
<source>Plant Phisiol</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>90</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>A.Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cultivo del ciruelo (Spondias spp.), en el municipio de San Cristóbal de la Barranca, Jalisco</article-title>
<source>Cultivo del ciruelo (Spondias spp.), en el municipio de San Cristóbal de la Barranca, Jalisco</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México: Colima</article-title>
<source>Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México: Colima</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Colima </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gobierno del Estado de Colima</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Challenger</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Utilización y conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres de México: Pasado, presente y futuro</article-title>
<source>Utilización y conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres de México: Pasado, presente y futuro</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico, D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Choe</surname>
<given-names>T.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thimann</surname>
<given-names>K.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The metabolism of oat leaves during senescence III: The senescence of isolated chloroplast</article-title>
<source>Plant Physiol</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Crane</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagy</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wardoski</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Origin and distribution of tropical and subtropical fruits</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fruits of Tropical and Subtropical Origin: Composition, Properties and Uses</article-title>
<source>Fruits of Tropical and Subtropical Origin: Composition, Properties and Uses</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lake Alfred^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Florida Science Source, Inc</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz del Castillo</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España</article-title>
<source>Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editores Mexicanos Unidos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Estrada</surname>
<given-names>V.R.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El cultivo del nance (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) en el Ejido de Campos, Mpio de Manzanillo, Colima</article-title>
<source>El cultivo del nance (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) en el Ejido de Campos, Mpio de Manzanillo, Colima</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galván</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los municipios de Jalisco: Colección Enciclopédica de los Municipios de México</article-title>
<source>Los municipios de Jalisco: Colección Enciclopédica de los Municipios de México</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Secretaria de Gobernación y Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco, Centro Nacional de Estudios Municipales de la Secretaría de Gobernación</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jones, Jr</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wolf</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant analysis handbook: a practical sampling preparation, analyses and interpretation guide</article-title>
<source>Plant analysis handbook: a practical sampling preparation, analyses and interpretation guide</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Athens^eGeorgia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Micro Macro Intl</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Koziol</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Macía</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chemical composition, nutritional evaluation and economic prospects of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae)</article-title>
<source>Econom. Bot</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kushman</surname>
<given-names>L.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ballinger</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Relation of quality indices of individual blueberries to photoelectrics measurements of anthocyanin content</article-title>
<source>J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lambers</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chapin III</surname>
<given-names>S.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pons</surname>
<given-names>T.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant physiological ecology</article-title>
<source>Plant physiological ecology</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Springer Verlag</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lamberts</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crane</surname>
<given-names>H.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janick</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simon</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical fruits</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Advances in New Crops</article-title>
<source>Advances in New Crops</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Portland^eOregon </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Timber</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>León</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagy</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wardoski</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spondias: The red mombin and related fruits</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fruits of Tropical and Subtropical Origin: Composition, Properties and Uses</article-title>
<source>Fruits of Tropical and Subtropical Origin: Composition, Properties and Uses</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lake Alfred^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Florida Science Source, Inc</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leroy</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Les fruits tropicaux et subtropicaux</article-title>
<source>Les fruits tropicaux et subtropicaux</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>París </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Press Universitaires de France</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lorenzo-Bautista</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Xolocotzi</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">El desarrollo prehistórico e histórico de los agroecosistemas</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Agroecosistemas de México</article-title>
<source>Agroecosistemas de México</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>Primera</edition>
<publisher-loc>Chapingo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Colegio de Postgraduados</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lowry</surname>
<given-names>O.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roseborough</surname>
<given-names>N.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Farr</surname>
<given-names>A.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Protein measurements with the folin phenol reagent</article-title>
<source>J. Biol. Chem</source>
<year>1951</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>193</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macía</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barfod</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Economic botany of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) in Ecuador</article-title>
<source>Econom. Bot</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mandujano</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallina</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bullock</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Frugivory and dispersal of Spondias purpurea</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Medina-García</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruiz-Corral</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Parra</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los Climas de México: CIRPC-INIFAPSAGAR. Libro Técnico No. 1</article-title>
<source>Los Climas de México: CIRPC-INIFAPSAGAR. Libro Técnico No. 1</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>GuadalajaraJalisco </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schaal</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Domestication of a Mesoamerican cultivated fruit tree, Spondias purpurea</article-title>
<source>P.N.A.S</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>102</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Knouft</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">GIS-based characterization of the geographic distributions of wild and cultivated populations of the Mesoamerican fruit tree Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae)</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morton</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morton</surname>
<given-names>Julia F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Purple mombin</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fruits of Warm Climates</article-title>
<source>Fruits of Warm Climates</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Miami^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Creative Resource Systems, Inc</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakasone</surname>
<given-names>HY</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paull</surname>
<given-names>R. E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical fruits</article-title>
<source>Tropical fruits</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Wallingtonford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CAB International</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nava-Cruz</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maass-Moreno</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Briones-Villareal</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendez-Ramirez</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the edge effect on two arboreal species of the tropical dry forest of Jalisco, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Agrociencia</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Owen</surname>
<given-names>A.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Splett</surname>
<given-names>P.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Owen</surname>
<given-names>G.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nutrition in the community: the art and science of delivering services</article-title>
<source>Nutrition in the community: the art and science of delivering services</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>Fourth</edition>
<publisher-loc>Boston </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Mc.Graw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Owolarafe</surname>
<given-names>O.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Adebooye</surname>
<given-names>O.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Adegbenjo</surname>
<given-names>O.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Physical properties and food value of Spondias mombin L. -an underexploited fruit of Nigeria</article-title>
<source>J. Food Sci. Technol. Mysore</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pennington</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sarukhán</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Árboles tropicales de México</article-title>
<source>Árboles tropicales de México</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fondo de Cultura Económica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.): a valuable fruit crop for the semiarid lands of Mexico</article-title>
<source>J. Arid Env</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenology, growth, and response to light of ciruela mexicana (Spondias purpurea L. Anacardiaceae)</article-title>
<source>Econom. Bot</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>57</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nobel</surname>
<given-names>P.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pitaya (Stenocereus spp. Cactaceae): an ancient and modern fruit crop of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Econom. Bot</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nobel</surname>
<given-names>P.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reproductive characteristics of pitayo (Stenocereus queretaroensis) and their relationship with soluble sugars and irrigation</article-title>
<source>J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>120</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pimienta-Barrios</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El nopal tunero: Libros Tiempos de Ciencia</article-title>
<source>El nopal tunero: Libros Tiempos de Ciencia</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Guadalajara^eJalisco </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Investigación Científica y Superación Académica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>W.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dantas</surname>
<given-names>A.C.V.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fonseca</surname>
<given-names>A.A.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ledo</surname>
<given-names>C.A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jesus</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calanfage</surname>
<given-names>P.L.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>E. M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterizacao física, físico-química e química de frutos de genótipos de cajazeiras</article-title>
<source>Pesq. Agropec. Bras</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez Hernández</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Etnobotánica y ecofisiología de ciruela mexicana (Spondias purpurea L.)</article-title>
<source>Etnobotánica y ecofisiología de ciruela mexicana (Spondias purpurea L.)</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>E. S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villaseñor</surname>
<given-names>H. S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación de la propagación por estacado de tres tipos de ciruela mexicana (Spondias spp L.) en el estado de Colima</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Resúmenes del XII Congreso de Fitogenética 18-22 de julio 1988</article-title>
<source>Resúmenes del XII Congreso de Fitogenética 18-22 de julio 1988</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chapingo </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ruenes</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phenologycal characterization of Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in the home gardens of Hocabá, Yucatán</article-title>
<source>Phenologycal characterization of Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in the home gardens of Hocabá, Yucatán</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<conf-name>Symposium in Plant Biology. &quot;Lowland Maya Area: Three Millenia at the Human-Wild land Interface</conf-name>
<conf-loc>Riverside California</conf-loc>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ryser</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eek</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Consequences of phenotypic plasticity vs. interespecific differences in leaf and root traits for acquisition of aboveground and belowground resources</article-title>
<source>Amer. J. Bot</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>87</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rzedowski</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vegetación de Mexico</article-title>
<source>Vegetación de Mexico</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMexico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Limusa Noriega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salunkhe</surname>
<given-names>D.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kadam</surname>
<given-names>S.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Handbook of fruit science and technology: production, composition, storage and processing</article-title>
<source>Handbook of fruit science and technology: production, composition, storage and processing</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CRC</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Samson</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical fruits</article-title>
<source>Tropical fruits</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Singapur </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Longman Scientific &amp; Technical</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>C.A.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Dispersão da variabilidade fenotípica do umbuzeiro no semi-árido brasileir</article-title>
<source>Pesq. Agropec. Bras</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sistrunk</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>J. N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janick</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Calidad</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Métodos Genotécnicos en Frutales</article-title>
<source>Métodos Genotécnicos en Frutales</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico, D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>AGT, S. A</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Somogyi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes of sugar determination</article-title>
<source>J. Biol. Chem</source>
<year>1952</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>195</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>St. Louis</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Badrie</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Production of a fruit based hot sauce using golden apples (Spondias cytherea) in the Caribbean: Effects of peel addition, brining and storage on quality sauces</article-title>
<source>J. Food Quality</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sturrock</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fruits for southern Florida</article-title>
<source>Fruits for southern Florida</source>
<year>1959</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Florida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Southeastern Printing</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomas</surname>
<given-names>V.M.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización de la variación de algunos componentes químicos de la pulpa y semilla del fruto de pitaya (Stenocereus queretaroensis [Weber] Buxbaum)</article-title>
<source>Caracterización de la variación de algunos componentes químicos de la pulpa y semilla del fruto de pitaya (Stenocereus queretaroensis [Weber] Buxbaum)</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>B.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miksicek</surname>
<given-names>C.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Economic plant species associated with Prehistoric agriculture in the Maya lowlands</article-title>
<source>Econom. Bot</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vázquez-Yanes</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bastis-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>A.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alcocer-Silva</surname>
<given-names>M.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gual-Díaz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Dirzo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Árboles y arbustos nativos potencialmente valiosos para la restauración ecológica y la reforestación: Reporte técnico del proyecto JO84</article-title>
<source>Árboles y arbustos nativos potencialmente valiosos para la restauración ecológica y la reforestación: Reporte técnico del proyecto JO84</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONABIO. Instituto de Ecología, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>W.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cifuentes</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fischer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres C</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Rejuvenecimiento de un huerto modelo de melocotón en el Altiplano de Guatemala por medio de manejo integrado</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">International Symposium on Fruit Growing in Tropical Highlands</article-title>
<source>International Symposium on Fruit Growing in Tropical Highlands</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bogotá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wills</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McGlasson</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Graham</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Joyce</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Postharvest: An introduction to the physiology &amp; handling of fruit, vegetables &amp; ornamentals</article-title>
<source>Postharvest: An introduction to the physiology &amp; handling of fruit, vegetables &amp; ornamentals</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Sidney </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CAB International</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variation in the wood anatomical structure of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) trees at different ecological conditions in Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moya</surname>
<given-names>Róger</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomazello Fo</surname>
<given-names>Mario</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal </institution>
<addr-line>Cartago </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Ciências Florestais </institution>
<addr-line>Piracicaba São Paulo</addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>689</fpage>
<lpage>704</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The tree Gmelina arborea has been widely introduced in Costa Rica for commercial purposes. This new conditions for melina cause variations on anatomy in secondary xylem of the trees growing in plantations. The objective of the present research was to determine the variation in the anatomy of xylem caused by the ecological conduction variation. Dimensions of fiber, axial parenchyma percentage of cross sections, parameters of vessels and the ray were measured. The results showed that some anatomical characteristics remained stable despite variations of ecological conditions, especially radial parenchyma and anatomical features which were less affected by the altitude. On the other hand, the vessels, axial parenchyma and fiber were less stable because they were affected significantly by the longitude, latitude, altitude and precipitation. Latitude significantly affected vessel percentage, length and diameter of the fiber and lumen. Longitude affected vessel percentage and fiber diameter. Altitude had a significant correlation with the amount of cells at ray height. Annual average precipitation affected vessel percentage and diameter, not only of the fiber, but also of the lumen. These results suggest that the new growth conditions of G. arborea trees in Costa Rica have produced an anatomic adaptation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 689-704. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Gmelina arborea ha sido introducida y ampliamente sembrada en Costa Rica en plantaciones de rápido crecimiento. Estas nuevas condiciones ecológicas provocan variación en la anatomía del xilema de estos árboles. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la variación en la anatomía del xilema debido a la variación de la latitud, longitud, altitud y precipitación. Se evaluaron las dimensiones de las fibras, el porcentaje de área ocupada por el parénquima y los parámetros de los vasos y los radios. Algunas características anatómicas se mantuvieron estables con las variaciones de las condiciones ecológicas evaluadas, especialmente el parénquima radial. La altitud es la condición ecológica con menor afecto en la anatomía de la madera. Los vasos, el parénquima axial y las fibras fueron menos estables debido a que fueron afectados significativamente por la longitud, latitud, altitud y precipitación. La latitud afectó significativamente el porcentaje de vasos, porcentaje de radios, largo y diámetro de la fibra y diámetro del lumen; la longitud afectó el porcentaje de vasos y el diámetro de la fibra; la altitud únicamente mostró relación significativa con la cantidad de células en la altura de los radios. La precipitación media anual mostró efectos sobre el porcentaje de poros y el diámetro de la fibra y el lumen. Dichos resultados sugieren que las condiciones de crecimiento en Costa Rica para G. arborea son indicadores de un posible genotipo del árbol.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>plantation wood</kwd>
<kwd>properties</kwd>
<kwd>secondary xylem</kwd>
<kwd>geographical position</kwd>
<kwd>precipitation</kwd>
<kwd>Madera de plantación</kwd>
<kwd>propiedades</kwd>
<kwd>xilema secundario</kwd>
<kwd>posición geográfica</kwd>
<kwd>precipitación</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Akachuku</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of some extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the proportion of vessels in Gmelina arborea Roxb</article-title>
<source>Wood Sci. Tech</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Akachuku</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Burley</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variation of anatomy of Gmelina arborea Roxb. in Nigerian plantations</article-title>
<source>IAWA Bull</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alfaro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Melina: la madera del futuro</article-title>
<source>Rev. For. Centroamericana</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alfaro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Camino</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Melina (Gmelina arborea) in Central America: Working Paper 20</article-title>
<source>Melina (Gmelina arborea) in Central America: Working Paper 20</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Rome </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FAO, Forest Resources Division, Forest Resources Development Service</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New perspectives in wood anatomy: systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy</article-title>
<source>New perspectives in wood anatomy: systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>The Hague </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The wood anatomical range in Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) and its ecological and phylogenetic significance</article-title>
<source>Blumea</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Werker</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fahan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some ecological trends in vessel characters</article-title>
<source>IAWA J</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bolaños</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mapa ecológico de Costa Rica: Según el sistema de clasificación de zonas de vida del mundo de L.R. Holdridge. Escala 1: 200 000</article-title>
<source>Mapa ecológico de Costa Rica: Según el sistema de clasificación de zonas de vida del mundo de L.R. Holdridge. Escala 1: 200 000</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chowdhury</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Initial parenchyma cells in dicotyledonous</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1947</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>160</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chowdhury</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The role of initial parenchyma in the transformation of the structure diffuseporous to ring-porous in the secondary xylem of the genus Gmelina Linn</article-title>
<source>Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India</source>
<year>1953</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Domec</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gartner</surname>
<given-names>B.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age- and positionrelated changes in hydraulic versus mechanical dysfunction of xylem: inferring the design criteria for Douglas-fir wood structure</article-title>
<source>Tree Phy</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Douay</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Bois d´allumetes a la recherche d´essences noulles</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bois For. Trop</source>
<year>1956</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dvorak</surname>
<given-names>W.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">World view of Gmelina arborea: opportunities and challenges</article-title>
<source>New For</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Esan</surname>
<given-names>R.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Study of variation in some structural features and properties of Gmelina arborea Roxb</article-title>
<source>Study of variation in some structural features and properties of Gmelina arborea Roxb</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frimpong-Mensah</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wood quality variation in the tree of some endemic tropical species</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Working Sessions Vol. 1: All Division 5 Conference ``Forest Products´´</article-title>
<source>Working Sessions Vol. 1: All Division 5 Conference ``Forest Products´´</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Nancy </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hornick</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zerbe</surname>
<given-names>J.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Whitmore</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Jari`s successes</article-title>
<source>J. For</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>82</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hughes</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Esan</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variation in some structural features and properties of Gmelina arborea</article-title>
<source>Trop. Sci</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">List of microscopic features for hardwood identification</article-title>
<source>IAWA Bull</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wichern</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Applied multivariate statistical analysis</article-title>
<source>Applied multivariate statistical analysis</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>MacGraw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kalish</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Jari: Project in Northern Brazil</article-title>
<source>Pulp Paper Int</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lamb</surname>
<given-names>A.F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fast growing timber trees of the lowland tropics No. 1: Gmelina arborea</article-title>
<source>Fast growing timber trees of the lowland tropics No. 1: Gmelina arborea</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Oxford and Commonwealth Forestry Institute</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lens</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luteyn</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smets</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jasen</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological trends in the wood anatomy of vaccinioideae (Ericaceae s.l.)</article-title>
<source>Flora</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>199</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lindorf</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eco-anatomical wood features of species from a very dry tropical forest</article-title>
<source>IAWA J</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Noshiro</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Lack of latitudinal trends in wood anatomy of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae)</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>90</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Munsell soil color charts</article-title>
<source>Munsell soil color charts</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Kollmorgen Instruments Corporation</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Metcalfe</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Metcalfe</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chalk</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological anatomy and morphology general survey</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomy of the dicotyledons: Wood structural and conclusion of the general introduction</article-title>
<source>Anatomy of the dicotyledons: Wood structural and conclusion of the general introduction</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oxford Science</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moya</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wood of Gmelina arborea in Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>New For</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moya</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tomazello</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Relationship between anatomical features and intra-ring wood density profiles in Gmelina arborea applying x-ray densitometry</article-title>
<source>Cerne</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nobuchi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kami</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fujita</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Radial variation of vessel and fiber dimensions in some plantation grown tropical trees as it relates to wood qualities</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">International Tropical Wood &quot;New Tropical Timber Crops: Challenges in Processing and Utilization&quot;</article-title>
<source>International Tropical Wood &quot;New Tropical Timber Crops: Challenges in Processing and Utilization&quot;</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Kuala Lumpar </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Noshiro</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Latitudinal trends in wood anatomy within species and genera: case in Cornus S.L. (Cornaceae)</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>87</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ogbonnaya</surname>
<given-names>C.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of nitrogen sources on the wood properties of Gmelina arborea relevant to pulp and paper production</article-title>
<source>For. Ecol. Manag</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ogbonnaya</surname>
<given-names>C.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nwalozie</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nwaigro</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and wood properties of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) seedlings grown under five soil moisture regimes</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>79</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ohbayashi</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shiokura</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomical structure of fast-growing tropical tree species with differing growth rates</article-title>
<source>IAWA Bull</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ohtani</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jing</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fukazawa</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shao Qun</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Multiple perforation plates in Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae)</article-title>
<source>IAWA Bull</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pearson</surname>
<given-names>R.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>H.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Commercial timber of India</article-title>
<source>Commercial timber of India</source>
<year>1932</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew Delhi </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Government of India Central Publication Branch</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Plomion</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leprovost</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stokes</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wood Formation in Trees</article-title>
<source>Physiology</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>127</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ribeiro</surname>
<given-names>T.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Método de complementar de análise da qualidade da madeira com técnicas de processamento digital de imagens</article-title>
<source>Método de complementar de análise da qualidade da madeira com técnicas de processamento digital de imagens</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ruzin</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy</article-title>
<source>Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oxford University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taiz</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zeiger</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fisiologia vegetal</article-title>
<source>Fisiologia vegetal</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Artmed^ePorto Alegre </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Trad. E. Romanato</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Van Der Oever</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baas, P</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zandee</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative wood anatomy of Symplocos and latitude and altitude of provenance</article-title>
<source>IAWA Bull. n.s</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villar</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Montserrat-Martí</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem xylem features in three Quercus (Fagaceae) species along a climatic gradient in NE Spain</article-title>
<source>Trees</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Walter</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lieth</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Klimadiagramm</article-title>
<source>Klimadiagramm</source>
<year>1960</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Berlin </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wetatlas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wiemann</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Willianson</surname>
<given-names>G.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geographic variation in wood specific gravity: effects of latitude, temperature and precipitation</article-title>
<source>Wood Fiber Sci</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kamdem</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Keathley</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Retzel</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paule</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kapur</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Novel gene expression profiles define the metabolic and physiological processes characteristic of wood and its extractive formation in a hardwood tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia</article-title>
<source>Plant Mol. Biol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Transport in the xylem</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trees structure and function</article-title>
<source>Trees structure and function</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zobel</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Buijtenen</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wood variation: its causes and control</article-title>
<source>Wood variation: its causes and control</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Richter</surname>
<given-names>H.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dallwitz</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval</article-title>
<source>Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wheeler</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simpson</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rogers</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gasson</surname>
<given-names>P.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barlett</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Inside Wood: A new internet-accessible wood anatomy database</article-title>
<source>Inside Wood: A new internet-accessible wood anatomy database</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Atributos vitales de especies leñosas en bordes de bosque altoandino de la Reserva Forestal de Cogua (Colombia)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Montenegro</surname>
<given-names>Alba Lucía</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>Orlando</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>705</fpage>
<lpage>720</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Vital traits of woody species in High Andean forest edges of the Cogua Forest Reserve (Colombia). The Cogua Forest Reserve was studied throughout eight months to detect the existence of functional species-groups associated with edge wood forest. A second goal was to determine which species were the most successful in edge areas and their particular vital traits. The regeneration and growth of the forest patches to the adjacent matrix depends on the establishment of these species and their tolerance to both habitats. Three types of High Andean edge forest were studied. Two forest patches were chosen for each of the three edge types: Chusquea scandens edge, &quot;paramune&quot; and old-edge; the name of the latter was given because of its advanced successional state. in each patch, the vegetation was evaluated in two 60 m transects perpendicular to the edge and along the matrix-edge-interior gradient of the forest. All woody species were identified and counted to determine their abundance. A total of nine species were chosen as representative of High Andean forest edges in the reserve, because of their high abundance in this environment, their presence in both patches of each edge type and their ability to colonize the adjacent matrix. Each species was evaluated using 20 vital attributes of individual, leaf, and reproductive traits. Six species groups were found through a Correspondence Analysis. However, all nine species have high variation and plasticity levels for the attributes, even inside the groups. This trend suggests that while they are not clearly differentiated functional groups, they probably are representing different strategies within a single functional group of great plasticity. Tibouchina grossa and Pentacalia Pulchella are found in all edge and matrix types; the other species are found in all edge types, except by Gaiadendron punctatum and Weinmannia tomentosa, absent in the Chusquea scandens edge. All nine species are important elements in the restoration of forest edges, mainly where they are more abundant, evidencing their success in the particular conditions of an edge type. Miconia ligustrina and M. squamulosa are the most relevant species in the Chusquea scandens edge and matrix; while G. punctatum, P. pulchella, W. tomentosa, W. balbisiana and especially Macleania rupestris, are more important in the paramune edge and matrix; Hedyosmum bonplandianum is more important in the edge than in the matrix regeneration, while T. grossa is the most successful edge and matrix regeneration species, because it is the most abundant and has high levels of tolerance, vegetative reproduction and litter production. These features are related with a high rate of tissue replacement, as well as a persistent seed bank with smaller and more numerous seeds, evidence of its high fecundity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 705-720. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En la Reserva Forestal de Cogua (Colombia), estudiamos mediante transectos la vegetación leñosa en dos parches de bosque altoandino para tres tipos de borde: chusque, paramizado y antiguo (este último denominado así por presentar un estado sucesional más avanzado). Seleccionamos como especies típicas de borde las que tenían mayor abundancia en esta zona, presentes en ambos parches del borde y capaces de colonizar la matriz adyacente. Se obtuvo un conjunto de nueve especies a las cuales se les evaluaron 20 atributos vitales, generando seis grupos mediante un análisis de agrupamiento (cluster): 1) Weinmannia balbisiana-W. tomentosa, 2) Gaiadendron punctatum-Hedyosmum bonplandianum, 3) Miconia ligustrina-M. squamulosa, 4) Macleania rupestris, 5) Pentacalia pulchella y 6) Tibouchina grossa. La amplia variación y plasticidad de las especies estudiadas en cuanto a los atributos analizados, conduce a pensar que los conjuntos obtenidos no obedecen a grupos funcionales claramente diferenciados, sino más bien a estrategias diferentes y que estas especies podrían hacer parte de un solo grupo funcional de gran plasticidad. T. grossa es la especie de borde más exitosa en la reserva, dados sus altos valores de abundancia, tolerancia fisiológica, reproducción vegetativa, producción de hojarasca y producción de semillas pequeñas, numerosas, formadoras de un banco de semillas persistente que evidencian su alta fecundidad.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>forest edge</kwd>
<kwd>vital traits</kwd>
<kwd>disturbance</kwd>
<kwd>plant functional groups</kwd>
<kwd>restoration ecology</kwd>
<kwd>Tibouchina grossa</kwd>
<kwd>atributos vitales</kwd>
<kwd>bordes de bosque</kwd>
<kwd>disturbio</kwd>
<kwd>grupos funcionales</kwd>
<kwd>restauración ecológica</kwd>
<kwd>Tibouchina grossa</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efecto de borde sobre el banco de semillas germinable en un fragmento de bosque alto andino (Reserva forestal municipal de Cogua, Cundinamarca)</article-title>
<source>Efecto de borde sobre el banco de semillas germinable en un fragmento de bosque alto andino (Reserva forestal municipal de Cogua, Cundinamarca)</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bannerman</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity and interior habitats: The need to minimize edge effects. Extension note 21</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity management concepts in Landscape Ecology</article-title>
<source>Biodiversity management concepts in Landscape Ecology</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>British Columbia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ministry of forest Research program</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>J.S.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crow</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Naiman</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brosofske</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mroz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brookshire</surname>
<given-names>B.Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Franklin</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microclimate in forest ecosystem and landscape ecology: Variations in local climate can be used to monitor and compare the effects of different management regimes</article-title>
<source>BioScience</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>49</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coomes</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grubb</surname>
<given-names>P.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups</article-title>
<source>TREE</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cornelissen</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lavorel</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garnier</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diaz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buchmann</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gurvich</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reich</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>ter Steege</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morgan</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van der Heijden</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pausas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Poorter</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A handbook of protocols forstandarised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide</article-title>
<source>Aust. J. Bot</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Davies-Colley</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Elswijk</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microclimate gradients across a forest edge: New Zealand</article-title>
<source>J. Ecol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zunzunegui</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tirado</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ain-Lhout</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Novo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant functional types and ecosystem function in Mediterranean shrubland</article-title>
<source>J. Veg. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variación espacio-temporal de la lluvia de semillas en pastizales abandonados de alta montaña</article-title>
<source>Variación espacio-temporal de la lluvia de semillas en pastizales abandonados de alta montaña</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabido</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zak</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Araníbar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant functional traits, ecosystem structure and land-use history along a climatic gradient in central-western Argentina</article-title>
<source>J. Veg. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cabido</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Vive la difference: plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes</article-title>
<source>Tree</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garnier</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Laurent</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bellmann</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Debain</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berthelier</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ducout</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roumet</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Navas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits</article-title>
<source>New Phytol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>152</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grime</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant strategies and vegetation processes</article-title>
<source>Plant strategies and vegetation processes</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gutschick</surname>
<given-names>V.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Research reviews biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure</article-title>
<source>New Phytol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>143</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hammer</surname>
<given-names>Ø</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>D.A.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ryan</surname>
<given-names>P. D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">PAST: Palaeontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis</article-title>
<source>PAST: Palaeontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jaimes</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Banco de semillas y tendencias en la regeneración natural de un bosque altoandino en la región de Monserrate, Colombia</article-title>
<source>Banco de semillas y tendencias en la regeneración natural de un bosque altoandino en la región de Monserrate, Colombia</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kappelle</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leal</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in leaf morphology and foliar nutrient status along a successional gradient in a Costa Rican upper montane Quercus forest</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kolb</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diekmann</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of life-history traits on responses of plant species to forest fragmentation</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cui</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of plants growing in sand dunes</article-title>
<source>Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lusk</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Interspecific variationin seed size and safe sites in a temperate rain forest</article-title>
<source>New Phytol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>158</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mcintyre</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lavorel</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Landsberg</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Forbes</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Disturbance response in vegetation-towards a global perspective on functional traits</article-title>
<source>J. Veg. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Montenegro</surname>
<given-names>A.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bonilla</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategias de regeneración del banco de semillas en una comunidad de bosque alto andino secundario</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategias adaptativas de plantas del páramo y del bosque altoandino en la cordillera oriental de Colombia</article-title>
<source>Estrategias adaptativas de plantas del páramo y del bosque altoandino en la cordillera oriental de Colombia</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bogotá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional, UNIBIBLOS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Murcia</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Edge effects in fragmented forest: implications for conservation</article-title>
<source>Tree</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ozinga</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bekker</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schaminée</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Groenandael</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dispersal potencial in plant communities depends on environmental conditions</article-title>
<source>J. Ecol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Producción y descomposición de hojarasca en un bosque Maulino fragmentado</article-title>
<source>Producción y descomposición de hojarasca en un bosque Maulino fragmentado</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategias regenerativas de Clusia multiflora, Drimys granadensis y Weinmannia tomentosa en el bosque alto andino</article-title>
<source>Estrategias regenerativas de Clusia multiflora, Drimys granadensis y Weinmannia tomentosa en el bosque alto andino</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reich</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cavender-Bares</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Craine</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oleksyn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Westoby</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walters</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra and strategies</article-title>
<source>J. Plant Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>164</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricklefs</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology</article-title>
<source>Ecology</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>W.H. Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roy</surname>
<given-names>B.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stanton</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Eppley</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of environmental stress in leaf hair density and consequences for selection</article-title>
<source>J. Evol. Biol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rusch</surname>
<given-names>G.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pausas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leps</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant functional types in relation to disturbance and land use: introduction</article-title>
<source>J. Veg. Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hendry</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grime</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seeds persistence in soil</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Methods in comparative plant ecology, a laboratory manual</article-title>
<source>Methods in comparative plant ecology, a laboratory manual</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Chapman &amp; Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Trujillo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización de bordes con Chusquea scandens y evaluación de la regeneración luego de disturbios experimentales</article-title>
<source>Caracterización de bordes con Chusquea scandens y evaluación de la regeneración luego de disturbios experimentales</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Westoby</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Falster</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moles</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vesk</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species</article-title>
<source>Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Williams-Linera</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Vegetation structure and environmental conditions of forest edges in Panama</article-title>
<source>J. Ecol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>78</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Williams-Linera</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dominguez-Gastelú</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Zurita</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Micro environment and floristics of different edges in a fragmented tropical rainforest</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zambrano</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Plan de manejo del área de Reserva Forestal Protectora de los nacimientos de quebradas Honda y Calderitas en el municipio de Cogua</article-title>
<source>Plan de manejo del área de Reserva Forestal Protectora de los nacimientos de quebradas Honda y Calderitas en el municipio de Cogua</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bogotá </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR). Subdirección de operaciones de áreas protegidas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efecto de la explotación forestal sobre la estructura, diversidad y composición florística de los palmitales de la Selva Atlántica en Misiones, Argentina</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chediack</surname>
<given-names>Sandra E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ecología </institution>
<addr-line>San Cristóbal de las Casas Chiapas</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>721</fpage>
<lpage>738</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of forest exploitation on structure, diversity, and floristic composition of palmitodominated Atlantic forests at Misiones, Argentina. The effect of forest exploitation - timber and palmito (Euterpe edulis, Palmae) extraction -on structure, diversity, and floristic composition of forests known as palmitals of the Atlantic Forest of Argentina was analyzed. These palmitals are located in Misiones (54 °13’ W and 25°41´ S). Three 1 ha permanent plots were established: two in the &quot;intangible&quot; zone of the Iguazu National Park (PNI), and another in an exploited forest site bordering the PNI. Three 0.2 ha non-permanent plots were also measured. One was located in the PNI reserve zone where illegal palmito extraction occurs. The other two were in logged forest. All trees and palmitos with DBH&gt; 10 cm were identified and DBH and height were measured. For each of the six sites, richness and diversity of tree species, floristic composition, number of endemic species, and density of harvestable tree species were estimated. The harvest of E. edulis increases density of other tree species, diminishing palmito density. Forest explotation (logging and palmito harvest) is accompanied by an increase in diversity and density of heliophilic species, which have greater timber value in the region. However, this explotation also diminishes the density of palmito, of endemic species which normally grow in low densities, and of species found on the IUCN Red List. Results suggest that forest structure may be managed for timber and palmito production. The &quot;intangible&quot; zone of the PNI has the greatest conservation value in the Atlantic Forest, since a greater number of endemisms and endangered species are found here. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 721-738. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se analizó el efecto del aprovechamiento forestal (maderero y de la extracción de palmitos; Euterpe edulis, Palmae), sobre la estructura, diversidad y composición florística de los bosques denominados palmitales de la Selva Atlántica Argentina (54 °13’ W, 25°41´ S), en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Se establecieron 3 ha de parcelas permanentes, dos ubicadas en la zona intangible del Parque Nacional Iguazú (PNI) y otra en un sitio aprovechado forestalmente lindante. Se midieron tres parcelas no permanentes cada una de 0.2 ha. Una se ubicó en la zona de reserva del PNI donde hay extracciones ilegales de palmito. Las otras dos estaban en sitios con aprovechamiento forestal. Todos los árboles y palmitos DAP&gt; 10 cm fueron identificados y se les midió DAP y altura. Para cada uno de los 6 sitios se estimó riqueza y diversidad de especies arbóreas, composición específica, número de especies endémicas y densidad de árboles de especies aprovechables forestalmente. La riqueza y diversidad de especies se correlacionó con la densidad de palmito. Los índices de Shannon de los sitios se compararon con la prueba t y la corrección de Bonferroni. Las estructuras diamétricas considerando todos lo árboles y solo las especies maderables se compararon con la prueba de Duncan. El aprovechamiento de E. edulis aumenta la densidad de otras especies arbóreas, disminuyendo la densidad de palmitos. El aprovechamiento forestal va acompañado de un aumento en la diversidad y en la densidad de especies heliofilas que son las que tienen mayor valor maderero en la región. Este aprovechamiento disminuye la densidad de palmitos, de especies endémicas que normalmente ocurren en bajas densidades y de especies que se encuentran en la lista roja de la UICN. Los resultados sugieren que se puede manejar la estructura del bosque para la producción de maderera y de palmito. La zona intangible del PNI es la que tiene mayor valor para la conservación de la Selva Atlántica ya que en él se encuentran mayor número de endemismos y las especies en peligro de extinción.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Atlantic forest</kwd>
<kwd>Euterpe edulis</kwd>
<kwd>subtropical forest</kwd>
<kwd>forest management</kwd>
<kwd>protected areas</kwd>
<kwd>endemisms</kwd>
<kwd>Selva Atlántica</kwd>
<kwd>Euterpe edulis</kwd>
<kwd>manejo forestal</kwd>
<kwd>endemismos</kwd>
<kwd>áreas protegidas</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Begon</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Townsend</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología: Individuos, poblaciones y comunidades</article-title>
<source>Ecología: Individuos, poblaciones y comunidades</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Omega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boot</surname>
<given-names>R.G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gullison</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Approaches to developing sustainable extraction systems for tropical forest products</article-title>
<source>Ecol Appl</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burley</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gauld</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boyle</surname>
<given-names>T.J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boontawee</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Measuring and monitoring forest biodiversity: a commentary. Measuring and monitoring biodiversity in Tropical and Temperate Forests</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">CIFOR-IUFRO</article-title>
<source>CIFOR-IUFRO</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bogor </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cannon</surname>
<given-names>Ch.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peart</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leighton</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tree species diversity in commercially logged bornean rainforest</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>281</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chao</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shen</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nonparametric estimation of Shannon’s index of diversity when there are unseen species in sample</article-title>
<source>Environ. Ecol. Stat</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chediack</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Servicios ambientales del Parque Nacional Iguazú</article-title>
<source>Parques Nacionales</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Crespo</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología de la comunidad de mamíferos del Parque Nacional Iguazú: Misiones. Rev. M.A.C.N. &quot;Bernardino Rivadavia&quot;</article-title>
<source>Ecología de la comunidad de mamíferos del Parque Nacional Iguazú: Misiones. Rev. M.A.C.N. &quot;Bernardino Rivadavia&quot;</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dallmeier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term monitoring of Biological Diversity in tropical forest areas: methods for establishment and inventory of permanent plots. MAB Digest 11</article-title>
<source>Long-term monitoring of Biological Diversity in tropical forest areas: methods for establishment and inventory of permanent plots. MAB Digest 11</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Paris </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNESCO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Devoto</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rothkugel</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Informe sobre los bosques del Parque Nacional Iguazú</article-title>
<source>Informe sobre los bosques del Parque Nacional Iguazú</source>
<year>1936</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación. Sección publicaciones e informes</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dyer</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Remote sensing Identification of Tornado Tracks in Argentina: Brazil and Paraguay</article-title>
<source>Photometric Engineering and Remote sensing</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galindo-Leal</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Gusmao Câmara</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galindo-Leal</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Gusmao Câmara</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Atlantic Forest hotspot status: An overview</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity status, threats and outlook. State of the hotspots</article-title>
<source>The Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity status, threats and outlook. State of the hotspots</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gentry</surname>
<given-names>A. H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Terborgh</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gentry</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Composition and Dynamics of the Cosha Cashu &quot;Mature&quot; Floodplain Forest</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Four Neotrpical Rainforests</article-title>
<source>Four Neotrpical Rainforests</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>New Haven^eConnecticut </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Yale University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Placci</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galindo-Leal</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Gusmao Câmara</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Socioeconomic roots of biodiversity loss in Misiones</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity status, threats and outlook. State of the hotspots</article-title>
<source>The Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity status, threats and outlook. State of the hotspots</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lammertink</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A Multiple-Site Comparison of Woodpecker Communities in Bornean Lowland and Hill Forests</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Threatened biotas: ‘hotspots` in tropical forests</article-title>
<source>Environmentalists</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mittermeier</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mittermeier</surname>
<given-names>C.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>da Fonseca</surname>
<given-names>G.A.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kent</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>403</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Panfil</surname>
<given-names>S.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gullison</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Short term impacts of experimental timber harvest intensity on forest structure and composition in the Chimanes Forest, Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Forest. Ecol. Manag</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>102</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Placci</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arditi</surname>
<given-names>S.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Giorgis</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wutrich</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura del palmital e importancia de Euterpe edulis como especie clave en el Parque Nacional Iguazú: Argentina</article-title>
<source>Yvyrareta</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Placci</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Giorgis</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura y diversidad de la selva del Parque Nacional Iguazú: Argentina. Actas de VII Jornadas técnicas de ecosistemas forestales nativos: usos, manejo y conservación</article-title>
<source>Estructura y diversidad de la selva del Parque Nacional Iguazú: Argentina. Actas de VII Jornadas técnicas de ecosistemas forestales nativos: usos, manejo y conservación</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Misiones </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Eldorado</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sáenz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Finegan</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guariguata</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Crecimiento y mortalidad en juveniles de siete especies arbóreas en un bosque muy húmedo tropical intervenido de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schiaffino</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chediack</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alonso</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Relevamiento ambiental del establecimiento &quot;El yaguareté&quot;: Caracterización ecológica y evaluación de su condición como unidad de conservación y manejo</article-title>
<source>Relevamiento ambiental del establecimiento &quot;El yaguareté&quot;: Caracterización ecológica y evaluación de su condición como unidad de conservación y manejo</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Programa Refugios de vida Silvestre de Fundación vida Silvestre Argentina</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sist</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reduced impact logging in the tropics: objectives, principles and impacts</article-title>
<source>Int. For. Rev</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rohlf</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research</article-title>
<source>Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>terSteege</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boot</surname>
<given-names>R.G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brouwer</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Caesar</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ek</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hammond</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haripersaud</surname>
<given-names>P.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van der Hout</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jetten</surname>
<given-names>V.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Kekem</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kellman</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zab Khan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Polak</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pons</surname>
<given-names>T.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pulles</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Raaimakers</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rose</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van der Sanden</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zagt</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology and logging in a tropical rainforest in Guyana, with recommendations for forest management: Tropenbos Series 14</article-title>
<source>Ecology and logging in a tropical rainforest in Guyana, with recommendations for forest management: Tropenbos Series 14</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Wageningen </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The Tropenbos Foundation</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kalko</surname>
<given-names>E. K.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lakim</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pfeiffer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of rain forest logging on species richness and assemblage composition of small mammals in Southeast Asia</article-title>
<source>J. Biogeogr</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Whitmore</surname>
<given-names>T.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An introduction to tropical rainforests</article-title>
<source>An introduction to tropical rainforests</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Londres </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Oxford</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yodzis</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Introduction to theoretical ecology</article-title>
<source>Introduction to theoretical ecology</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Harper &amp; Row</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biostatistical analysis</article-title>
<source>Biostatistical analysis</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Prentice-Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zuloaga</surname>
<given-names>F. O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morrone</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Catálogo de las Plantas vasculares de la Argentina</article-title>
<source>Missouri Botanical Garden</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>74</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspidosperma polyneuron</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Balfourodendron riedelianum</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cedrela fissilis</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>L.d’A.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Solanum granulosum-leprosum</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chao</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shen</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Program SPADE (Species Prediction and Diversity Estimation): Program and User`s Guide published</article-title>
<source>Program SPADE (Species Prediction and Diversity Estimation): Program and User`s Guide published</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Prado</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Myrocarpus frondosus</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Albizia edwarllii</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>04</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estructura de la comunidad de colémbolos (Hexapoda: Collembola) en musgos corticícolas en el gradiente altitudinal de un bosque subhúmedo de México</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cutz-Pool</surname>
<given-names>Leopoldo Q</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>José G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castaño-Meneses</surname>
<given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,UNAM Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>739</fpage>
<lpage>748</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200025&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Structure of the Collembolan community (Hexapoda: Collembola) in bark mosses along an altitudinal gradient of a subhumid forest in Mexico. The structure of the community of moss springtails on oak and fir bark in the forests at the NW slope of iztaccíhuatl Volcano, State of Mexico, is analyzed. The study included four samplings (November 2003, March-June-August 2004), carried out in three altitudes I: 2 750 m, II: 2 930 and 3 250 m a.s.l. Calculated indexes were: species richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (J’) and Simpson dominance (&lt;IMG SRC=&quot;/img/revistas/rbt/v56n2/signo3.jpg&quot; WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=14&gt;). An ANOVA of two way test was used to evaluate the effect of altitude and sampling date on the total density of the springtails. The total number of species was 24 (altitude I=17, altitude II=14, altitude III=13). The greatest density was at altitude III and the highest species richness at altitude I. Americabrya arida and Willowsia mexicana were dominant. There is a positive significant effect of altitude on their density. The highest Sörensen similarity between communities was 59 % ( altitudes II and III). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 739-748. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se presentan datos sobre la estructura de la comunidad de colémbolos en musgos corticícolas, de un bosque de encino y abetos en la vertiente NW del Volcán Iztaccíhuatl, Estado de México, México. El estudio comprendió cuatro muestreos (noviembre de 2003, marzo, junio y agosto de 2004), realizados en tres altitudes I: 2 750 m; II: 2 930 m y III: 3 350 m snm. En cada altitud, se calculó la riqueza de especies (S), los índices de diversidad de Shannon (H’), Equitatividad de Pielou (J’) y, dominancia de Simpson (&lt;IMG SRC=&quot;/img/revistas/rbt/v56n2/signo3.jpg&quot; WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=14&gt;). Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de dos vías (ANOVA) para evaluar el efecto de la altitud y fecha de muestreo, sobre la densidad total de los colémbolos. El número total de especies fue de 24, variando de 13 para la altitud mayor a 17 en la menor. La mayor densidad se encontró a mayor altitud. Americabrya arida y Willowsia mexicana fueron las especies dominantes, y se encontró un efecto positivo significativo de la altitud sobre sus densidades. La mayor similitud entre comunidades de acuerdo con el índice de Sörensen se presentó entre las altitudes II y III, con un 59%.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>moss</kwd>
<kwd>Collembola</kwd>
<kwd>diversity</kwd>
<kwd>abundance</kwd>
<kwd>Iztaccíhuatl</kwd>
<kwd>musgos</kwd>
<kwd>Collembola</kwd>
<kwd>diversidad</kwd>
<kwd>abundancia</kwd>
<kwd>Iztaccíhuatl</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acón</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Colémbolos de musgos corticícolas del Valle de Hecho, Pirineo Aragonés: Nota I</article-title>
<source>Graellsia</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acón</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al conocimiento de la flora muscícola de España en la relación con su población de microartrópodos</article-title>
<source>Pirineos</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acón</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simón</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al conocimiento de los Colémbolos muscícolas de la Sierra de Gredos</article-title>
<source>Graellsia</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>André</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Introduction à l’etude écologique des communautés de microarthropodes corticoles soumises a la pollution atmosphérique: I. Les microhabitats corticoles</article-title>
<source>Bull. Ecol</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>André</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on the ecology of corticolous epiphyte dwellers: 2. Collembola</article-title>
<source>Pedobiologia</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>André</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lebrun</surname>
<given-names>Ph</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Quantitative Comparison of the funnel and the brushing methods for Extracting Corticolous Microathropods</article-title>
<source>Ent. Exp. Appl</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Andrew</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodgerson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Extracting invertebrates from bryophytes</article-title>
<source>J. Insect. Conserv</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Andrew</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodgerson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dunlop</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variation in invertebrate-bryophyte community structure at different spatial scales along altitudinal gradients</article-title>
<source>J. Biogeogr</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arlé</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guimaraes</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nova especie saxicola do genero Seira Lubbock, 1869, do Rio de Janeiro (Collembola)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Entomol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Begon</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Townsend</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology: individuals, Populations and communities</article-title>
<source>Ecology: individuals, Populations and communities</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Melbourne </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Blackwell</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonet</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cassagnau</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Izarra</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Étude écologique des collemboles muscicoles du sidore (tarn): II Modèle mathématique de la diatribution des espèces sur un rocher</article-title>
<source>Bull. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. Toul</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1-2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonet</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cassagnau</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Izarra</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Étude écologique des Collemboles muscicoles du Sidobre (Tarn): III. Répartition des especès en function des biotopes</article-title>
<source>Bull. Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. Toul</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonet</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cassagnau</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Travé</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">L’ Ecologie des Arthropodes muscicoles a la lumière de l’Analyse des Correspondances: Collemboles et Oribates Sidobre (Tarn, France)</article-title>
<source>Oecologia</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cutz-Pool</surname>
<given-names>L.Q</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castaño-Meneses</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad y abundancia de colémbolos de musgos corticícolas en el Volcán Iztaccíhuatl (otoño 2003)</article-title>
<source>Entomol. Mex</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de Izarra</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Étude écologique des Collemboles muscicoles du Sidobre (Tarn): I. Le milieu et sa faune</article-title>
<source>Rév. Écol. Biol. Sol</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cárdenas-S</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual Briofitas: Cuadernos del Instituto de Biología, No. 8</article-title>
<source>Manual Briofitas: Cuadernos del Instituto de Biología, No. 8</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Franks</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bergstrom</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Corticolous bryophytes in microphyll fern forests of south-east Queensland: distribution on Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei)</article-title>
<source>Aust. Ecol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gadea</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La zoocenosis muscícola en los biotopos altimontanos</article-title>
<source>P. Inst. Biol. Apl</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen</article-title>
<source>Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Geografía, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gerson</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Moss-arthropod associations</article-title>
<source>Bryologist</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoyle</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harborne</surname>
<given-names>A.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mixed affects of habitat fragmentation on species richness and community structure in a microarthropod microecosystem</article-title>
<source>J. Anim. Ecol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kovác</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A survey of Mexican Folsomides (Collembola: isotomidae) with description of three new species</article-title>
<source>Eur. J. Entomol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ludwing</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reynolds</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Statistical ecology a primer on methods and computing</article-title>
<source>Statistical ecology a primer on methods and computing</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magurran</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological diversity and its measurement</article-title>
<source>Ecological diversity and its measurement</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princeton</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mari-Mutt</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Americabrya, a new genus of Entomobryidae (Collembola), with a redescription of A. arida (Christiansen and Bellinger) based on Mexican specimens and descriptive notes for A. epiphyta (Lorong)</article-title>
<source>J. New York Entomol. Soc</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>95</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mejía-Recamier</surname>
<given-names>B.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maldonado-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cutz-Pool</surname>
<given-names>L.Q</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio exploratorio de los artrópodos en dos biotopos: musgo (Polytrichum sp.) y órgano (Cephalocereus sp.) en Tolantongo, Hidalgo</article-title>
<source>Entomol. Mex</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>H.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New Collembola from Western North America</article-title>
<source>Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc</source>
<year>1935</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Collembola asociados a Tillandsia (Bromeliacea) en el derrame lávico del Chichinautzin, Morelos, México</article-title>
<source>Southwest. Entomol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Note on Collembola of pedregal San Angel, México, D.F</article-title>
<source>Entomol. News</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Microartrópodos del Popocatépetl (Aspectos ecológicos y biogeográficos de los ácaros oribátidos e insectos colémbolos)</article-title>
<source>Microartrópodos del Popocatépetl (Aspectos ecológicos y biogeográficos de los ácaros oribátidos e insectos colémbolos)</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palacios-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castaño-Meneses</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Collembola associated with Tillandsia violacea (Bromeliaceae) in Mexican Quercus-Abies forests</article-title>
<source>Pedobiologia</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Patterson</surname>
<given-names>P.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Corticolous Bryophyte Societes at Mountain Lake, Virginia</article-title>
<source>Am. Midl. Nat</source>
<year>1940</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pianka</surname>
<given-names>E.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: a review of concepts</article-title>
<source>Am. Nat</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>100</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Prinzing</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Corticolous arthropods under climatic fluctuations: compensation is more important than migration</article-title>
<source>Ecography</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rahbek</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The elevational gradient of species richness: a uniform pattern?</article-title>
<source>Ecography</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rahbek</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The relationship among area, elevation, and regional species richness in Neotropical birds</article-title>
<source>Am. Nat</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>149</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ríos-Saís</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villavicencio-Becerril</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Microartrópodos asociados a musgos en Contreras, México, D. F</article-title>
<source>Microartrópodos asociados a musgos en Contreras, México, D. F</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<conf-name>III Simposio de Zoología, II Congreso Latinoamericano de Teriología</conf-name>
<conf-loc>La Habana </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Riverón</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Conocimiento de la artropodofauna asociada a musgos en la localidad altimontana del Estado de Morelos, México</article-title>
<source>Conocimiento de la artropodofauna asociada a musgos en la localidad altimontana del Estado de Morelos, México</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smrz</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The ecology of the microarthropod community inhabiting the moss cover of roofs</article-title>
<source>Pedobiologia</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Statistical user guide: Complete Statistical System StatSoft</article-title>
<source>Statistical user guide: Complete Statistical System StatSoft</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eOklahoma </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Steiner</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of air pollution on mossdwelling animals: 3. Terrestrial fauna, with emphasis on Oribatida and Collembola</article-title>
<source>Acarologia</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Parques Nacionales de México y reservas equivalentes</article-title>
<source>Parques Nacionales de México y reservas equivalentes</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de investigaciones económicas, UNAM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villanueva</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jordana</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio de la fauna colembológica muscícola de cinco comunidades del género Quercus en Navarra, España: Actas III Congreso Ibérico de Entomología</article-title>
<source>Estudio de la fauna colembológica muscícola de cinco comunidades del género Quercus en Navarra, España: Actas III Congreso Ibérico de Entomología</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Granada </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wolda</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Altitud, habitat and tropical insect diversity</article-title>
<source>Biol. J. Linn. Soc</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biostatistical Analysis</article-title>
<source>Biostatistical Analysis</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Englaewood Cliffs^eNueva Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal patterns of parasitism of the tropical spiders Theridion evexum (Araneae, Theridiidae) and Allocyclosa bifurca (Araneae, Araneidae) by the wasps Zatypota petronae and Polysphincta gutfreundi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barrantes</surname>
<given-names>Gilbert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eberhard</surname>
<given-names>William G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weng</surname>
<given-names>Ju-Lin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Panama</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Kansas State University Department of Entomology </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>749</fpage>
<lpage>754</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The rates of parasitism of Theridion evexum by the parasitoid wasp Zatypota petronae, and Allocyclosa bifurca by Polysphincta gutfreundi, were followed for two years. Parasitism of T. evexum was very low (mean 1.39+1.8%), and restricted to nearly seven months of the year. Parasitism of A. bifurca was higher (mean 7.8+7.6%), and did not show a seasonal pattern. Reproduction of the host spider T. evexum was highly seasonal, with only one, highly coordinated generation per year, while adults of A. bifurca were present year round. Short-term autocorrelation on parasitism rates over time at different sites suggest that P. gutfreundi tend to return to the same sites to hunt hosts over periods of a few weeks. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 749-754. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las tasas de parasitismo de Theridion evexum por la avispa parasitoide Zatypota petronae y de Allocyclosa bifurca por Polysphincta gutfreundi fueron estudiadas durante dos años. El parasitismo en T. evexum fue muy bajo (promedio 1.39+1.8%) y restringido a aproximadamente siete meses del año. El parasitismo en A. bifurca fue más alto (promedio 7.8+7.6%) y no mostró un claro patrón estacional. La reproducción de la araña hospedera T. evexum fue muy estacional, con solamente una generación por año, mientras que los adultos de A. bifurca estuvieron presentes todo el año. Autocorrelaciones de las tasas de parasitismo entre censos consecutivos en diferentes sitios sugiere que P. gutfreundi tiende a retornar a los mismos sitios para parasitar las arañas hospederas durante algunas semanas.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Parasitism rate</kwd>
<kwd>parasitoids</kwd>
<kwd>koinobiont wasps</kwd>
<kwd>Theridiidae</kwd>
<kwd>Araneidae</kwd>
<kwd>Ichneumonidae</kwd>
<kwd>Tasa de parasitismo</kwd>
<kwd>parasitoides</kwd>
<kwd>avispas koinobiontes</kwd>
<kwd>Theridiidae</kwd>
<kwd>Araneidae</kwd>
<kwd>Ichneumonidae</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Andrewartha</surname>
<given-names>H. G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Birch</surname>
<given-names>L. C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Selection from the distribution and abundance of animals</article-title>
<source>Selection from the distribution and abundance of animals</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago^eIllinois </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Chicago</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barrantes</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weng</surname>
<given-names>J. L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Natural history, courtship, feeding behaviour and parasites of Theridion evexum (Araneae: Theridiidae)</article-title>
<source>Bull. British Arachnol. Soc</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bergoeing</surname>
<given-names>J. P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geomorfología de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Geomorfología de Costa Rica</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Geográfico Nacional</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cavelier</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guariguata</surname>
<given-names>M. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kattan</surname>
<given-names>G. H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Procesos hidrológicos</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecología y conservación de bosques tropicales</article-title>
<source>Ecología y conservación de bosques tropicales</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cartago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Tecnológica de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eberhard</surname>
<given-names>W. G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Substitution of silk stabilimenta for egg sacs by Allocyclosa bifurca (Araneae: Araneidae) suggests that silk stabilimenta function as camouflage devices</article-title>
<source>Behaviour</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>140</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eberhard</surname>
<given-names>W. G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The natural history and behavior of Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as parasitoid of Plesiometa argyra (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)</article-title>
<source>J. Hym. Res</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eberhard</surname>
<given-names>W. G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spider web manipulation by a wasp larva</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>406</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fincke</surname>
<given-names>O. M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Higgins</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rojas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Parasitsm of Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) by an ichneumonid (Hymenoptera, Polysphinctini) in Panama</article-title>
<source>J. Arachnol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gauld</surname>
<given-names>I. D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ugalde G</surname>
<given-names>J. A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hanson</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Guía de los Pimplinae de Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Godfray</surname>
<given-names>H. C. J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Parasitoids: Behavioral and evolutionary ecology</article-title>
<source>Parasitoids: Behavioral and evolutionary ecology</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Princeton^eNew Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princeton University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gauld</surname>
<given-names>I. D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>S. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hanson</surname>
<given-names>P. E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gauld</surname>
<given-names>L. D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The ichneumonoid families</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oxford University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hanson</surname>
<given-names>P. E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gauld</surname>
<given-names>I. D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical</article-title>
<source>Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Gainesville^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>American Entomological Institute</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D. H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Insects</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Costa Rican natural history</article-title>
<source>Costa Rican natural history</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago^eIllinois </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lessells</surname>
<given-names>C. M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Parasitoid foraging: should parasitism be density dependent?</article-title>
<source>J. Anim. Ecol</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Contributions to the life history of the Pimpline spider parasites (Polysphincta, Zaglyptus, Tromatobia) (Hym. Ichneum.)</article-title>
<source>Entomologisk Forening</source>
<year>1923</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of spiders: Vol. 1</article-title>
<source>The biology of spiders: Vol. 1</source>
<year>1932</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Copenhagen </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Levin &amp; Munksgaard</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of spiders: Vol. 2</article-title>
<source>The biology of spiders: Vol. 2</source>
<year>1932</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Copenhagen </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Levin &amp; Munksgaard</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>M. H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lubin</surname>
<given-names>Y. D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Specialists and generalists: the ecology and behavior of some webbuilding spiders from Papua New Guinea</article-title>
<source>Pac. Ins</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>M. H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology and behavior of the Giant Wood Spider Nephila maculata (Fabricius) New Guinea</article-title>
<source>Smithson. Contrib. Zool</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>149</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rohlf</surname>
<given-names>F. J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biometry</article-title>
<source>Biometry</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>W. F. Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weng</surname>
<given-names>J. L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barrantes</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Natural History and Larval Behavior of the parasitoid Zatypota petronae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)</article-title>
<source>J. Hym. Res</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200027</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diversity, natural history and conservation of amphibians and reptiles from the San Vito Region, southwestern Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-Barrera</surname>
<given-names>Georgina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>Jesus</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mendoza-Quijano</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bolaños</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cháves</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>Gretchen C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ehrlich</surname>
<given-names>Paul R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ceballos</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Museo de Zoología</institution>
<addr-line> México D. F</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ecología </institution>
<addr-line> México D. F</addr-line>
<country>Mèxico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Instituto Tecnológico de Huejutla  </institution>
<addr-line>Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution>,Stanford University Center for Conservation Biology </institution>
<addr-line> California</addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>755</fpage>
<lpage>778</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We present an inventory of the amphibians and reptiles of the San Vito de Coto Brus region, including the Las Cruces Biological Station, in southern Costa Rica, which is the result of a survey of the herpetofauna occurring in mountain forest fragments, pastures, coffee plantations, and other disturbed areas. We found 67 species, included 26 species of amphibians and of 41of reptiles. We describe the distribution patterns of the community on the basis of the life zones, elevation, fragmentation, and degree of anthropogenic impact. We also provide some nouvelle data on the systematics of some select taxa, their geographical ranges, microhabitats, activity, and other relevant ecological and natural history features. Finally, we comment on the present conservation status of the herpetofauna in the region. Previous literature and collection records indicate a higher number of species occurring in this area, which suggests that some declines have occurred, especially of amphibians, in last decades. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 755-778. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este artículo se presenta un inventario de los anfibios y reptiles de la región de San Vito de Coto Brus incluyendo la Estación de Biología Las Cruces, en el sur de Costa Rica. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de las poblaciones de anfibios y reptiles presentes en los parches de bosque, potreros, cafetales y otras áreas perturbadas de la región. Como resultado de esta evaluación se registraron 26 especies de anfibios y 41 de reptiles lo que suma un total de 67 especies. Asimismo se describen los patrones generales de distribución de las especies basándose en los tipos de vegetación así como en la altitud, fragmentación y grado de perturbación antrópica en el área. Se proporcionan algunos datos sobre la sistemática de las especies, su distribución geográfica, el microhábitat que ocupan, su actividad y otros datos ecológicos y biológicos relevantes. Finalmente, se presenta una breve discusión sobre la conservación de la herpetofauna en la región. Algunos registros de la literatura y de colecciones científicas muestran que el número de especies de la herpetofauna conocidos en esta región era probablemente mayor, lo que podría indicar que han ocurrido algunas declinaciones importantes de especies, especialmente de anfibios en las últimas décadas.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Amphibians</kwd>
<kwd>reptiles</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>San Vito</kwd>
<kwd>checklist</kwd>
<kwd>habitat fragmentation</kwd>
<kwd>conservation</kwd>
<kwd>Anfibios</kwd>
<kwd>reptiles</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>San Vito</kwd>
<kwd>inventarios de especies</kwd>
<kwd>fragmentación del hábitat</kwd>
<kwd>conservación</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bell</surname>
<given-names>K.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Donnelly</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of forest fragmentation on community structure of frogs and lizards in Northeastern Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Taxonomic reconsideration of Middle American frogs of the Eleutherodactylus rugulosus Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): a reconnaissance of subtle nuances among frogs</article-title>
<source>Herp. Monographs</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Caughley</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gunn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Conservation Biology in theory and practice</article-title>
<source>Conservation Biology in theory and practice</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge^eMassachusetts </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Blackwell Science</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ceballos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ehrlich</surname>
<given-names>P.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>296</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Storfer</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Global Amphibian Declines: Sorting the hypothesis</article-title>
<source>Divers. Distrib</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Crump</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scott Jr</surname>
<given-names>N.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heyer</surname>
<given-names>W.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Donnelly</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McDiarmid</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hayek</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Foster</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Visual Encounter Surveys</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity, Standard Methods for Amphibians</article-title>
<source>Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity, Standard Methods for Amphibians</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington D. C </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Smithsonian Institution</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ehlich</surname>
<given-names>P.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Preservation of biodiversity in small rainforest patches: rapid evaluations using butterfly trapping</article-title>
<source>Biod. Conserv</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ceballos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Suzán</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Azofeifa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Countryside Biogeography of Neotropical Mammals: Conservation Opportunities in Agricultural Landscape of Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>17</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Duellman</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Duellman</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution patterns of amphibians in Middle America</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Patterns of distribution of amphibians: A global perspective</article-title>
<source>Patterns of distribution of amphibians: A global perspective</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Baltimore^eMaryland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The Johns Hopkins University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Duellman</surname>
<given-names>W. E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The hylid frogs of Middle America: Two volumes</article-title>
<source>The hylid frogs of Middle America: Two volumes</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lawrence^eKansas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fauth</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crother</surname>
<given-names>B.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Slowinski</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Elevational patterns of species richness, evenness, and abundance of the Costa Rican leaf-litter herpetofauna</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Review of the teiid lizard genus Ptychoglossus</article-title>
<source>Herpetol. Monographs</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Heatwole</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sexton</surname>
<given-names>O.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Herpetofaunal comparisons between two climatic zones in Panama</article-title>
<source>Amer. Midl. Natur</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gomes</surname>
<given-names>L.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mapa de unidades bióticas de Costa Rica (1: 685 000)</article-title>
<source>Mapa de unidades bióticas de Costa Rica (1: 685 000)</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de la Caza Fotográfica y Ciencias de la Naturaleza (INCAFO)</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D. H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Costa Rican natural history</article-title>
<source>Costa Rican natural history</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago^eChicago^eIllinois </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Chicago</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>La Marca</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Löters</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Puschendorf</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rueda-Almonacid</surname>
<given-names>J.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schulte</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marty</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Manzanilla-Puppo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bolaños</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chaves</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Toral</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pounds</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catastrophic population declines and extinctions in Neotropical harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus)</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New tree-frog from the Cordillera de Talamanca of Central America with a discussion of systematic relationships in the Hyla lancasteri group</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Decline of a tropical montane amphibian fauna</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mass mortality and population declines of anurans at an upland site in western Panama</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Biol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Papendick</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chytridiomicosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brem</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brenes</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reeve</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alford</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Voyles</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Carey</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Livo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pessier</surname>
<given-names>A. P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community</article-title>
<source>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>103</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mayfield</surname>
<given-names>M.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Countryside biogeography of Neotropical herbaceous and schrubby plants</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Appls</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mendoza-Quijano</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Santos-Barrera</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri (Common Rain Frog): Clutch size and parental care</article-title>
<source>Herp. Review</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Las Cruces Biodiversity Data Base, Herpetology, Birds, Mammals: Las Cruces Biological Field Station</article-title>
<source>Las Cruces Biodiversity Data Base, Herpetology, Birds, Mammals: Las Cruces Biological Field Station</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Jose </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Organization for Tropical Studies</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O’Neill</surname>
<given-names>E.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendelson III</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Taxonomy of Costa Rican Toads Referred to Bufo melanochlorus Cope, with the Description of a New Species</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ceballos</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ehrlich</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Suzan</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-H</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marcé</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diversidad, historia natural y conservación de los mamíferos de la región de San Vito de Coto Brus, Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pechmann</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilbur</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Putting declining amphibian populations in perspective: natural fluctuations and human impacts</article-title>
<source>Herp. Rev</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pineda</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Halffter</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Species diversity and habitat fragmentation: frogs in a tropical montane landscape in Mexico</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conser</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pounds</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fogden</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cambell</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>398</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pounds</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bustamante, J.A</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coloma</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Consuegra</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fogden</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Foster</surname>
<given-names>P.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>La Maza</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Masters</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Merino-Viteri</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Puschendorf</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ron</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramirez-Bautista A</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Canseco-Marquez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendoza-Quijano</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Inventarios Herpetofaunísticos de México: Avances en el conocimiento de su biodiversidad</article-title>
<source>Pubs. Soc. Herpetol. Mex</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Azofeifa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Still</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>B.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease drive by global warming</article-title>
<source>Nature</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>439</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pushendorf</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Atelopus varius (Harlequin frog) fungal infection</article-title>
<source>Herp. Rev</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricketts</surname>
<given-names>T.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical forest fragments enhance pollinator activity in nearby coffee crops</article-title>
<source>Cons. Biol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricketts</surname>
<given-names>T.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Daily</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ehrlich</surname>
<given-names>P.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fay</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Countryside biogeography of moths in a fragmented landscape: biodiversity in nature and agricultural habitat</article-title>
<source>Cons. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Santos-Barrera</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Status of three species of toads in North-western Mexico</article-title>
<source>Froglog</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>63</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas</article-title>
<source>The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago and London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villa</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Introduction to the herpetofauna of Costa Rica: Contributions to Herpelogy 5</article-title>
<source>Introduction to the herpetofauna of Costa Rica: Contributions to Herpelogy 5</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lawrence^eKansas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oxford, Ohio: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of the status and biogeography of the Lizard genera Celestus and Diploglossus (Squamata: Anguidae), with description of two new species from Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schlaepfer</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Frogs and lizards on the edge</article-title>
<source>Amigos Newsletter</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schlaepfer</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gavin</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Edge Effects on lizards and frogs in tropical forest fragments</article-title>
<source>Cons. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>N.J. Jr</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The abundance and diversity of the herpetofaunas of tropical forest litter</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>N.J. Jr</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robinson</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reptiles and Amphibians: Introduction</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Costa Rican Natural History</article-title>
<source>Costa Rican Natural History</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Solórzano</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Snakes of Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Snakes of Costa Rica</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Heredia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stuart</surname>
<given-names>S. N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chanson</surname>
<given-names>J. S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cox</surname>
<given-names>N. A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>B. E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodrigues</surname>
<given-names>A. S. L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fischman</surname>
<given-names>D. L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>R. W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinction worldwide</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>306</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>E.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Additions to the known herpetological fauna of Costa Rica withcomments on other species: No. I</article-title>
<source>Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull</source>
<year>1954</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>E.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Additions to the known herpetological fauna of Costa Rica with comments on other species: No. II</article-title>
<source>Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull</source>
<year>1955</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Urbina-Cardona</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olivares-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reynoso</surname>
<given-names>V.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture-edge-interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve of Veracruz, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>132</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>B.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reaser</surname>
<given-names>J.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ibáñez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salas</surname>
<given-names>A.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cedeño</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coloma</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ron</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>La Marca</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bolaños</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chaves</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Romo</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Population Declines and Priorities for Amphibian Conservation in Latin America</article-title>
<source>Conser. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">UNEP-WCMC, 12 February, 2007.UNEPWCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species</article-title>
<source>UNEP-WCMC, 12 February, 2007.UNEPWCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">2006 Red List of Threatened Species</article-title>
<source>2006 Red List of Threatened Species</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200028</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predispersal home range shift of an ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mares</surname>
<given-names>Rafael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>Ricardo S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>W. Kays</surname>
<given-names>Roland</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wikelski</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,University of Cambridge Department of Zoology </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>UK</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  </institution>
<addr-line>Balboa Ancon</addr-line>
<country>Panama</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,New York State Museum  </institution>
<addr-line> NY</addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Princeton University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>779</fpage>
<lpage>787</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Home range shifts prior to natal dispersal have been rarely documented, yet the events that lead a subadult to abandon a portion of its home range and venture into unfamiliar territories, before eventually setting off to look for a site to reproduce, are probably related to the causes of dispersal itself. Here, we used a combination of manual radio-tracking and an Automated Radio Telemetry System to continuously study the movements of a subadult male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a solitary carnivore with sex-biased dispersal, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, for 18 months from May 2003 through October 2004. The subadult ocelot’s parents were also radio-tracked to record possible parent-offspring interactions within their home ranges. At the age of ca. 21 months the subadult gradually began to shift its natal home range, establishing a new one used until the end of the study, in an area that had previously been used by another dispersing subadult male. Only three parent-offspring interactions were recorded during the four months around the time the range-shift occurred. The apparent peaceful nature of these encounters, along with the slow transition out of a portion of his natal home range, suggest the subadult was not evicted from his natal area by his parents. The timing of the shift, along with the subadult’s increase in weight into the weight range of adult ocelots four months after establishing the new territory, suggests that predispersal home range shifts could act as a low risk and opportunistic strategy for reaching adult size, while minimizing competition with parents and siblings, in preparation for an eventual dispersal into a new breeding territory. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 779-787. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los desplazamientos del ámbito hogareño de mamíferos subadultos previos a la dispersión natal rara vez han sido documentados. Sin embargo, los eventos que llevan a un animal subadulto a abandonar una parte de su ámbito natal, antes de buscar un sitio definitivo donde reproducirse, pueden estar relacionados con las causas de la dispersión en si. En este estudio, utilizamos una combinación de radio-telemetría manual y un Sistema de Radio-Telemetría Automatizado para estudiar de manera continua los movimientos de un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) macho subadulto, un carnívoro solitario con dispersión sesgada sexualmente, en la Isla de Barro Colorado, Panamá, durante 18 meses (mayo 2003 hasta octubre 2004). Los padres del ocelote subadulto también fueron monitoreados por radio-telemetría para registrar posibles interacciones entre padres e hijo en sus ámbitos hogareños. A la edad aproximada de 21 meses, el ocelote subadulto comenzó a desplazar gradualmente su ámbito hogareño natal, estableciendo uno nuevo que fue ocupado hasta el final del estudio, en un área que había sido ocupada previamente por otro macho subadulto en dispersión. Se registraron solamente tres interacciones entre padres e hijo en los cuatro meses del desplazamiento. La aparente naturaleza pacífica de estos encuentros, junto con el lento abandono de una parte de su ámbito hogareño natal, sugieren que el subadulto no fue expulsado de su área natal por sus padres. El momento del desplazamiento, junto con el incremento en peso del subadulto (al peso propio de un adulto) cuatro meses después de haber establecido su nuevo territorio, sugiere que los desplazamientos del ámbito hogareño previos a la dispersión natal podrían actuar como una estrategia oportunista y de bajo riesgo para alcanzar el tamaño adulto, minimizando la competencia con padres y hermanos, en preparación para una dispersión final a un nuevo territorio para reproducirse.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>predispersal</kwd>
<kwd>subadult</kwd>
<kwd>ocelot</kwd>
<kwd>Leopardus pardalis</kwd>
<kwd>home range shift</kwd>
<kwd>automated radio telemetry</kwd>
<kwd>predispersión</kwd>
<kwd>subadulto</kwd>
<kwd>ocelote</kwd>
<kwd>Leopardus pardalis</kwd>
<kwd>desplazamiento del ámbito hogareño</kwd>
<kwd>radio-telemetría automatizada</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aliaga-Rossel</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>R.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kays</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Giacalone</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) predation on agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bowler</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benton</surname>
<given-names>T.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Causes and consequences of animal dispersal strategies: relating individual behaviour to spatial dynamics</article-title>
<source>Biol. Rev</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>80</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>W.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lord</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A radio tracking system for wild animals</article-title>
<source>J. Wildlife Manage</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Croat</surname>
<given-names>T.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flora of Barro Colorado Island</article-title>
<source>Flora of Barro Colorado Island</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Stanford^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Stanford University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Crawshaw</surname>
<given-names>P.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative ecology of ocelot (Felis pardalis) and jaguar (Panthera onca) in a protected subtropical forest in Brazil and Argentina</article-title>
<source>Comparative ecology of ocelot (Felis pardalis) and jaguar (Panthera onca) in a protected subtropical forest in Brazil and Argentina</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dietrich</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Windsor</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dunne</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leigh</surname>
<given-names>E.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rand</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Windsor</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Geology, climate, and hydrology of Barro Colorado Island</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Ecology of a Tropical Forest</article-title>
<source>The Ecology of a Tropical Forest</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington, D.C </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Smithsonian Institute</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Doncaster</surname>
<given-names>C.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Macdonald</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Activity patterns and interactions of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Oxford city</article-title>
<source>J. Zool., Lond</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>241</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Emmons</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A field study of ocelots (Felis pardalis) in Peru</article-title>
<source>Rev. Ecol. Terre vie</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fairbairn</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Dispersal of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus -proximal causes and effects on fitness</article-title>
<source>Oecologia</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferreras</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Delibes</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palomares</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fedriani</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calzada</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Revilla</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)</article-title>
<source>Behav. Ecol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Greenwood</surname>
<given-names>P.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mating systems, philopatry, and dispersal in birds and mammals</article-title>
<source>Anim. Behav</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Haines</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tewes</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Laack</surname>
<given-names>L.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grant</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluating recovery strategies for an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) population in the United States</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>126</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holden</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Inching towards movement ecology</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>313</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holdridge</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Life zone ecology</article-title>
<source>Life zone ecology</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Tropical Science Center</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kays</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">My kingdom for a crown</article-title>
<source>Nat. Hist</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month>20</month>
<day>06</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kenward</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A Manual for Wildlife Radio Tagging</article-title>
<source>A Manual for Wildlife Radio Tagging</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kreeger</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Handbook of Wildlife Chemical Immobilization</article-title>
<source>Handbook of Wildlife Chemical Immobilization</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Fort Collins^eColorado </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wildlife Pharmaceuticals</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Laack</surname>
<given-names>L.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of the ocelot (Felis pardalis) in south Texas</article-title>
<source>Ecology of the ocelot (Felis pardalis) in south Texas</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Larkin</surname>
<given-names>R.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Raim</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diehl</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Performance of a Non-Rotating Direction-Finder for Automatic Radio Tracking</article-title>
<source>J. Field Ornithol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>67</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ludlow</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sunquist</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology and behavior of ocelots in Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Natl. Geogr. Res</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macdonald</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kays</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nowak</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Carnivora: the evolution, adaptive significance and conservation of their diversity</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Walkers Carnivores of the World</article-title>
<source>Walkers Carnivores of the World</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Baltimore^eMaryland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Johns Hopkins University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Maehr</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Land</surname>
<given-names>E.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shindle</surname>
<given-names>D.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bass</surname>
<given-names>O.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoctor</surname>
<given-names>T.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Florida panther dispersal and conservation</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>106</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mares</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Desplazamiento del ámbito hogareño previo a la dispersión natal del ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en la isla de Barro Colorado</article-title>
<source>Desplazamiento del ámbito hogareño previo a la dispersión natal del ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en la isla de Barro Colorado</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Tesis de LicenciaturaUniversidad of Panamá</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rogers</surname>
<given-names>L.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota</article-title>
<source>Wildlife Monogr</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roper</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ostler</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Conradt</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The process of dispersal in badgers Meles meles</article-title>
<source>Mammal Rev</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>J.L.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population</article-title>
<source>Behaviour</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>124</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sunquist</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sunquist</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wild Cats of the World</article-title>
<source>Wild Cats of the World</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eChicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Chicago</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sutherland</surname>
<given-names>G.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harestad</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Price</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lertzman</surname>
<given-names>K.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Scaling of natal dispersal distances in terrestrial birds and mammals</article-title>
<source>Conserv. Ecol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tewes</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological and behavioral correlates of ocelot spatial patterns</article-title>
<source>Ecological and behavioral correlates of ocelot spatial patterns</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gompper</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Deleon</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Are large predators keystone species in neotropical forests?: The evidence from Barro Colorado Island</article-title>
<source>Oikos</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200029</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biting Midges of the Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) argenteola group in southern South America, with description of a new species and a key to the Neotropical species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marino</surname>
<given-names>Pablo I</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Spinelli</surname>
<given-names>Gustavo R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Museo de La Plata División Entomología </institution>
<addr-line>La Plata </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>789</fpage>
<lpage>794</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A new species of the Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) argenteola group, F. (F.) donatoi, is described and illustrated from males and females collected in several localities of northern Argentina and in Paraguay. The new species is compared with the similar congeners F. (F.) marini and F. (F.) uramaensis, both from Venezuela. The following three species: Forcipomyia (F.) argenteola, F. (F.) calatheae and F. (F.) quatei are recorded for the first time from Argentina, and a key is presented for the identification of the seven Neotropical species of the group. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 789-794. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe e ilustra una especie nueva del grupo Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) argenteola, F. (F.) donatoi, sobre la base de machos y hembras capturados en diversas localidades del norte de Argentina y Paraguay. Esta especie es comparada con F. (F.) marini y F. (F.) uramaensis, ambas de Venezuela, con las cuales presenta semejanzas morfológicas. Las especies Forcipomyia (F.) argenteola, F. (F.) calatheae y F. (F.) quatei se registran por primera vez en Argentina, y se provee, además, una clave para la identificación de las siete especies Neotropicales del grupo.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Forcipomyia argenteola group</kwd>
<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd>new records</kwd>
<kwd>key</kwd>
<kwd>Neotropical region</kwd>
<kwd>grupo Forcipomyia argenteola</kwd>
<kwd>especie nueva</kwd>
<kwd>nuevos registros</kwd>
<kwd>clave</kwd>
<kwd>región Neotropical</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borkent</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spinelli</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalog of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</article-title>
<source>Contrib. Entomol. Internat</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lane</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">A biologia e taxonomia de algumas especies dos grupos Forcipomyia e Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) (Heleidae)</article-title>
<source>Arq. Fac. Hig. Saude Pub. Univ. São Paulo</source>
<year>1947</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macfie</surname>
<given-names>J.W.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A report on a collection of Brazilian Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Ent</source>
<year>1939</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Narváez</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spinelli</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mosquitas polinizadoras (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) del cacao colectadas en comunidades Piaroa en Amazonas, Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Bol. Entomol. Venez</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McAlpine</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peterson</surname>
<given-names>B.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shewell</surname>
<given-names>G.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Teskey</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vockeroth</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Manual of Nearctic Diptera: Volume 1</article-title>
<source>Manual of Nearctic Diptera: Volume 1</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc>Ottawa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Spinelli</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dippolito</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Two new Neotropical species of the Forcipomyia (F.) argenteola species group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Szadziewski</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biting midges from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon and Upper Cretaceous Siberian amber of Taimyr (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</article-title>
<source>Studia Dipterol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Winder</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Field observations on Ceratopogonidae and other Diptera: Nematocera associated with cocoa flowers in Brazil</article-title>
<source>Bull. Entomol. Res</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>67</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wirth</surname>
<given-names>W.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Heleidae of California</article-title>
<source>Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol</source>
<year>1952</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wirth</surname>
<given-names>W.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The cacao-pollinating midges of the Forcipomyia argenteola group Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</article-title>
<source>Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on the distribution and abundance of midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae and Cecidomyiidae) in some Central American cacao plantations</article-title>
<source>Brenesia</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>0</volume>
<issue>24</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200030</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Revision of the South American species of Neralsia (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) with the description of eight new species</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ros-Farré</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Biologia Departament de Biologia Animal</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Museo de La Plata División Entomología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>795</fpage>
<lpage>828</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200030&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Neralsia is a genus of Figitid hymenopterans present in both the Neartic and the Neotropical regions. In this work, material from several museums (including all types of the South American species of Neralsia) was analyzed with light and electron microscopy. The South American species are studied as a whole, reviewing 26 previously cited species and describing eight new species. A key for their identification is included and the characters to differentiate species here considered are illustrated. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 795-828. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Neralsia es un género de himenópteros de distribución americana, presente tanto en la región Neártica como en la Neotropical. En este trabajo se estudian, usando microscopia de luz y electrónica, las especies sudamericanas en su conjunto, 26 anteriormente citadas y ocho especies nuevas, que se describen aquí formalmente. Se presenta, además, una clave para su identificación; y se ilustran los caracteres que permiten definir las especies consideradas en este estudio.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Cynipoidea</kwd>
<kwd>Figitidae</kwd>
<kwd>Figitinae</kwd>
<kwd>Neralsia</kwd>
<kwd>South America</kwd>
<kwd>revision</kwd>
<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd>Cynipoidea</kwd>
<kwd>Figitidae</kwd>
<kwd>Figitinae</kwd>
<kwd>Neralsia</kwd>
<kwd>Sudamérica</kwd>
<kwd>revisión</kwd>
<kwd>nuevas especies</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ashmead</surname>
<given-names>W.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On the Cynipidous galls of Florida, with descriptions of new pecies and synopsis of described species of North America</article-title>
<source>Trans. Am. Ent. Soc</source>
<year>1887</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ashmead</surname>
<given-names>W.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera</article-title>
<source>Trans. Am. Ent. Soc</source>
<year>1896</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borgmeier</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Sobre alguns Cynipideos parasiticos e Cecidogenos do Brasil (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)</article-title>
<source>Arch. Inst. Biol. Veget. Río de Janeiro</source>
<year>1935</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cameron</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Godman</surname>
<given-names>F.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salvin</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fam. Figitidae</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biologia Centrali-Americana or Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America, vol. I (Hymenoptera)</article-title>
<source>Biologia Centrali-Americana or Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America, vol. I (Hymenoptera)</source>
<year>1883</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Taylor and Francis</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clavijo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fundamentos de manejo de plagas</article-title>
<source>Fundamentos de manejo de plagas</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Caracas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Univer. Central Venez. Consejo desarrollo Cient. Humanístico</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dettmer</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Beschreibung einiger südamerikanischer Arten der Gattung Xyalophora Kieffer. Brotéria, ser</article-title>
<source>Cienc. Nat</source>
<year>1932</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Presencia de Neralsia splendens en la República Argentina (Cyn. Figitidae)</article-title>
<source>Neotrópica</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de Neralsia splendens en la Rca. Argentina. (Hym., Cyn., Figitidae)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Soc. Entomol Argent</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sobre Cinipoideos de Brasil, parasitoides de dípteros estercoleros (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linhares</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cynipoidea parasitoids of dung-flies in Brazil: II (insecta: Hymenoptera)</article-title>
<source>An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gibson</surname>
<given-names>G.A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some pro-and mesothoracic characters important for phylogenetic analysis of Hymenoptera, with a review of terms used for structures</article-title>
<source>Can. Entom</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giraud</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Enumeration des Figitides de l’Autriche</article-title>
<source>Ver. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien</source>
<year>1860</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A glossary of surface sculpturing</article-title>
<source>Occ. Pap. Ent. Calif</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ros-Farré</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Las especies sudamericanas del género Neralsia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae): estudio del material tipo</article-title>
<source>Butll. Inst. Cat. Hist- Nat</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ros-Farré</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Resultados preliminares del estudio de las especies sudamericanas del género Neralsia Cameron (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Figitinae)</article-title>
<source>Ses. Entom. ICHN-SCL</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ros-Farré</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Descripción de ocho especies sudamericanas del género Neralsia Cameron 1883, con carena escutelar alta (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)</article-title>
<source>Nouv. Revue Ent. (N.S.)</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ros-Farré</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Descripción de nueve especies sudamericanas del género Neralsia Cameron, con carena escutelar baja (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae)</article-title>
<source>Neotrop. Entomol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kieffer</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Notes sur les Cynipides (Hymén.)</article-title>
<source>Bull. Soc. Ent. France</source>
<year>1901</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kieffer</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Description de nouveaux Cynipides zoophages (2ème partie)</article-title>
<source>Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz</source>
<year>1909</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Madrigal-Cardeño</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fundamentos de Control Biológico de Plagas</article-title>
<source>Fundamentos de Control Biológico de Plagas</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Medellín </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional de Colombia</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Penteado-Dias</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linhares</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) associados com fezes bovinas e colectados em areas de mata nativa e pastos em Goias</article-title>
<source>Arq. inst. Biol., São Paulo</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>67</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Parasitóides de estágios imaturos de dípteros sinantrópicos colectados em vários ambientes em Itumbiara-GO</article-title>
<source>Acta Scienctiarum</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vieira</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Caldas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Teixeira</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linhares</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Dipteros muscóides asociados com fezes bovinas e seus parasitóides em Giás</article-title>
<source>Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lindares</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Penteado-Dias</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Occorréncia de Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) em Itumbiara, Goiás, Brasil</article-title>
<source>Pesq. Agrop. Trop</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Penteado-Dias</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scatolini</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>N.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Fauna de Parasitóides asociados a Diptera Cyclorrhapha (Insecta)</article-title>
<source>Arq. inst. Biol. São Paulo</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>67</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marchiori</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodrigues</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Craças</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Parasitoids collected from artificial bovine dung pats exponed for different periods of time in Itumbra, Goiás, Brazil</article-title>
<source>Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciencies, Maringá</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pujade-Villar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paretas-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Description of a new species of Neralsia Cameron with a wide distribution in the American continent: N. incompleta n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae)</article-title>
<source>Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. (n.s.)</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ronquist</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nordlander</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera, Ibaliidae)</article-title>
<source>Ent. scand., Suppl</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weld</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on types (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)</article-title>
<source>Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash</source>
<year>1930</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weld</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) 1905-1950</article-title>
<source>Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) 1905-1950</source>
<year>1952</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ann. Arbor^eMichigan </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200031</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of poeciliid fish, Poeciliopsis santaelena, from Peninsula Santa Elena, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bussing</surname>
<given-names>William A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) Escuela de Biología</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>829</fpage>
<lpage>838</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>An undescribed freshwater fish was recently discovered during a biological inventory of Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. This new species of Poeciliopsis is closely related to a group of widespread species of small spotted fishes designated as the Poeciliopsis gracilis complex in this study. The complex extends on both versants from southern Mexico to Nicaragua, and with this new finding, extends into Costa Rica. The new species is distinguished from its Central American relatives by its lack of lateral and ventral markings, higher pectoral and caudal-fin counts and more posterior placement of the dorsal fin. Poeciliopsis santaelena is endemic to the Río Potrero Grande, a river whose flow is reduced to just a few pools during the long dry season and flows fully only during very rainy weather. It is just another in a growing list of threatened or endangered species found in this unique peninsular environment. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 829-838. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Recientemente se descubrió una especie no descrita de pez dulceacuícola durante un inventario biológico en Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Esta especie nueva del género Poeciliopsis tiene un parentesco cercano con un grupo de especies con puntos en los costados ampliamente distribuidas que se designan en este informe como complejo de Poeciliopsis gracilis. El complejo se extiende en ambas vertientes desde el sur de México hasta Nicaragua. La especie nueva se distingue de sus parientes centroamericanos por su falta de manchas negras laterales y ventrales, mayor número de radios pectorales y caudales, y posición más posterior de la aleta dorsal. Poeciliopsis santaelena, especie endémica de un sólo riachuelo intermitente, es una especie más in la lista de especies en peligro que se encuentra en este peculiar ambiente peninsular.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>new endemic species</kwd>
<kwd>poeciliid fish</kwd>
<kwd>Santa Elena Peninsula</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bussing</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gosline</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The sensory canals of the head in some cyprinodont fishes, with particular reference to the genus Fundulus</article-title>
<source>Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan</source>
<year>1949</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>519</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Günther</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An account of the fishes of the States of Central America, based on collections made by Capt. J.M. Dow, F. Godman, Esq. and O. Salvin, Esq</article-title>
<source>Trans Zool. Soc. London</source>
<year>1868</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Heckel</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Eine neue Gattung von Poecilien mit rochenartigen anklammerungs-Organe</article-title>
<source>Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. Cl</source>
<year>1848</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hildebrand</surname>
<given-names>S.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes of the Republic of El Salvador, Central America</article-title>
<source>Bull. Bur. Fisheries</source>
<year>1925</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hubbs</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lagler</surname>
<given-names>K.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes of the Great Lakes region</article-title>
<source>Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci</source>
<year>1958</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Janzen</surname>
<given-names>D. H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Conservation analysis of the Santa Elena property, Peninsula Santa Elena, northwestern Costa Rica: Report to the Government of Costa Rica, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, ACG, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Conservation analysis of the Santa Elena property, Peninsula Santa Elena, northwestern Costa Rica: Report to the Government of Costa Rica, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, ACG, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A biogeographic analysis of the freshwater fishes of Honduras</article-title>
<source>A biogeographic analysis of the freshwater fishes of Honduras</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meek</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A contribution to the ichthyology of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Field Colombian Mus., Zool. Ser</source>
<year>1902</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meek</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The freshwater fishes of Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec</article-title>
<source>Field Colombian Mus., Zool. Ser</source>
<year>1904</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Five new species of Mexican poeciliid fishes of the genera Poecilia, Gambusia, and Poeciliopsis</article-title>
<source>Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>672</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Freshwater fishes of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Freshwater fishes of Mexico</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Chicago^eIllinois </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Chicago</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosen</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bailey</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The poeciliid fishes (Cyprinodontiformes), their structure, zoogeography and systematics</article-title>
<source>Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>126</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200032</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Resurrection of the name Albula pacifica (Beebe, 1942) for the shafted bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pfeiler</surname>
<given-names>Edward</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>839</fpage>
<lpage>844</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200032&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The name Albula nemoptera (Fowler, 1911) is currently applied to the Shafted, or Threadfin, Bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) inhabiting the tropical coastal waters of both the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. In the present paper I provide a brief review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of A. nemoptera, and argue that the available morphological, biogeographical and molecular evidence supports resurrecting the name A. pacifica (Beebe, 1942) for the population of A. nemoptera from the eastern Pacific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 839-844. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El nombre Albula nemoptera (Fowler, 1911) se aplica actualmente a las poblaciones del macabí de hebra (Albuliformes: Albulidae) de las aguas costeras tropicales del Atlántico Occidental y el Pacifico Oriental. En este artículo se presenta una revisión breve de la taxonomía y nomenclatura de A. nemoptera, y se sugiere que la evidencia morfológica, biogeográfica y molecular apoya el reestablecimiento del nombre A. pacifica (Beebe, 1942) para la población de A. nemoptera del Pacifico Oriental.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>cryptic species</kwd>
<kwd>Elopomorpha</kwd>
<kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd>
<kwd>molecular systematics</kwd>
<kwd>speciation</kwd>
<kwd>ADN mitocondrial</kwd>
<kwd>Elopomorpha</kwd>
<kwd>especiación</kwd>
<kwd>especies crípticas</kwd>
<kwd>sistemática molecular</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>G. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>D. R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific</article-title>
<source>Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Honolulu^eHawaii </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Hawaii Press</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Balart</surname>
<given-names>E.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aurioles-Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villavicencio-Garayzar</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Adiciones a la ictiofauna de Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México</article-title>
<source>Hidrobiológica</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Banford</surname>
<given-names>H. M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bermingham</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Collette</surname>
<given-names>B. B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of transisthmian and amphi-Atlantic needlefishes (Belonidae: Strongylura and Tylosurus): perspectives on New World marine speciation</article-title>
<source>Mol. Phylogenet. Evol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beebe</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society: XXX. Atlantic and Pacific fishes of the genus Dixonina</article-title>
<source>Zoologica</source>
<year>1942</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bermingham</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McCafferty</surname>
<given-names>S. S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>A. P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kocher</surname>
<given-names>T. D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stepien</surname>
<given-names>C. A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish biogeography and molecular clocks: perspectives from the Panamanian Isthmus</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular Systematics of Fishes</article-title>
<source>Molecular Systematics of Fishes</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Diego^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Berry</surname>
<given-names>F. H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Review and emendation of: family Clupeidae</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1964</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bowen</surname>
<given-names>B.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Karl</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pfeiler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ault</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Resolving evolutionary lineages and taxonomy of bonefishes (Albula spp.)</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries</article-title>
<source>Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boca Raton^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CRC</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bussing</surname>
<given-names>W.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López S</surname>
<given-names>M.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Demersal and pelagic inshore fishes of the Pacific coast of lower Central America</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop. Special Publication</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa Perez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmitter-Soto</surname>
<given-names>J. J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México</article-title>
<source>Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico DF </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Limusa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coates</surname>
<given-names>A.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jackson</surname>
<given-names>J.B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cronin</surname>
<given-names>T.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dowsett</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bybell</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Obando</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Closure of the Isthmus of Panama: the nearshore marine record of Costa Rica and western Panama</article-title>
<source>Geol. Soc. Am. Bull</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>104</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Colborn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crabtree</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shaklee</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pfeiler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bowen</surname>
<given-names>B.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The evolutionary enigma of bonefishes (Albula spp.): cryptic species and ancient separations in a globally distributed shorefish</article-title>
<source>Evolution</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fowler</surname>
<given-names>H.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new albuloid fish from Santo Domingo</article-title>
<source>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia</source>
<year>1911</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>62</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frizzell</surname>
<given-names>D.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Otolith-based genera and lineages of fossil bonefishes (Clupeiformes, Albulidae)</article-title>
<source>Senckenbergiana Lethaea</source>
<year>1965</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46a</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hidaka</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Iwatsuki</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of the Indo-Pacific bonefishes of the Albula argentea complex, with a description of a new species</article-title>
<source>Ichthyol. Res</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hildebrand</surname>
<given-names>S.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bigelow</surname>
<given-names>H.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Family Albulidae</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 3: Sears Foundation for Marine Research (Memoir No. I)</article-title>
<source>Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 3: Sears Foundation for Marine Research (Memoir No. I)</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>New Haven^eConnecticut </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johns</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Avise</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative summary of genetic distances in the vertebrates from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene</article-title>
<source>Mol. Biol. Evol</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kimura</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences</article-title>
<source>J. Mol. Evol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Knowlton</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weigt</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Solórzano</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>D.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bermingham</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Divergence in proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and reproductive compatibility across the Isthmus of Panama</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>260</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kumada</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hiyama</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Marine Fishes of the Pacific Coast of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Marine Fishes of the Pacific Coast of Mexico</source>
<year>1937</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Odawara </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Nissan Fish. Inst</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Loebmann</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vieira</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Composição e abundância dos peixes do Parque Nacional de Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e comentários sobre a fauna acompanhante de crustáceos decápodos</article-title>
<source>Rev. Atlântica</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopes</surname>
<given-names>P.R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sampaio</surname>
<given-names>C.L.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Ocorrência de Albula nemoptera (Fowler, 1910) (Actinopterygii: Albulidae) no litoral do estado da Bahia, Brasil (Oceano Atlântico Ocidental)</article-title>
<source>Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marko</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fossil calibration of molecular clocks and the divergence times of geminate species pairs separated by the Isthmus of Panama</article-title>
<source>Mol. Biol. Evol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mead</surname>
<given-names>G.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A catalog of the type specimens of fishes formerly in the collections of the Department of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society</article-title>
<source>Zoologica</source>
<year>1958</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Metzelaar</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Report on the Fishes Collected by Dr. J. Boeke in the Dutch West Indies 1904-1905, with Comparative Notes on Marine Fishes of Tropical West Africa</article-title>
<source>Report on the Fishes Collected by Dr. J. Boeke in the Dutch West Indies 1904-1905, with Comparative Notes on Marine Fishes of Tropical West Africa</source>
<year>1919</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Amsterdam </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>A. Asher</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A third record of the albulid fish Dixonina nemoptera Fowler, with notes on an albulid from the Eocene of Maryland</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1936</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1936</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crossman</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Findley</surname>
<given-names>L.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gilbert</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lea</surname>
<given-names>R.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico</article-title>
<source>Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<edition>6</edition>
<publisher-loc>Bethesda^eMaryland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pfeiler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Colborn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Douglas</surname>
<given-names>M. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Douglas</surname>
<given-names>M. E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Systematic status of bonefishes (Albula spp.) from the eastern Pacific Ocean inferred from analyses of allozymes and mitochondrial DNA</article-title>
<source>Env. Biol. Fish</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>63</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pfeiler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bitler</surname>
<given-names>B.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ulloa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic relationships of the Shafted Bonefish Albula nemoptera (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific based on cytochrome b sequence analyses</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2006</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quattro</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chase</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rex</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Greig</surname>
<given-names>T.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Etter</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Extreme mitochondrial DNA divergence within populations of the deep-sea gastropod Frigidoalvania brychia</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>139</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quattro</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stoner</surname>
<given-names>D.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Driggers</surname>
<given-names>W.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Anderson</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Priede</surname>
<given-names>K.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoppmann</surname>
<given-names>E.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>N.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Duncan</surname>
<given-names>K.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Grady</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic evidence of cryptic speciation within hammerhead sharks (Genus Sphyrna)</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>148</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivas</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Warlen</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Systematics and biology of the bonefish, Albula nemoptera (Fowler)</article-title>
<source>Fish. Bull</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>G.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System</article-title>
<source>Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Balboa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rocha-Olivares</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosenblatt</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vetter</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cryptic species of rockfishes (Sebastes: Scorpaenidae) in the southern hemisphere inferred from mitochondrial lineages</article-title>
<source>J. Hered</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>90</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shaklee</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tamaru</surname>
<given-names>C.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biochemical and morphological evolution of Hawaiian bonefishes (Albula)</article-title>
<source>Syst. Zool</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>van der Heiden</surname>
<given-names>A.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Findley</surname>
<given-names>L.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México</article-title>
<source>Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1988</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Walford</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">&quot;Marine fishes of the Pacific coast of Mexico&quot;, by Kumada and Hiyama [review]</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1939</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1939</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wiens</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Penkrot</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Delimiting species using DNA and morphological variation and discordant species limits in spiny lizards (Sceloporus)</article-title>
<source>Syst. Biol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of Celestus from west-central Panama, with consideration of the status of the genera of the Anguidae: Diploglossinae (Squamata)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>Jay M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>Karen R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ibáñez D</surname>
<given-names>Roberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,San Diego State University Department of Biology </institution>
<addr-line>San Diego CA</addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Southern Illinois University Department of Zoology </institution>
<addr-line>Carbondale IL</addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Panamá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>845</fpage>
<lpage>859</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A recently discovered new species of diploglossine lizard is described from west-central Panama. The distinctiveness of the nominal genera Celestus and Diploglossus is confirmed; the new form represents the southernmost record for the genus Celestus. A summary of selected characteristics and general distribution is presented for all recent species of diploglossines, including members of the Antillean genera Saurisia and Wetmorea and the South American genus Ophiodes. A systematic key to mainland members of the genus Celestus is provided. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 845-859. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se describe una especie nueva de lagarto diploglossino recientemente descubierta en el centro-oeste de Panamá. Confirmamos la peculiaridad de los géneros nominales Celestus y Diploglossus. La nueva especie representa el registro más al sur del género Celestus. Se presenta un resumen de características selectas y de la distribución general de todas las especies recientes de diploglossinos, incluyendo a los miembros de los géneros antillanos Saurisia y Wetmorea y del género suramericano Ophiodes. Se provee una clave sistemática para los miembros de tierra firme del género Celestus.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Anguids</kwd>
<kwd>Squamata</kwd>
<kwd>Anguidae</kwd>
<kwd>Caribbean</kwd>
<kwd>Central America</kwd>
<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd>Panama</kwd>
<kwd>Anguidos</kwd>
<kwd>Squamata</kwd>
<kwd>Anguidae</kwd>
<kwd>Caribe</kwd>
<kwd>América Central</kwd>
<kwd>especie nueva</kwd>
<kwd>Panamá</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Avila-Pires</surname>
<given-names>T.C.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata)</article-title>
<source>Zool. Verhandl. Rijksmus. Natur. Hist. Leiden</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>299</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barbour</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Notes on the herpetology of Jamaica</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool</source>
<year>1910</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barbour</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shreve</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Novitates Cubanae</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool</source>
<year>1937</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>80</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boulenger</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History)</article-title>
<source>Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History)</source>
<year>1885</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>British Museum (Natural History), Taylor and Francis</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burt</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Burt</surname>
<given-names>M.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History</article-title>
<source>Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist</source>
<year>1932</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frost</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key</article-title>
<source>Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>216</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Camarillo</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new lizard of the genus Diploglossus (Anguidae: Diploglossinae) from Mexico, with a review of the Mexican and northern Central American species</article-title>
<source>Herpetologica</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cochran</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The herpetology of Hispaniola</article-title>
<source>Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus</source>
<year>1941</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>117</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cope</surname>
<given-names>E.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An examination of the reptilia and batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species</article-title>
<source>Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil</source>
<year>1868</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>20</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Corn</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ecological separation of Anolis lizards in a Costa Rica rain forest</article-title>
<source>Ecological separation of Anolis lizards in a Costa Rica rain forest</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dunn</surname>
<given-names>E.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The lizards of Malpelo Island, Colombia</article-title>
<source>Notulae Naturae, Phil. Acad. Natl. Sci</source>
<year>1939</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Good</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic relationships among gerrhonotine lizards: A. Analysis of external morphology</article-title>
<source>Univ. Cal. Pubs. Zool</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>121</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gray</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A catalogue of the slender-tongued saurians, with descriptions of many new genera and species</article-title>
<source>Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser</source>
<year>1839</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gray</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum</article-title>
<source>Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum</source>
<year>1845</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>British Museum</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hallermann</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bohme</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On the taxonomic status of the giant galliwasps from Hispaniola (Anguidae: Celestus warreni group)</article-title>
<source>Biota</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hass</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maxson</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hedges</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Woods</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sergile</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Relationships and divergence times of West Indian amphibians and reptiles: insights from albumin immunology</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biogeography of the West Indies: patterns and perspectives</article-title>
<source>Biogeography of the West Indies: patterns and perspectives</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Boca Raton^eFlorida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CRC</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hedges</surname>
<given-names>S.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hass</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maxon</surname>
<given-names>L.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Caribbean biogeography: molecular evidence for dispersal in West Indian terrestrial vertebrates</article-title>
<source>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hedges</surname>
<given-names>B.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Powell</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The origin of West Indian amphibians and reptiles</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Contributions to West Indian herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz</article-title>
<source>Contributions to West Indian herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ithaca^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Soc. Stud. Amphib. Rept</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Incháutegui</surname>
<given-names>S.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hispaniolan giant Diploglossus (Sauria, Anguidae): description of a new species and notes on the ecology of D. warreni</article-title>
<source>Amphibia-Reptilia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leviton</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gibbs Jr</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heal</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>C.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1985</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macey</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schultze</surname>
<given-names>J.A.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Larson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tuniyev</surname>
<given-names>B.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Orlov</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Papenfuss</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular phylogenetics, tRNA evolution, and historical biogeography in anguid lizards and related taxonomic families</article-title>
<source>Molec. Phylog. Evol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McCranie</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>L.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new arboreal lizard of the genus Celestus (Squamata: Anguidae) from northern Honduras</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>L.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A distributional checklist of the turtles, crocodilians, and lizards of Honduras</article-title>
<source>Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. L.A. Co</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>244</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>C.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anguid lizards of the genus Diploglossus in Panama, with the description of a new species</article-title>
<source>Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Novit</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2523</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Donoso-Barros</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. lizards and amphisbaenians</article-title>
<source>Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>297</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Powell</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Herpetology of Navassa Island, West Indies</article-title>
<source>Carib. J. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Powell</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The taxonomic and conservation status of giant Hispaniolan Celestus (Anguidae)</article-title>
<source>Carib. J. Sci</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Savage</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lips</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of the status and biogeography of the lizard genera Celestus and Diploglossus (Squamata: Anguidae), with description of two new species from Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diploglossus costatus Cope (Sauria, Anguidae) and its relatives in Hispaniola</article-title>
<source>Sci. Pubs. Read. Publ. Mus. Art Gall</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Graham, Jr</surname>
<given-names>E.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Duval</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new species of Diploglossus (Sauria: Anguidae) from Hispaniola</article-title>
<source>Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">General Zoology or Systematic Natural History</article-title>
<source>General Zoology or Systematic Natural History</source>
<year>1802</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Thomas Davison</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mexican herpetology miscellany</article-title>
<source>Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus</source>
<year>1942</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stejneger</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The herpetology of Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source>Ann. Rept. U.S. Nat. Hist. Mus</source>
<year>1904</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1904</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Strahm</surname>
<given-names>M.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Osteoderms in the anguid lizard subfamily Diploglossinae and their taxonomic importance</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stuart</surname>
<given-names>L.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala</article-title>
<source>Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>122</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>E.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of the lizards of Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull</source>
<year>1956</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hedges</surname>
<given-names>S.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new anguid lizard (Diploglossus) from Cuba</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1998</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Underwood</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new Jamaican galliwasp (Sauria, Anguidae)</article-title>
<source>Mus. Comp. Zool. Breviora</source>
<year>1959</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>102</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vaughan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Celestus cyanochloris (NCN): Arboreal behavior</article-title>
<source>Herp. Rev</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Werler</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New lizard of the genus Diploglossus (Anguidae: Diploglossinae) from the Tuxtlan faunal region Veracruz, Mexico</article-title>
<source>SW Nat</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>49</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wiegmann</surname>
<given-names>A.F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Herpetologia Mexicana seu Descriptio Amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae</article-title>
<source>Herpetologia Mexicana seu Descriptio Amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae</source>
<year>1834</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lüderitz^eBerlin </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Pars Prima Saurorum Species</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>L.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Porras</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McCranie</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distributional and taxonomic comments on some members of the Honduran herpetofauna</article-title>
<source>Contribs. Biol. Geol. Milwaukee Publ. Mus</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200034</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ontogenetic and seasonal shifts in the diet of the pemecou sea catfish Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes: Ariidae), from a macrotidal mangrove creek in the Curuçá estuary, Northern Brazil</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giarrizzo</surname>
<given-names>Tommaso</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saint-Paul</surname>
<given-names>Ulrich</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira -Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT)  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>861</fpage>
<lpage>873</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The feeding ecology of pemecou sea catfish (Sciades herzbergii) was studied bimonthly from September 2003 to July 2004 in a macrotidal mangrove creek at Curuçá estuary, Brazil. Feeding activity and relative importance of prey groups were assessed in 528 and 226 specimens (6.2 to 36.0 cm total length), respectively, using stomach contents. A total of 1 820 specimens were caught. The fish left the creek with an average of 2.2 % of their body weight in prey. Feeding activity was lower in the dry season (September and November 2003) than in the rainy season (January to May 2004). The diet was dominated by Ocypodidae and Grapsidae. Feeding strategies of the pemecou sea catfish indicated a slight variation between the diets of adults and juveniles; however; the main factor leading to diversification in the diet were the seasons. Opportunistic feeding behavior was observed in the dry season, shifting to more specialized feeding in the wet season. This temporal diet shift may be explained by the environmental seasonal variations (e.g. transparency of the water, high water level) in the intertidal mangrove creek habitat. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 861-873. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Estudiamos la ecología trófica del bagre guatero Sciades herzbergii, con periodicidad bimestral, desde septiembre de 2003 a julio de 2004, en un canal de marea del estuario del río Curuçá, norte de Brasil. Del total de 1820 ejemplares capturados, analizamos la actividad alimentaría y la importancia de las diferentes fuentes de alimento por evaluación de los contenidos estomacales de 528 y 226 ejemplares (longitud corporal 6,2 a 36,0 cm), respectivamente. S. herzbergii sale del canal de marea con un valor promedio de 2,2 % de su peso corporal como alimento. El ritmo alimentario fue menor durante el período seco (septiembre a noviembre de 2003) que en el lluvioso (enero a mayo de 2004). Los análisis de los contenidos estomacales de 226 ejemplares indicaron una dieta con predominio de Ocypodidae y Grapsidae. Las estrategias alimentarías de S. herzbergii mostraron pequeñas diferencias entre las dietas de los adultos y de los jóvenes, pero la variación estacional fue el factor que mejor definió la diversificación de la dieta. En el período seco hubo un comportamiento oportunista en la alimentación, cambiando a una dieta mas especializada durante el período lluvioso. Esta variación temporal en la dieta corresponde con la variación estacional en los hábitats del canal de marea.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Sciades herzbergii</kwd>
<kwd>feeding strategy</kwd>
<kwd>Ariidae</kwd>
<kwd>mangrove</kwd>
<kwd>stomach contents</kwd>
<kwd>Ocypodidae</kwd>
<kwd>Grapsidae</kwd>
<kwd>Sciades herzbergii</kwd>
<kwd>estrategia alimentaria</kwd>
<kwd>Ariidae</kwd>
<kwd>manglar</kwd>
<kwd>contenidos estomacales</kwd>
<kwd>Ocypodidae</kwd>
<kwd>Grapsidae</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acero</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Betancur</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Monophyly, affinities, and subfamilial clades of sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae)</article-title>
<source>Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boltovskoy</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">South Atlantic zooplankton</article-title>
<source>South Atlantic zooplankton</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Leiden </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Backhuys</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chacon</surname>
<given-names>J.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>M.I.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Mesquita</surname>
<given-names>M.S.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Alguns aspectos da reprodução do bagre branco, Selenapsis herzbergii (Bloch 1794), Pisces: Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Ariidae</article-title>
<source>Bol. Tec. DNOCS</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clarke</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Statistical design and analysis for a &quot;biological effects&quot; study</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clarke</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Warwick</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation</article-title>
<source>Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Plymouth </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Plymouth Marine Laboratory</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clough</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mangrove forest productivity and biomass accumulation in Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia</article-title>
<source>Mangr. Salt Marsh</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Colombini</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berti</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nocita</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chelazzi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Foraging strategy of the mudskipper Periophthalmus sobrinus Eggert in a Kenyan mangrove</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>197</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Conand</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Camara</surname>
<given-names>S.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Domain</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age and growth of three species of Ariidae (Siluriformes) in coastal waters of Guinea</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Costello</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Predator feeding strategy and prey importance: a new graphical analysis</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cyrus</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blaber</surname>
<given-names>S.J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of turbidity on juvenile marine fishes in estuaries: Part 1. Field studies at Lake St Lucia on the south eastern coast of Africa</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>109</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Darracott</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Availability, morphometrics, feeding and breeding activity in a multi-species, demersal fish stock of the Western indian Ocean</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Amundsen</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gabler</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Staldvik</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A new approach to graphical analysis of feeding strategy from stomach contents data modification of the Costello (1990) method</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barletta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barletta-Bergan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saint-Paul</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hubold</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Seasonal changes in density, biomass, and diversity of estuarine fishes in tidal mangrove creeks of the lower Caeté Estuary (northern Brazilian coast, east Amazon)</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>256</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bolger</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Connolly</surname>
<given-names>P.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The selection of suitable indices for the measurement and analysis of fish condition</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dittmar</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lara</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Driving forces behind nutrient and organic matter dynamics in a mangrove tidal creek in North Brazil</article-title>
<source>Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giarrizzo</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krumme</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spatial differences and seasonal cyclicity in the intertidal fish fauna from four mangrove creeks in a salinity zone of the Curuçá estuary, North Brazil</article-title>
<source>Bull. Mar. Sci</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>80</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giarrizzo</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krumme</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temporal patterns in recruitment of selected tropical teleosts to mangrove creeks: implication for the fisheries management in North Brazil</article-title>
<source>Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hacunda</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trophic relationships among demersal fishes in a coastal area of the Gulf of Mexico</article-title>
<source>Fish. Bull</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>79</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>A.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rose</surname>
<given-names>C.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Shrimps predation by the sea catfish Galeichthys felis</article-title>
<source>Trans. Am. Fish. Soc</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>97</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hynes</surname>
<given-names>H.B.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food of freshwater sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius) with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes</article-title>
<source>J. Anim. Ecol</source>
<year>1950</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Koch</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Epibenthic production and energy flow in the Caeté mangrove estuary, North Brazil</article-title>
<source>Epibenthic production and energy flow in the Caeté mangrove estuary, North Brazil</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krumme</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saint-Paul</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tidal and diel changes in the structure of a nekton assemblage in small intertidal creeks in northern Brazil</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Living Resour</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Laegdsgaard</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mangrove habitats as nurseries: unique assemblages of juvenile fish in subtropical mangroves in eastern Australia</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>126</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Le Bail</surname>
<given-names>P.Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Keith</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Planquette</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Atlas des poissons d´eau douce de Guyane (Tome 2, fascicule 2)</article-title>
<source>Atlas des poissons d´eau douce de Guyane (Tome 2, fascicule 2)</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Paris </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>MNHN/SPN</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marshall</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Elliott</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A comparison of univariate and multivariate numerical and graphical techniques for determining inter- and intraspecific feeding relationships in estuarine fish</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>G.A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Manual de identificação dos brachyura (caranguejos e siris) do litoral brasileiro</article-title>
<source>Manual de identificação dos brachyura (caranguejos e siris) do litoral brasileiro</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>São Paulo^eSP </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Plêiade</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>G.A.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Manual de identificação dos crustacea decapoda do litoral brasileiro: Anomura, Thalassinidea, Palinuridea e Astacidea</article-title>
<source>Manual de identificação dos crustacea decapoda do litoral brasileiro: Anomura, Thalassinidea, Palinuridea e Astacidea</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>São Paulo^eSP </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Plêiade</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Murie</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative feeding ecology of two sympatric rockfish congeners, Sebastes caurinus (copper rockfish) and S. maliger (quillback rockfish)</article-title>
<source>Mar. Biol</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>124</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>A.M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Composição e distribuição da ictiofauna nas águas estuarinas do rio Jaguaribe (Ceara -Brazil)</article-title>
<source>Arqu. Cienc. Mar</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pinkas</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olipham</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Iversor</surname>
<given-names>I.L.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito in Californian waters</article-title>
<source>Fish. Bull</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>152</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Platell</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Potter</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Partitioning of food resources amongst 18 abundant benthic carnivorous fish species in marine waters on the lower west coast of Australia</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>261</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Robertson</surname>
<given-names>A.I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Trophic interactions between the fish fauna and macrobenthos of an eelgrass community in Western Port, Victoria</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Bot</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rohlf</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biometry</article-title>
<source>Biometry</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Freeman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thayer</surname>
<given-names>G.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Colby</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hettler</surname>
<given-names>W.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Utilization of the red mangrove prop root habitat by fishes in south Florida</article-title>
<source>Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tobor</surname>
<given-names>J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The trawl fishery of the sea catfish in the Nigerian coastal waters and observations on the fecundity, food and feeding habits of one of the commercially important species, Arks gambiensis (Bowdich, 1825)</article-title>
<source>Bull. inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire Ser. A Sci. Nat</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vasudevappa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>James</surname>
<given-names>P.S.B.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Maturity and spawning of the marine catfish, Tachysuncs dussumieri (Valenciennes), along the South Kanara coast</article-title>
<source>Proc. indian Natl. Sci. Acad</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">World Wide Web Electronic Data</article-title>
<source>World Wide Web Electronic Data</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Froese</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source></source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200035</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age and growth of the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from a tropical shallow lake in Mexico</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>José Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peña-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>Bertha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>Isaías H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arredondo-Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>José Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,U.N.A.M F.E.S. Zaragoza Laboratorio de Limnología</institution>
<addr-line>México D.F </addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa CBS Departamento de Hidrobiología</institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>875</fpage>
<lpage>884</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Age and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were determined using 1 039 specimens collected in a tropical shallow lake of Mexico, from January to December 1993. Standard length of females ranged from 9.0 to 16.5 cm and males from 8.9 to 14.8 cm. The standard length-weight relationships for all individuals was BW=0.1207 SL2.469. The age data, derived from opercular bone readings, were used to estimate the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation: &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;/img/revistas/rbt/v56n2/l.jpg&quot; WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=21 &gt; or = 17.88 cm, K=0.3409, t o=-1.543, and W=149.21 g. The oldest male and female were 2.5 years old. The sex ratio (female:male) was of 1:1 (X²=0.02, p&gt;0.05). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 875-884. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se determinó la edad y el crecimiento de la tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) utilizando 1 039 organismos que fueron recolectados de Enero a Diciembre de 1993 en un lago somero tropical de México. La talla para las hembras osciló entre 9.0 y 16.5 cm longitud patrón y para los machos entre 8.9 y 14.8 cm. La relación peso total-longitud patrón para toda la población fue P=0.1207 L2.469. Los datos de edad obtenidos a través de los anillos del hueso opercular se utilizaron para estimar los parámetros de crecimiento del modelo de von Bertalanffy: &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;/img/revistas/rbt/v56n2/l.jpg&quot; WIDTH=31 HEIGHT=16 &gt; o = 17.88 cm, K=0.3409, t o=-1.543 y P&lt;IMG SRC=&quot;/img/revistas/rbt/v56n2/INFINITO.JPG&quot; WIDTH=25 HEIGHT=14 &gt; o = 149.21 g. La edad máxima obtenida para hembras y machos fue de 2.5 año. La proporción sexual (hembra:macho) para la especie fue de 1:1 (X²=0.02, p&gt;0.05)</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Oreochromis niloticus</kwd>
<kwd>age</kwd>
<kwd>growth</kwd>
<kwd>opercular bone</kwd>
<kwd>sex ratio</kwd>
<kwd>Mexico</kwd>
<kwd>Oreochromis niloticus</kwd>
<kwd>edad</kwd>
<kwd>crecimiento</kwd>
<kwd>hueso opercular</kwd>
<kwd>proporción sexual</kwd>
<kwd>México</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alejo</surname>
<given-names>P.M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Laguna</surname>
<given-names>M.E.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>P.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio de algunos aspectos Biológicos de Oreochromis mossambicus (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) en la Laguna &quot;El Rodeo&quot;, Estado de Morelos</article-title>
<source>Estudio de algunos aspectos Biológicos de Oreochromis mossambicus (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) en la Laguna &quot;El Rodeo&quot;, Estado de Morelos</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Síntesis Geográfica de Morelos</article-title>
<source>Síntesis Geográfica de Morelos</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Coordinación General de los Servicios Nacionales de Estadística, Geografía e Informática</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anuario Estadístico del Estado de Morelos</article-title>
<source>Anuario Estadístico del Estado de Morelos</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Aguascalientes </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anuario Estadístico de Pesca (2000)</article-title>
<source>Anuario Estadístico de Pesca (2000)</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Dirección General de Informática, Estadística y Documentación. Secretaría de Pesca</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arredondo-Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guzmán-Arroyo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Actual situación taxonómica de las especies de la Tribu Tilapiini (Pisces: Cichlidae) introducidas en México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Biól. UNAM 56, Ser. Zool</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arredondo-Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tejeda-Salinas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El hueso faríngeo, una estructura útil para la identificación de especies de la tribu Tilapiini (Pisces: Cichlidae) introducidas en México</article-title>
<source>An. Inst. Cienc. del Mar y Limnol. UNAM</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Babiker</surname>
<given-names>M.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ibrahim</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the biology of reproduction in the cichlid Tilapia nilotica (L): Gonadal maturation and fecundity</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>B.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The use of opercular bones in the study of age and growth in Labeo senegalensis from Lake Kainji, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blake</surname>
<given-names>B.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age determination in six species of fish in a Mexican Pacific coastal lagoon</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Booth</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Merron</surname>
<given-names>G.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The age and growth of the greenhead tilapia Oreochromis macrochir (Pisces:Cichlidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>321</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fagade</surname>
<given-names>S.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bagenal</surname>
<given-names>T.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age determination in Tilapia melanotheron (Ruppell) in the Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria: with a discussion on the environmental and physiological basis of growth markings in the tropics</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Ageing of Fish</article-title>
<source>The Ageing of Fish</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Surrey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Old Woking</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fawole</surname>
<given-names>O.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arawomo</surname>
<given-names>G.A.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fecundity of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in the Opa reservoir, Ile-Ife, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flores</surname>
<given-names>M.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crecimiento de Oreochromis niloticus en estanques con diferente fertilización, en un clima templado</article-title>
<source>Crecimiento de Oreochromis niloticus en estanques con diferente fertilización, en un clima templado</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fryer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Iles</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa: Their Biology and Evolution</article-title>
<source>The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa: Their Biology and Evolution</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Edinburgh </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oliver &amp; Boyd</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gayanilo</surname>
<given-names>F.C. Jr</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sparre</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The FAOICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FISAT) User’s Guide</article-title>
<source>The FAOICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FISAT) User’s Guide</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Roma </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FAO. Computerized Information Series (Fisheries)</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garrod</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The growth of Tilapia esculenta Graham in Lake Victoria</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1959</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Göçer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ekingen</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparisons of various bony structures for the age determination of Liza ramada (Risso, 1826) population from the Mersin Bay</article-title>
<source>J. Fish. Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age and growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Mexico</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio limnológico-pesquero del lago de Coatetelco, Morelos, México</article-title>
<source>Estudio limnológico-pesquero del lago de Coatetelco, Morelos, México</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peña-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Guzmán-Arroyo</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reproductive aspects of Oreochromis nilotiucs (Perciformes:Cichlidae) at Coatetelco lake, Morelos, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Granados</surname>
<given-names>R.J.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El comportamiento del zooplancton en tres ambientes acuáticos epicontinentales del estado de Morelos, México</article-title>
<source>El comportamiento del zooplancton en tres ambientes acuáticos epicontinentales del estado de Morelos, México</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guerra</surname>
<given-names>H.E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peña</surname>
<given-names>M.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio del crecimiento de Oreochromis hornorum (Trewavas, 1980) en relación a las condiciones limnológicas del embalse permanente de Michapa, Edo. de Morelos</article-title>
<source>Estudio del crecimiento de Oreochromis hornorum (Trewavas, 1980) en relación a las condiciones limnológicas del embalse permanente de Michapa, Edo. de Morelos</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>U.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Parámetros biológicos de tilapia (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner, 1864) de la presa Adolfo López Mateos &quot;El Infiernillo&quot;, Michoacán-Guerrero, México</article-title>
<source>Parámetros biológicos de tilapia (Oreochromis aureus Steindachner, 1864) de la presa Adolfo López Mateos &quot;El Infiernillo&quot;, Michoacán-Guerrero, México</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jellyman</surname>
<given-names>D.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age, growth, and reproduction of perch, Perca fluviatilis L. in Lake Pounui</article-title>
<source>New Zeal. J. Mar. Freshw. Res</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez-Badillo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age-growth models for tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Perciformes, Cichlidae) of the Infiernillo reservoir, Mexico and reproductive behaviour</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Louberis</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Panfili</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age determination of Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei, Prochilodidae) in Beni (Bolivia): setting of a procedure and application</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Living Resour</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La tilapia en México</article-title>
<source>La tilapia en México</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>A.G.T</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nikolsky</surname>
<given-names>D.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Ecology of Fishes</article-title>
<source>The Ecology of Fishes</source>
<year>1963</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oduleye</surname>
<given-names>S.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and growth regulation in the Cichlids</article-title>
<source>Aquaculture</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: A manual for use with programmable calculators</article-title>
<source>Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: A manual for use with programmable calculators</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Manila </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Collinson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A comparison of the biological characteristics of Sarotherodon niloticus (L.) with those of S. aureus (Steindachner) and other tilapia of the delta and lower Nile</article-title>
<source>Aquaculture</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Peterson</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nicholson</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Snyder</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fulling</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth, spawning, preparedness, and diet of Cycleptus meridionalis (Catostomidae)</article-title>
<source>Trans. Am. Fish. Soc</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>128</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quinton</surname>
<given-names>E.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kris</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Willis</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Precision of five structures for estimating age of common carp</article-title>
<source>North Am. J. Fish. Manag</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricker</surname>
<given-names>E.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations</article-title>
<source>Bull. Fish. Res. Board. Can</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>191</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salgado-Ugarte</surname>
<given-names>I.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Márquez</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peña-Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some programs for growth estimation in fisheries biology</article-title>
<source>Stata Tech. Bull</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>53</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sipe</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chittenden Jr</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A comparison of calcified structures for aging summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus</article-title>
<source>Fish. Bull</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>99</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sparre</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Venema</surname>
<given-names>S.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la evaluación de recursos pesqueros tropicales: Parte I. Manual. FAO, Documento Técnico de Pesca, No. 306.1 Rev. 2</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la evaluación de recursos pesqueros tropicales: Parte I. Manual. FAO, Documento Técnico de Pesca, No. 306.1 Rev. 2</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0</article-title>
<source>Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eTexas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University Drive East, College Station</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Steel</surname>
<given-names>D.G.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torrie</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A biometrical approach</article-title>
<source>Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A biometrical approach</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw-Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sugunan</surname>
<given-names>V.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fisheries management of small water bodies in seven countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America</article-title>
<source>Fisheries management of small water bodies in seven countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FAO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>C.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temperature, growth and mortality: The Pacific Cockle</article-title>
<source>J. du Conseil</source>
<year>1960</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yamaguchi</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hirayama</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koike</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Adam</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Age determination and growth of Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus in High Dam Lake, Egypt</article-title>
<source>Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>56</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200036</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Histología y morfometría de piel del pez Eremophilus mutisii (Trychomecteridae, Siluriformes)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonilla Lizarazo</surname>
<given-names>Rocío Johanna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quintero Virguez</surname>
<given-names>Marllury</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez Ramírez</surname>
<given-names>Edwin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez Caicedo</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hurtado Giraldo</surname>
<given-names>Hernán</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Facultad de Ciencias Programa de Biología Aplicada</institution>
<addr-line>Bogotá </addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>885</fpage>
<lpage>893</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Skin histology and morphometry of the fish Eremophilus mutisii (Trychomecteridae, Siluriformes). The tropical freshwater fish Eremophylus mutisii is endemic to the Cundinamarca highland in Colombia. Skin samples (0.5x0.5 cm²) were taken from 11 specimens at six body parts (mandible, dorsal head, dorsal trunk, caudal trunk, medial trunk and abdominal area), fixed in 4% formaldehyde, dehydrated in 95% ethanol and 99% isopropanol, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 µm. The skin is made of two mayor cutaneous layers (epidermis and dermis) and a subcutaneous layer (hypodermis). The epidermis presents three layers with secretory cells, epithelial cells and a few taste buds; the dermis is separated from the epidermis by a basal membrane. We observed fibroblasts, two layers of melanophors and some blood vessels; the hypodermis has vascularized adipose tissue. Skin thickness changes with body area; the dermis is thicker than the epidermis; skin has more club cells than mucous cells. The medial trunk area has the largest number of club and mucous cells. The skin of E. mutissi seems to mainly have a protective function. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 885-893. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudió la piel del pez dulceacuícola endémico de Colombia Eremophylus mutissi. Se tomaron muestras de piel (0.5x0.5 cm²) de 11 especimenes en seis partes del cuerpo (mandíbulas, cabeza dorsal, tronco dorsal, tronco caudal, tronco medial y abdominal). Se fijaron en formaldehído al 4%, con deshidratación en etanol al 95 % e isopropanol al 99%, inclusión en parafina y cortes a 5 µm. La piel está constituida por dos capas cutáneas (epidermis y dermis) y una capa subcutánea (hipodermis): la epidermis tiene tres capas con células secretoras, células epiteliales y pocas células gustativas; la dermis está separada de la epidermis por una membrana basal. Observamos fibroblastos, dos capas de melanóforos y algunos vasos sanguíneos; la hipodermis tiene un tejido adiposo vascularizado. La dermis es más delgada que la epidermis; la piel tiene más células tipo clava que células mucosas. El tronco medio tiene muchas células clava y células mucosas. La piel de E. mutissi parece tener una función principalmente protectora.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Eremophylus mutissi</kwd>
<kwd>skin</kwd>
<kwd>histology</kwd>
<kwd>morphometry</kwd>
<kwd>E. Mutissi</kwd>
<kwd>piel</kwd>
<kwd>histología</kwd>
<kwd>morfometría</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Berraa</surname>
<given-names>T.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Humphrey</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gross anatomy and histology of the hook and skin of forehead brooding male nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri, from northern Australia</article-title>
<source>Env. Biol. Fishes</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>65</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonilla</surname>
<given-names>R.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quintero</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hurtado</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio histológico preliminar de piel y barbillones del pez capitán de la sabana Eremophilus mutisii (Humboldt, 1805)</article-title>
<source>Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Borissow</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Canosa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aislamiento e identificación de las bacterias presentes en lesiones externas e internas del capitán de la sabana, Eremophilus mutisii (Humboldt, 1805)</article-title>
<source>Geotrópica</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cala</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>del Castillo</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garzón</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Air-breathing behaviour of the Colombian catfish Eremophilus mutisii (Trichomycteridae, Siluriformes)</article-title>
<source>Exp. Biol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coombs</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Braun</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Donovan</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The orienting response of lake Michigan mottled sculpin is mediated by canal neuromasts</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>204</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chivers</surname>
<given-names>D.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>G.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>R.J.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The evolution of chemical alarm signals: Attracting predators benefits alarm signal senders</article-title>
<source>Am. Nat</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>148</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Elliottt</surname>
<given-names>D.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ostrander</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Integumentary System</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Laboratory Fish</article-title>
<source>The Laboratory Fish</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington, DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grazzle</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomy and Histology of the Channel Catfish</article-title>
<source>Anatomy and Histology of the Channel Catfish</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Alabama </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Agricultural Experiment Station. Auburn University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>G.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aspectos biológicos del capitán de la sabana Eremophilus mutisii (Humboldt, 1805) (pisces) de un tramo del río Bogotá en el municipio de Suesca (Cundinamarca), Colombia</article-title>
<source>Aspectos biológicos del capitán de la sabana Eremophilus mutisii (Humboldt, 1805) (pisces) de un tramo del río Bogotá en el municipio de Suesca (Cundinamarca), Colombia</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kotrschal</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Staaden</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Huber</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish brains: evolution and environmental relationships</article-title>
<source>Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lebedeva</surname>
<given-names>N.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vosyliene</surname>
<given-names>M.Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petrauskiene</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Golovkina</surname>
<given-names>T.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Alarm substances in rainbow trout: Origin and physiological effects</article-title>
<source>Pheromones</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Le Guellec</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morvan-Dubois</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sire</surname>
<given-names>J.Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Skin development in bony fish with particular emphasis on collagen deposition in the dermis of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)</article-title>
<source>J. Dev. Biol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Long</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hale</surname>
<given-names>M.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McHenrry</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Westneat</surname>
<given-names>M.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Functions of fish skin: flexural stiffnes and steady swimming of longnose gas Lepisosteus osseus</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Biol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>199</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mayorga</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Biología reproductiva y alimentación de las poblaciones de capitán de la Sabana Eremophilus mutisii, Humbolt 1805 (pisces Trichomycteridae), en la laguna de Fúquene</article-title>
<source>Biología reproductiva y alimentación de las poblaciones de capitán de la Sabana Eremophilus mutisii, Humbolt 1805 (pisces Trichomycteridae), en la laguna de Fúquene</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Michalak</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of pathogens, parasites, and familiarity on alarm cell investment in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas</article-title>
<source>The effects of pathogens, parasites, and familiarity on alarm cell investment in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ottensen</surname>
<given-names>O.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olafsen</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Ontogenetic development and composition of the mucous cells and the occurrence of succular cells in the epidermis of Atlantic halibut</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Parichy</surname>
<given-names>D.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temporal and cellular requirements for Fms signaling during zebrafish adult pigment pattern development</article-title>
<source>Develop</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>130</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphology and histochemistry of the skin of the Korean spined loach, Iksookimia koreensis (Cobitidae), in relation to respiration</article-title>
<source>Folia Zool</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Structure of the skin of an air-breathing mudskipper, Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>J.Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>I.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>S.Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histology of skin of the amphibious fish Periophtalmus modestus</article-title>
<source>Korean J. Biol. Sci</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pohlmann</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Atema</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Breithaupt</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The importance of the lateral line in nocturnal predation of piscivorous catfish</article-title>
<source>J. Exp. Biol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>207</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Prophet</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prophet</surname>
<given-names>E.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arrington</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sobin</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Procesamiento de tejidos: deshidratación, aclaración e infiltración</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Métodos histotecnológicos</article-title>
<source>Métodos histotecnológicos</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Washington^eWashington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación de los cambios patológicos originados durante el cultivo experimental del capitán de la sabana (Eremophilus mutisii, Humboldt 1805) en la estación piscícola del Neusa (CAR)</article-title>
<source>Evaluación de los cambios patológicos originados durante el cultivo experimental del capitán de la sabana (Eremophilus mutisii, Humboldt 1805) en la estación piscícola del Neusa (CAR)</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Bogotá^eCundinamarca </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El pez &quot;Capitán del a Sabana&quot;, Eremophilus mutisii, en el Altiplano Cundiboyacense</article-title>
<source>Colombia Ciencia y Tecnol</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Souza</surname>
<given-names>M.L.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dourado</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>S.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buccini</surname>
<given-names>D.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jardim</surname>
<given-names>M.I. A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matias</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Correia</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Análise da pele de três espécies de peixes: histologia, morfometria e testes de resistência</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bras. Zootec</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stone</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Finger</surname>
<given-names>T.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tam</surname>
<given-names>P.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>S.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Taste receptor cells arise from local epithelium, not neurogenic ectoderm</article-title>
<source>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Takashi</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An atlas of fish histology: Normal and pathology features</article-title>
<source>An atlas of fish histology: Normal and pathology features</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Kodansha Tokyo</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tyagi</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shukla</surname>
<given-names>A.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Encyclopedia of fishes: Series anatomy of fishes</article-title>
<source>Encyclopedia of fishes: Series anatomy of fishes</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>Fifth</edition>
<publisher-loc>Nueva Delhi </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Webb</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ostrander</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanosensory lateral line: Microscopic anatomy and development</article-title>
<source></source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Washington </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The Laboratory Fish</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zar</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biostatistical Analysis</article-title>
<source>Biostatistical Analysis</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Londres </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Prentice Hall</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200037</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los cromosomas mitóticos y meióticos del pez tropical Petenia splendida (Cichlidae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias-Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>Lenin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ibarra-Castro</surname>
<given-names>Leonardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Páramo-Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>Salomón</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,UJAT División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas </institution>
<addr-line>Villahermosa Tabasco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Unidad Mazatlán </institution>
<addr-line>Mazatlán Sinaloa</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>895</fpage>
<lpage>907</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the tropical fish Petenia splendida (Cichlidae). The karyotype of bay snook, Petenia splendida, is described based on mitotic and meiotic stages of sixty larvae and twelve juveniles from Tabasco, Mexico. Standard cytological procedures with minor modifications were followed to obtain mitotic and meiotic chromosome spreads. One hundred chromosome slides were analyzed and 290 chromosome spreads were counted. High-quality spreads in mitosis and meiosis were used for karyotype analysis. Mitotic chromosome spreads showed 76.7 % of such cells with 2n=48 chromosomes, while meiotic spreads revealed 55.2 % with 24 chromosomes in haploid stage. Photographic documentation of eight highquality pictures showed that the karyotype consists of three pairs of bi-armed metacentric-submetacentric chromosomes (msm) and 21 pairs with uni-armed subtelocentric-acrocentric chromosomes (sta), with a fundamental number (FN) of 54 arms. Karyotype chromosomes were verified by analysis of haploid and diploid metaphases at meiotic stage I. Abundant chromosome spreads were observed more frequently on slides from larvae. No evidence of heteromorphism to discriminate sexual chromosomes was detected. There were &quot;dot-like&quot; chromatic bodies in both sexes and they were classified as &quot;B&quot; chromosomes. The karyotype of P. splendida is type &quot;A&quot;, i.e. primitive in the Cichlid family, similar to other species of Cichlasoma. The occurrence of supernumerary chromosomes is still unknown: studies on the effects of pollution and hybridization might be important to understand that phenomenon. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 895-907. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Para describir los cromosomas del cariotipo en mitosis y meiosis de la mojarra tenguayaca P. splendida, se procesaron 60 larvas y doce jóvenes (seis hembras y seis machos) procedentes de Tabasco, México. Se emplearon los procedimientos citológicos clásicos para peces pequeños y grandes, con algunas modificaciones que permitieron obtener campos cromosómicos en meiosis y mitosis. Analizamos al microscopio 100 laminillas, contando 290 dispersiones cromosómicas. En mitosis, 76.7 % de los conteos dieron número modal diploide de 2N=48 cromosomas, mientras en meiosis el 55.2 % mostró 24 cromosomas en condición haploide. Se analizaron ocho de las mejores fotografías para establecer el cariotipo y se identificaron tres pares de cromosomas birrámeos metacéntricos-submetacéntricos (msm) y 21 pares de cromosomas monorrámeos subtelocéntricos-acrocéntricos (sta) con número fundamental (N.F) de 54 brazos. Se corroboró el cariotipo mediante el análisis de campos cromosómicos en estadio haploide y diploide de la meiosis I. Las dispersiones cromosómicas tuvieron un número mayor en larvas que en jóvenes. No hubo diferencias heteromórficas para distinguir cromosomas sexuales. Sin embargo, se observó la presencia de cuerpos cromáticos en forma de puntos, como una característica propia de los microcromosomas &quot;B&quot;. Para esta familia, el cariotipo de P. splendida es primitivo o tipo &quot;A&quot;; y es estrechamente parecido al del género Cichlasoma. El origen de los cromosomas supernumerarios es un fenómeno aun desconocido en los cíclidos por lo que faltan estudios relacionados con el daño causado por la contaminación y la hibridación.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Tenguayaca</kwd>
<kwd>Petenia splendida</kwd>
<kwd>B chromosomes</kwd>
<kwd>karyotype</kwd>
<kwd>cichlid</kwd>
<kwd>Tenguayaca</kwd>
<kwd>Petenia splendida</kwd>
<kwd>cromosomas B</kwd>
<kwd>cariotipo</kwd>
<kwd>cíclido</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Almeida-Toledo</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Foresti</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Daniel</surname>
<given-names>M.F.Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Toledo-Filho</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sex chromosome evolution in fish: the formation of the neo-Y chromosome in Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes)</article-title>
<source>Chromosoma</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>109</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alves</surname>
<given-names>M.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rebelo Porto</surname>
<given-names>J.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Karyological evidence for interspecific hybridization between Cichla monoculus and C. temensis (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in the Amazon</article-title>
<source>Hereditas</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>141</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias-Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Páramo-Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Durán-González</surname>
<given-names>A.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización citogenética del pez tropical de agua dulce Parachromis managuensis (Pisces: Cichlidae)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Botello</surname>
<given-names>A.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goñi</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>S.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Levels of organic pollution in coastal lagoons of Tabasco state, Mexico; I: Petroleum hydrocarbons</article-title>
<source>Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Botello</surname>
<given-names>A.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Diaz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from continental shelf of Tabasco state, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mattheeuws</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>V.M.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Biología de los peces del río San Pedro en vista de determinar su potencial para la piscicultura</article-title>
<source>Biología de los peces del río San Pedro en vista de determinar su potencial para la piscicultura</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Villahermosa^eMéxico. D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Inst. Nac. Invest. Recursos Bióticos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Denton</surname>
<given-names>T.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish chromosome methodology</article-title>
<source>Fish chromosome methodology</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Illinois </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Charles C. Thomas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>G.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cámara</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Botello</surname>
<given-names>A.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ponce</surname>
<given-names>G.V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evaluación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en suelos hidromórficos de la reserva de la biosfera &quot;los pantanos de Centla, en Tabasco, México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dunseth</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bayne</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recruitment control and production of Tilapia aurea (Steindachner) with the predator Cichlasoma managuense (Günther)</article-title>
<source>Aquaculture</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Espinoza-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gaspar-Dillanes</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fuentes-Mata</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Listados faunísticos de México: III. Los peces dulceacuícolas Mexicanos</article-title>
<source>Listados faunísticos de México: III. Los peces dulceacuícolas Mexicanos</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico. D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bertollo</surname>
<given-names>L.A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Discordance in chromosome number among somatic and gonadal tissue cells of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Pisces, Cichlidae)</article-title>
<source>Braz. J. Genet</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bertollo</surname>
<given-names>L.A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Karyotypes of 10 species of neotropical cichlids (Pisces, Perciformes)</article-title>
<source>Caryologia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bertollo</surname>
<given-names>L.A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nucleolar organizer regions in some species of Neotropical cichlid fish (Pisces, Perciformes)</article-title>
<source>Caryologia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Porto</surname>
<given-names>J.I.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alves-Brinn</surname>
<given-names>M.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendonça</surname>
<given-names>M.N.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benzaquema</surname>
<given-names>D.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">B chromosomes in Amazonian cichlid species</article-title>
<source>Cytogenet. Genome Res</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>106</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gamboa-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>H.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmitter-Soto</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution of cichlid fishes in Lake Bacalar, Yucatan Peninsula</article-title>
<source>Env. Biol. Fishes</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Günther</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">On the fishes of the states of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs</article-title>
<source>On the fishes of the states of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs</source>
<year>1867</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gyldenholm</surname>
<given-names>A.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scheel</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chromosome numbers of fishes</article-title>
<source>I. J. Fish. Biol</source>
<year>1971</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hulsey</surname>
<given-names>C.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García De León</surname>
<given-names>F. J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cichlid jaw mechanics: linking morphology to feeding specialization</article-title>
<source>Funct. Ecol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hulsey</surname>
<given-names>C.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García De León</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hendrickson</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Near</surname>
<given-names>T.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Temporal diversification of Mesoamerican cichlid fishes across a major biogeographic boundary</article-title>
<source>Mol. Phylogenet. Evol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kligerman</surname>
<given-names>A.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bloom</surname>
<given-names>S.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Rapid Chromosome preparations from solid tissues of fishes</article-title>
<source>J. Fish. Res. Board Can</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Levan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fredga</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sandberg</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes</article-title>
<source>Hereditas</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Palacios</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The feeding ecology of the Central American cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther)</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martínez-Palacios</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Biología y cultivo de la mojarra Latinoamericana Cichlasoma urophthalmus</article-title>
<source>Biología y cultivo de la mojarra Latinoamericana Cichlasoma urophthalmus</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico. D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONACYT</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martins</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Portella-Castro</surname>
<given-names>A.L.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Julio-Jr</surname>
<given-names>H.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chromosome analysis of 5 species of the cichlidae family (Pisces-Perciformes) from Parana river</article-title>
<source>Cytologia</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McKaye</surname>
<given-names>K.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stauffer Jr</surname>
<given-names>J.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van den Berghe</surname>
<given-names>E.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vivas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>L.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McCrary</surname>
<given-names>J.K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Waid</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Konings</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>W.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kocher</surname>
<given-names>T.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Behavioral, morphological and genetic evidence of divergence of the midas cichlid species complex in two Nicaraguan crater lakes</article-title>
<source>Cuadernos de Investigación de la U.C.A</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Páramo-Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oseguera</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vázquez</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Macias</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bravo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efecto de la densidad de carga y el nivel de proteína sobre el crecimiento de Cichlasoma syspilum (Pisces: Cichlidae) bajo cultivo experimental en sistema cerrado</article-title>
<source>Universidad y Ciencia</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galmiche</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mesenguer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mendoza</surname>
<given-names>E.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galmiche</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mesenguer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La acuicultura de peces nativos en México: Retos y perspectivas</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Memorias del II Seminario sobre peces nativos con uso potencial en acuicultura</article-title>
<source>Memorias del II Seminario sobre peces nativos con uso potencial en acuicultura</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cárdenas^eMéxico D. F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Colegio de postgraduados en ciencias agrícolas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Michele</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Takahashi</surname>
<given-names>C.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative cytology of Tilapia rendalli and Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae, Pisces)</article-title>
<source>Cytologia</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hurlbert</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villalobos-Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pisces</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aquatic biota of México, Central America and the West Indies</article-title>
<source>Aquatic biota of México, Central America and the West Indies</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San Diego^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moreira</surname>
<given-names>F.O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fenocchio</surname>
<given-names>A.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pastori</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bertollo</surname>
<given-names>L.A.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Occurrence of a metacentric macrochromosome B in different species of the genus Astyanax (Pisces, Characidae, Tetragonopterinae)</article-title>
<source>Cytologia</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nishikawa</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kunio</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tsuneo</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A preliminary study on the chromosomes of Cichlasoma citrinella (Cichlidae, Pisces)</article-title>
<source>Chromosome Inf. Serv</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Páramo-Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ictiofauna de Rió Gonzáles y lagunas adyacentes, Tabasco, México</article-title>
<source>Universidad y Ciencia</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Páramo-Delgadillo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Determinación del sexo en algunos cíclidos de Tabasco, México</article-title>
<source>Universidad y Ciencia</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muir</surname>
<given-names>J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>L.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Livelihood options for the coastal zone of Tabasco, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Aquat. Resour. Cult. Develop</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Portela-Castro</surname>
<given-names>A.L.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Júlio-Júnior</surname>
<given-names>H.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nishiyama</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New occurrence of microchromosomes B in Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Pisces, Characidae) from the Parana River of Brazil: analysis of the synaptonemal complex</article-title>
<source>Genetica</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>110</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rab</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liehman</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prokes</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Karyotype of Cichlasoma tetracanthum (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Cuba</article-title>
<source>Folia Zool</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>32</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reséndez-Medina</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salvadores-Baledón</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contribución al conocimiento de la biología del pejelagarto Lepisosteus tropicus (Gill) y la tenguayaca Petenia splendida Günther, del estado de Tabasco</article-title>
<source>Biótica</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boza</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Citotaxonomía comparativa de tres especies de Cichlasoma (Pisces: Cichlidae) nativas de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salgado</surname>
<given-names>S.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Feldberg</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Porto</surname>
<given-names>J.I.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Estudos citogenéticos na familia Cichlidae (Perciformes, Labroidei) da Bacia Amazônica central</article-title>
<source></source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<conf-name>Simp. Citogenet. Evol. e Aplic. de Peixes Neotropicais</conf-name>
<conf-loc>Botucatu </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>K.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cytotaxonomy of 41 species of neotropical cichlidae</article-title>
<source>Copeia</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thorgaard</surname>
<given-names>G.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Disney</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schreck</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moyle</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chromosome preparation and analysis</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Methods for fish biology</article-title>
<source>Methods for fish biology</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMaryland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>American Fisheries Society</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Uribe-Alcocer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Náder-Garcia</surname>
<given-names>L.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valdés-Morales</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Karyotypes of two Cichlid fishes from México, Cichlasoma ellioti and Cichlasoma trimaculatum</article-title>
<source>Jap. J. Ichthyol</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Uribe-Alcocer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Téllez-Vargas</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz-Jaimes</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chromosomes of Cichlasoma istlanum (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and karyotype comparison of two presumed subspecies</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valtierra-Vega</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmitter-Soto</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hábitos alimentarios de las mojarras (Perciformes: Cichlidae) de la laguna Caobas, Quintana Roo, México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Waltzek</surname>
<given-names>T.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wainwright</surname>
<given-names>P.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Functional morphology of extreme Jaw protrusion in Neotropical cichlids</article-title>
<source>J. Morphol</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>257</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arai</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Extensive karyotype in somatic and meiotic cells of the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Pisces: Cobitidae)</article-title>
<source>Folia Zool</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200038</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution patterns, population status and conservation of Melanosuchus niger and Caiman yacare (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in oxbow lakes of the Ichilo river floodplain, Bolivia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aguilera</surname>
<given-names>Ximena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coronel</surname>
<given-names>Jorge S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oberdorff</surname>
<given-names>Thierry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Van Damme</surname>
<given-names>Paul A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad Mayor de San Simón Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos (ULRA) </institution>
<addr-line>Cochabamba </addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Asociación FaunAgua  </institution>
<addr-line>Cochabamba </addr-line>
<country>Bolivia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle DMPA Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>909</fpage>
<lpage>929</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200038&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Caiman yacare (lagarto) and Melanosuchus niger (black caiman), sympatric species in the Bolivian Amazon basin, have been severely overexploited in the past. We present the results of a standardized survey of C. yacare and M. niger populations in order to evaluate their actual population status in twelve oxbow lakes of the Ichilo River floodplain. Additionally we explored the effect of environmental and anthropogenic variables on caiman distribution patterns. The average density of C. yacare and M. niger in the shoreline of floodplain lakes was of 6 and 1 ind/km, respectively. For both species, the population was composed mainly of juvenile individuals. We used regression tree analysis (RTA) to assess patterns of M. niger and C. yacare densities with eight environmental and two anthropogenic variables. The RTA analysis showed that the variation in the densities of both C. yacare (52.4 %) and M. niger (36.8 %) was related to water conductivity. For C. yacare, higher densities occurred at higher values of water conductivity, while M. niger densities followed an opposite trend, resulting in relatively well spatially segregated populations of the two species. After excluding conductivity, Lake-River Distance (LRD) was shown to be the main splitting variable in the RTA analysis. The observed distribution patterns may be the result of the historical post-hunting situation, in combination with differences in habitat selection by the two species, and competitive exclusion processes between the two species. M. niger, a species reported to be recovering slowly from previous low population levels, appears relatively well protected in the Ichilo river floodplain. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 909-929. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Caiman yacare (lagarto) y Melanosuchus niger (caiman negro), son dos especies simpátricas para la cuenca amazónica Boliviana que han sido severamente sobreexlotadas en el pasado. El objetivo de la presente investigación es el de evaluar el estado actual de su población en doce lagunas meándricas de la planicie del río Ichilo. Se realizaron conteos nocturnos de ambas especies entre octubre y diciembre de 1999 y diciembre del año 2000. La perturbación antropogénica fue medida como el número de días por año por pescador que visitan las lagunas. El promedio de individuos observados en las orillas de las lagunas estudiadas fue de de 6 ind./km para C. yacare y de 1 ind./km para M. Níger. Para ambas especies la población estuvo compuesta mayormente por jóvenes. Los análisis de correspondencia canónica (CCA) separaron las lagunas que se encontraron cerca del río, dominadas por C. yacare, de las remotas, dominadas por M. níger. El &quot;Análisis de Árboles de Regresión&quot; (RTA por las siglas en inglés) de ocho variables ambientales y dos antropogénicas explicó un 52.4% de la variación de la densidad de C. yacare y un 36% de M. niger con la conductividad del agua. La alta conductividad coincidió con densidades mayores de C. yacare (lo opuesto para M. niger). Si se excluye la conductividad, la distancia de la laguna al río es el principal predictor. Factores históricos y humanos podrían estar jugando un papel importante en los patrones de distribución y abundancia de ambas especies en combinación con diferencias en la selección de habitats y/o procesos de competición exclusiva entre las dos especies. La especie M. niger se recupera muy lentamente de los bajos niveles de densidad poblacional previos y está protegida en lagunas alejadas del canal principal del Río.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Bolivian Amazon</kwd>
<kwd>Caiman yacare</kwd>
<kwd>floodplain lakes</kwd>
<kwd>Melanosuchus niger</kwd>
<kwd>Amazona boliviana</kwd>
<kwd>caiman yacaré</kwd>
<kwd>planos de inundación</kwd>
<kwd>Melanosuchus niger</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abercrombie</surname>
<given-names>C.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hope</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Holmes</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>D.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lane</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Investigations into the status of the Morelet’s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) in Belize: 1980</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group Gainesville, Florida, 11-30 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group Gainesville, Florida, 11-30 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aparecida Santos</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stoli Nogueira</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silva Pinheiro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campos</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mourao</surname>
<given-names>G.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diets of Caiman crocodilos yacare from different habitats in the Brazilian Pantanal</article-title>
<source>Herpetol. J</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aparicio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llobet</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Criterios utilizados para recomendar una cuota de cosecha de Caiman yacare en Bolivia para 1999</article-title>
<source>Criterios utilizados para recomendar una cuota de cosecha de Caiman yacare en Bolivia para 1999</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>La Paz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Viceministerio de Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio ambiente</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ayarzaguena</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología del Caimán de anteojos o baba (Caiman crocodilus L.) en los llanos de Apure (Venezuela)</article-title>
<source>Doñana Act. vert</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bourrel</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreau</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Philips</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Flood dynamics in the Bolivian Amazon basin</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conser. Amb</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brazaitis</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Caiman of the Pantanal, past, present and future</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 8th working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, Quito, Ecuador, 119-124 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 8th working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, Quito, Ecuador, 119-124 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Breiman</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Friedman</surname>
<given-names>J.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olshen</surname>
<given-names>R.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stone</surname>
<given-names>C.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Classification and Regression Trees</article-title>
<source>Classification and Regression Trees</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Belmont^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wadsworth International Group</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cisneros</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Damme</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Observaciones sobre la morfometría del lagarto (Caiman yacare) y del Caiman negro (Melanosuchus niger) en el TIPNIS (Bolivia)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Da Silveira</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diets of spectacled and black caiman in the Anavilhanos Archipelago, Central Amazonia, Brasil</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Da Silveira</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thorbjarnarson</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Conservation implications of commercial hunting of black and spectacled caiman in the Mamirauá Sustainable development Reserve, Brazil</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ergueta</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los crocodilios (Orden Crocodylia) de Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Bol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Godshalk</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Un programa de conservación del lagarto Caiman crocodilus yacare en Bolivia, con manejo para la cosecha sostenible de cueros</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manejo de fauna silvestre en la amazonía</article-title>
<source>Manejo de fauna silvestre en la amazonía</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>La Paz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Instituto de Ecología</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Godshalk</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Status and conservation of Crocodilus intermedius in Venezuela</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group IUCN/SSC, Gainesville Florida, Gland, Switzerland</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group IUCN/SSC, Gainesville Florida, Gland, Switzerland</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herron</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Body size, spatial distribution, and microhabitat use in the Caimans, Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus, in a Peruvian lake</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Horna</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cintra</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vásquez</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Horna</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Feeding ecology of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) in Manu National Park, Peru</article-title>
<source>Lyonia</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jongman</surname>
<given-names>R.H.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ter Braak</surname>
<given-names>C.J.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Van Tongeren</surname>
<given-names>O.F.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Data Analysis in community and landscape ecology</article-title>
<source>Data Analysis in community and landscape ecology</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Wageningen </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Pudoc</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Videz Roca</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The caimans of Bolivia: A preliminary report on a CITES and Centro de Desarrollo Forestal sponsored survey of species distribution and status</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 8th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, Quito, Ecuador</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 8th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, Quito, Ecuador</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aquino</surname>
<given-names>A.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palacios</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Survey of caimans in Paraguay</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 12th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 12th Working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc>Gland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>IUCN</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liceaga</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ten</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Abundancia y estructura poblacional de crocodilios en la Reserva Inmovilizada Iténez (Beni, Bolivia)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Llobet</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goitia</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Abundancia y estructura poblacional de Caiman yacare en lagunas de la llanura inundable de los ríos Ichilo y Chapare (Bolivia)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Llobet</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aparicio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fang</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Montenegro</surname>
<given-names>O.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bodmer</surname>
<given-names>R.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Abundancia, estructura poblacional y perspectivas de aprovechamiento de Caiman yacare en cinco estancias del departamento del Beni</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manejo y Conservación de Fauna Silvestre en América Latina</article-title>
<source>Manejo y Conservación de Fauna Silvestre en América Latina</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>La Paz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Institutio de Ecología</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Llobet</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aparicio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Program of Conservation and Use of the spectacled caiman (Caiman yacare) in Bolivia, and recommendations to improve it</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Proceedings of the 17th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN</article-title>
<source>Proceedings of the 17th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Gland </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The World Conservation Union</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goitia</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cadima</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Castellón</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización limnológica de lagunas en la Llanura Aluvial del río Ichilo, Cochabamba (Bolivia)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biological aspects of the conservation of Amazonian Crocodilians</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, Gainsville Florida, 108-116 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</article-title>
<source>Crocodiles, Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, Gainsville Florida, 108-116 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Size stimates of cocodrilians</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rebêlo</surname>
<given-names>G.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Brazilian crocodiles: problems of conservation in a multispecies system</article-title>
<source>Zimbabwe Sci. News</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Habitat selection, parasites and injuries in Amazonian Crocodilians</article-title>
<source>Amazoniana</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Da Silva</surname>
<given-names>E.V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lima</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diets of Amazonian crocodilians</article-title>
<source>J. Herpetol</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Medem</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los Crocodylia de Sur América Vol. II Venezuela, Trinidad y Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Guayana Francesa, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Argentiba, Uruguay, Colciencias, Bogotá, Colombia</article-title>
<source>Los Crocodylia de Sur América Vol. II Venezuela, Trinidad y Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Guayana Francesa, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Argentiba, Uruguay, Colciencias, Bogotá, Colombia</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>Private</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Micucci</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Waller</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Larriera</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verdade</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los yacares en Argentina: hacia un aprovechamiento sostenible</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fundación Banco Bica: Vol. I</article-title>
<source>Fundación Banco Bica: Vol. I</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Santa Fe </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mourao</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campos</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coutinho</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abercrombie</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Size structure of illegally harvested and surviving Caiman, Caiman crocodilus yacare, in Pantanal, Brazil</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>75</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Navarro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>J.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización ecológica y Biodiversidad de la cuenca oeste del río Ichilo (Cochabamba, Bolivia)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Navarro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Geografía ecológica de Bolivia: vegetación y ambientes acuáticos</article-title>
<source>Geografía ecológica de Bolivia: vegetación y ambientes acuáticos</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cochabamba </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fundación Simón I. Patiño</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ojasti</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Wildlife utilization in Latin America: Current status and prospects for sustainable management</article-title>
<source>Wildlife utilization in Latin America: Current status and prospects for sustainable management</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Rome </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FAO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Otte</surname>
<given-names>K.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Untersuchungen zur Biologie des Mohrenkaiman (Melanosuchus niger Spix 1825) in Nationalpark Manu (Peru): Beitrage zur Morphologie, Physiolgoie, Ethologie und Ökologie</article-title>
<source>Untersuchungen zur Biologie des Mohrenkaiman (Melanosuchus niger Spix 1825) in Nationalpark Manu (Peru): Beitrage zur Morphologie, Physiolgoie, Ethologie und Ökologie</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Munic </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Algunos aspectos de la Biología y etologia del Melanosuchus niger en cautiverio</article-title>
<source>Algunos aspectos de la Biología y etologia del Melanosuchus niger en cautiverio</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Abundancia, distribución y uso de habitat de Caimanes en Beni, Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Abundancia, distribución y uso de habitat de Caimanes en Beni, Bolivia</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Plan de Acción para los Caimanes de Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Bol</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Larriera</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verdade</surname>
<given-names>L.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Perspectivas de la Conservación de Caimanes en Bolivia</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La conservación y el manejo de caimanes y cocodrilos de america latina, Vol I</article-title>
<source>La conservación y el manejo de caimanes y cocodrilos de america latina, Vol I</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Santo Tomé^eSanta Fé </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fundacion banco Bica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aparicio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ergueta</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de Morales</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Reptiles</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Libro rojo de los Vertebrados de Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Libro rojo de los Vertebrados de Bolivia</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>L.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Llobet</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estado de las poblaciones de Caiman latirostris en Tarija, Bolivia</article-title>
<source>Rev. Bol. Ecol. Conserv. Amb</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Platt</surname>
<given-names>S.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thorbjarnarson</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Population status and conservation of Morelet’s crocodile, Crocodylus moreletii, in northern Belize</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>96</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rebêlo</surname>
<given-names>G.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Magnusson</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">An analysis of the effect of hunting on Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger based on the sizes of confiscated skins</article-title>
<source>Biol. Conserv</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rebêlo</surname>
<given-names>G.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lugli</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution and abundance of tour caiman species (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) in Jaú National Park, Amazonas, Brazil</article-title>
<source>J. Trop. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>49</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rebolledo-Garín</surname>
<given-names>P.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tapia-Arauz</surname>
<given-names>M.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La herpetofauna de la reserva de vida silvestre de los ríos Blanco y Negro: Diversidad, distribución, pautas para su conservación y uso sostenible, Informe preliminar</article-title>
<source>La herpetofauna de la reserva de vida silvestre de los ríos Blanco y Negro: Diversidad, distribución, pautas para su conservación y uso sostenible, Informe preliminar</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>La Paz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza, FAN</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scott Jr</surname>
<given-names>N.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aquino</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fitzgerald</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distribution, habitats and conservation of the caiman (alligatoridae) of Paraguay</article-title>
<source>Vida Silv. Neotrop</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thorbjarnarson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Status, ecology and conservation of crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) in Venezuela</article-title>
<source>Status, ecology and conservation of crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) in Venezuela</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Caracas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FUDENA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vallejo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ron</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Asanza</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Growth in Melanosuchus níger and Caiman crococilus crocodilos at Zancudococha and Cuyabeno, Ecuadorian Amazon</article-title>
<source>Growth in Melanosuchus níger and Caiman crococilus crocodilos at Zancudococha and Cuyabeno, Ecuadorian Amazon</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Santa Fe </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Proc. I Workshop Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vasquez</surname>
<given-names>R.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Bases biológicas para el manejo de los alligatoridae en Jenaro Herrera (Requena-Perú)</article-title>
<source>Bases biológicas para el manejo de los alligatoridae en Jenaro Herrera (Requena-Perú)</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Waller</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Micucci</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Relevamiento de la distribución, habitat y abundancia de los crocodilianos de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Zoocria de los crocodylia: Memorias de la 1° Reunión Regional de especialistas de Cocodrilos de la UICN 341-385, Gland, Switzerland</article-title>
<source>Zoocria de los crocodylia: Memorias de la 1° Reunión Regional de especialistas de Cocodrilos de la UICN 341-385, Gland, Switzerland</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200039</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The dietary habits of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranaceus (Osteichthyes: Mochokidae) in Jebba lake, Nigeria</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Owolabi</surname>
<given-names>Olufemi David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,University of Ilorin Department of Zoology </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>931</fpage>
<lpage>936</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Dietary habits of the up side-down Mochokid catfish, Synodontis membranaceus were investigated for 24 months (April 2002-March 2004, in Jebba lake, Nigeria) using frequency of occurrence, numerical, gravimetric and index of relative importance (RI) methods. The fish is euryphagus and feeds more at night. RI values indicate that 10 of the 16 food items were major diet components. The main five food categories are detritus (10.64 %), Aspatharia (9.08 %), plant parts (8.85 %), seeds (8.61 %) and Spirogyra (8.43 %), while the 5 less prominent food categories were gastropods (7.05 %), insect appendages (6.88 %), copepods (6.31 %), adult Povilla adusta (5.89 %) and coleoptera larvae (5.36 %). The remaining six food items, dragon flies, P. adusta larvae, chironomid larvae, Daphnia, water mites and fish scales had RI values considerably under 5 %. The prominence of detritus in the diet indicated that the fish is a bottom or benthic feeder. The wide variability in food supply enables S. membranaceus to maintain its overwhelming prominence in Jebba lake, and its euryphagus habit makes it suited for pond culture. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 931-936. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Los hábitos alimenticios del pez Synodontis membranaceus fueron investigados durante 24 meses (abril 2002-marzo 2004) en el lago Jebba, Nigeria; utilizando frecuencia de aparición, métodos numéricos, métodos gravimétricos y el Índice de Importancia Relativa (IR). El incremento de estómagos llenos durante la noche, en comparación con el día, indica una intensidad alta de alimentación durante la noche. El pez tiene una dieta eurífaga. De los 16 tipos de comida ingeridos, 10 constituyen la dieta principal, según los valores del IR. Las cinco principales categorías fueron detritos (10.64 %), Aspatharia (9.08 %), plantas (8.85 %), semillas (8.61 %) y Spirogyra (8.43 %), mientras que las cinco categorías menores corresponden a gastrópodos (7.05 %), apéndices de insectos (6.88 %), copépodos (6.31 %), adultos de Povilla adusta (5.89 %) y larvas de coleóptero (5.3 %). Las restantes seis categorías de alimentación son odonatos larvales, larvas de P. adusta, larvas de quironómidos, Daphnia, ácaros de agua y escamas de pez, las cuales no mostraron gran significancia debido a que los valores de IR fueron menores a 5 %. La importancia del detrito en la dieta indica que el pez habita en el fondo o posee alimentación bentónica. La amplia variabilidad de alimentos y la adaptabilidad natural a cualquiera de los recursos alimenticios presentes en el lago permite a S. membranaceus mantener su gran abundancia en el lago Jebba. Su comportamiento eurífago lo hace apropiado para su cultivo.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>S. membranaceus</kwd>
<kwd>food</kwd>
<kwd>trophic activity</kwd>
<kwd>Jebba lake</kwd>
<kwd>Nigeria</kwd>
<kwd>S. membranaceus</kwd>
<kwd>alimento</kwd>
<kwd>actividad trófica</kwd>
<kwd>lago Jebba</kwd>
<kwd>Nigeria</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Araoye</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jeje</surname>
<given-names>C.Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The diet of Synodontis schall (Block-Schneider, 1801) in Asa Dam, Ilorin, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Nig. J. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bishai</surname>
<given-names>H.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abu-Gideiri</surname>
<given-names>Y.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the biology of the genus Synodontis at Khartoum: II. Food and feeding habits</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1965</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blache</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Less poisons du basin du Tchad et Mayo Kebbi</article-title>
<source>Cah. Me. D.R.S.T.O.M</source>
<year>1964</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boujard</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luquet</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lengendre</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Proteau</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr">Rythemes alimentaires et alimentation chez les Siluroidei</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology and culture of catfishes</article-title>
<source>The biology and culture of catfishes</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bruton</surname>
<given-names>M.N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food and feeding behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with emphasis on its role as a predator of Cichlid</article-title>
<source>Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dill</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive flexibility in the foraging behaviour of fish</article-title>
<source>Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ekpo</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Length-weight relationship, food and feeding habits and fecundity of non-cichlid fishes of Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Length-weight relationship, food and feeding habits and fecundity of non-cichlid fishes of Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ezenwaji</surname>
<given-names>H.M.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The abundance and trophic biology of Clarias albopunctatus Nichols and La Monte, 1953 (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) in tropical flood river basin</article-title>
<source>Hydrobiologia</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>392</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ezenwaji</surname>
<given-names>H.M.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin, 1920 (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) in an Africa rain forest river basin</article-title>
<source>Fish. Res</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fagade</surname>
<given-names>S.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food and feeding habits of the fishes of lower River Benue (Nigeria)</article-title>
<source>Bull. de I, I.F.A.N.T. 45 Ser</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<issue>3-6</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>George</surname>
<given-names>E.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hadley</surname>
<given-names>W.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food and habits partitioning between rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieni) young of the year</article-title>
<source>Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>108</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hyslop</surname>
<given-names>E.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stomach content analysis, a review of methods and their application</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Idodo-Umeh</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The feeding ecology of Mochokid species in River Ase, Niger Delta, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Trop. Freshwat. Biol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ikusemiju</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Olaniyan</surname>
<given-names>C.I.O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food and feeding habits of the catfishes Chrysichthys walkeri (Gunther) and Chrysichthys filamentosus (Boulenger) and Chrysicthhys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede) in the Lekki lagoon, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>J. Fish Biol</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ikusemiju</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hydrobiology and fishes of the Lekki lagoon, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>J. Nat. Sci</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>I and II</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>R.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Length-Weight relationships of Nigerian fresh water fishes</article-title>
<source>Naga, ICLARM Quarterly</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lopez-Peralta</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Arcila. T</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diet composition of fish species from Sourthern Continental shelf of Colombia</article-title>
<source>Naga World Fish Cent. Quart</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lowe-McConnel</surname>
<given-names>R.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish Communities in tropical freshwaters: their distribution, ecology and evolution</article-title>
<source>Fish Communities in tropical freshwaters: their distribution, ecology and evolution</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Longman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Olatunde</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some aspects of the biology of Synodontis schall (Bloch-Schneider) in Zaria</article-title>
<source>Nig. J. Aquatic Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Owolabi</surname>
<given-names>O.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Omotosho</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspect of the biology of Synodontis gambiensis (Gunther) from Asa lake, Ilorin, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Nig. J. Pure Appl. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Owolabi</surname>
<given-names>O.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Some aspects of the Biology of Synodontis membranaceus (Geoffroy Saint Hillarie, 1809) in Jebba lake, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Some aspects of the Biology of Synodontis membranaceus (Geoffroy Saint Hillarie, 1809) in Jebba lake, Nigeria</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Petr</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Food preferences of commercial fishes in the Volta lake: Tech Report X, Volta Basin Research Project</article-title>
<source>Food preferences of commercial fishes in the Volta lake: Tech Report X, Volta Basin Research Project</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Ghana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reed</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Burchad</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hopson</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jenness</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yaro</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria</article-title>
<source>Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lagos </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Publ. MANR</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ricker</surname>
<given-names>W.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Method of Assessment of fish production in freshwater</article-title>
<source>Method of Assessment of fish production in freshwater</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Blackwell Scientific Publication</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sa-a</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palomares</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pauly</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food items Table: In Fish Base 1997 CD-ROM</article-title>
<source>The food items Table: In Fish Base 1997 CD-ROM</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Manila </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>ICLARM</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sandon</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>El-Tayib</surname>
<given-names>A.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The food of some Nile fishes</article-title>
<source>Sudan Notes and Records</source>
<year>1953</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ward</surname>
<given-names>H.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Whipple</surname>
<given-names>G.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Freshwater biology</article-title>
<source>Freshwater biology</source>
<year>1950</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Welcomme</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fisheries ecology of flood plain rivers</article-title>
<source>Fisheries ecology of flood plain rivers</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>London </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Longman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Welcomme</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">River Fisheries: FAO Tech. Paper No 262</article-title>
<source>River Fisheries: FAO Tech. Paper No 262</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Rome </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FAO</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Willoughby</surname>
<given-names>N.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The ecology of the genus Synodontis (Pisces: Siluroidei) in lake Kainji, Nigeria</article-title>
<source>The ecology of the genus Synodontis (Pisces: Siluroidei) in lake Kainji, Nigeria</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200040</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem anatomical characteristics of the climbing palm Desmoncus orthacanthos (Arecaceae) under two natural growth conditions in a tropical forest</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quiroz</surname>
<given-names>Joaquín</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Orellana</surname>
<given-names>Roger</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Canto</surname>
<given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rebollar</surname>
<given-names>Silvia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Herrera-Franco</surname>
<given-names>Pedro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán  </institution>
<addr-line>Mérida Yucatán</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Biología </institution>
<addr-line> México D.F</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>937</fpage>
<lpage>949</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200040&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Desmoncus orthacanthos is a Neotropical climbing palm that resembles rattan and therefore has similar potential applications. The genus Desmoncus (subfamily Arecoideae, subtribe Bactridinae) is distributed throughout the Americas, from veracruz, Mexico, to Brazil and Bolivia. The anatomical characteristics of its support tissue have not been thoroughly studied, although some observations from Central American artisans suggest that the stems collected from undisturbed sites possess better characteristics; these include a good capacity to withstand bending without breaking (i.e. higher fracture strength than plants from disturbed sites). Stem samples were collected from individuals from disturbed and undisturbed sites, at three points along the length of the stem (basal, medium and apical). Collections were made of one ramet from five individuals (n=5) at both sites. Each ramet was divided into three sections: basal, from soil surface to a height of 0.5 m; medium, from a height of 0.5 to 5.0 m; and apical, from a height 5.0 to 10.0 m. An anatomical analysis including vascular bundles, parenchyma elements and fibers was performed in the radial direction and also along the longitudinal direction of the stems. The amount of vascular bundles was greater for samples from undisturbed site stems; the amount of parenchyma cells differ between samples from both sites and the amount of fibers was greater for samples from disturbed site stems. The anatomical structural dimensions were smaller for samples from the undisturbed site stems. These findings partially confirm the artisans’ belief and supports the conclusion that microclimatic conditions affect plant anatomical structure. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 937-949. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Desmoncus orthacanthos es una palmera trepadora neotropical que puede, potencialmente, utilizarse en usos similares a los del ratán. El género Desmoncus (subfamilia Arecoideae, subtribu Bactridinae) se distribuye en América desde Veracruz, Mexico, hasta Brasil y Bolivia. Esta especie posee características anatómicas que no han sido ampliamente estudiadas pero observaciones hechas por artesanos centroamericanos sugieren que los tallos de sitios no perturbados por actividades humanas presentan mayor resistencia al doblado y menos tallos fracturados en el manejo. Las muestras de tallos fueron recolectadas de individuos que crecen en un sitio conservado y uno perturbado por actividades humanas, a tres alturas de la longitud del tallo (basal, media y apical). Se recolectó una rama de cada uno de cinco individuos (n=5) en ambos sitios. Cada rama fue dividida en tres secciones: basal, desde el nivel del suelo hasta los 0.5 m; medio, desde 0.5 a 5.0 m; y apical, desde 5.0 a 10.0 m. Se midió la cantidad por unidad de área y las dimensiones o tamaño (i.e. diámetro radial y diámetro perpendicular) de paquetes vasculares, células de parénquima y fibras. La cantidad de paquetes vasculares fue mayor en los tallos del sitio conservado, la cantidad de células de parénquima fue diferente entre sitios y la cantidad de fibras fue mayor en los tallos del sitio perturbado por actividades humanas. Estas características muestran cierta relación con los resultados mecánicos en otro estudio de los autores, los cuales confirman parcialmente las observaciones de los artesanos, lo que puede estar estrechamente relacionado con las características microclimáticas de los sitios de crecimiento.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Desmoncus orthacanthos</kwd>
<kwd>stem anatomy</kwd>
<kwd>climbing palms</kwd>
<kwd>growth conditions</kwd>
<kwd>Desmoncus orthacanthos</kwd>
<kwd>anatomía del tallo</kwd>
<kwd>palmas trepadoras</kwd>
<kwd>condiciones de crecimiento</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arnold</surname>
<given-names>D.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mauseth</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of environmental factors on development of wood</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>86</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Balick</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Economic botany of the Guahibo: 1</article-title>
<source>Palmae. Econ. Bot</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barajas</surname>
<given-names>M.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Echenique-Manrique</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía de maderas de México: No. 1: 12 especies de Jalisco &amp; Veracruz</article-title>
<source>Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Bióticos</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bazzaz</surname>
<given-names>F.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plants in changing environments: linking physiological, population and community ecology</article-title>
<source>Plants in changing environments: linking physiological, population and community ecology</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Begon</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Towsend</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ecología: individuos, poblaciones y comunidades</article-title>
<source>Ecología: individuos, poblaciones y comunidades</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Omega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Belsky</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Siebert</surname>
<given-names>S.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Primack</surname>
<given-names>R.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bray</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galleti</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ponciano</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Non-timber forest products in community development and conservation: Desmoncus sp. (tie-tie) in Gales Point, Manatee, Belize</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Timber, Tourist and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico</article-title>
<source>Timber, Tourist and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington DC </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Island</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Berlyn</surname>
<given-names>G.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miksche</surname>
<given-names>J.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry</article-title>
<source>Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry</source>
<year>1976</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ames^eIowa </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The Iowa State University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carson</surname>
<given-names>F.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Histotechnology, a self-instructional text</article-title>
<source>Histotechnology, a self-instructional text</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eChicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>American Society of Clinical Pathologist</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla A</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Diagnóstico de la producción y comercialización de artículos elaborados con fibra de bayal (Desmoncus sp.) en los municipios de Santa Ana, San Francisco, San José, San Andrés y Flores, del Departamento del Petén</article-title>
<source>Diagnóstico de la producción y comercialización de artículos elaborados con fibra de bayal (Desmoncus sp.) en los municipios de Santa Ana, San Francisco, San José, San Andrés y Flores, del Departamento del Petén</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chinchilla A</surname>
<given-names>M.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización de las poblaciones de bayal (Desmoncus sp.), con fines de aprovechamiento artesanal, en la unidad de manejo forestal de San Miguel, San Andrés, Petén</article-title>
<source>Caracterización de las poblaciones de bayal (Desmoncus sp.), con fines de aprovechamiento artesanal, en la unidad de manejo forestal de San Miguel, San Andrés, Petén</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Escalante</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Montaña</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Orellana</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Demography and potential extractive use of the liana palm Desmoncus orthacanthos Martius (Arecaceae), in southern Quintana Roo, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Forest Ecol. Manag</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>187</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Escalante</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caracterización del ratán y de tres especies posibles sustitutas</article-title>
<source>Caracterización del ratán y de tres especies posibles sustitutas</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ewers</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fisher</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Why vines have narrow stems: histological trends in Bauhinia (Fabaceae)</article-title>
<source>Oecología</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>88</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ewers</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fisher</surname>
<given-names>J.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chiu</surname>
<given-names>S.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Water transport in the liana Bauhinia fassoglensis (Fabaceae)</article-title>
<source>Plant Physiol</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>91</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gaviño</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Juárez</surname>
<given-names>J.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>H.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Técnicas biológicas selectas de laboratorio y de campo</article-title>
<source>Técnicas biológicas selectas de laboratorio y de campo</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMexico DF </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Limusa</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hallé</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oldeman</surname>
<given-names>R.A.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tomlinson</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical trees and forests</article-title>
<source>Tropical trees and forests</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Spriger</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Desmoncus as useful palm in the western amazon basin</article-title>
<source>Principes</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galeano</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bernal</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Field guide to the Palms of the Americas</article-title>
<source>Field guide to the Palms of the Americas</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Princeton^eNew Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princeton University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hutchison</surname>
<given-names>B.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matt</surname>
<given-names>D.R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The distribution of solar radiation within a deciduous forest</article-title>
<source>Ecol. Monogr</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Isnard</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Speck</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rowe</surname>
<given-names>N.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biomechanics and development of the climbing habit in two species of the South American palm genus Desmoncus (Arecaceae)</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jaffe</surname>
<given-names>J.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leopold</surname>
<given-names>A.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Staples</surname>
<given-names>R.C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Thigmo responses in plants and fungi</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johansen</surname>
<given-names>D.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant microtechnique</article-title>
<source>Plant microtechnique</source>
<year>1974</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Klotz</surname>
<given-names>L.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Observations on diameters of vessel in stems of palms</article-title>
<source>Principes</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liese</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weiner</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rao</surname>
<given-names>A.N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vongkaluang</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dransfield</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Manokaran</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sastry</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dhanaranjan</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomical structures for the identification of rattan</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recent Research on Rattan</article-title>
<source>Recent Research on Rattan</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand and International Development Research Centre</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Marmillod</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galvez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efecto del aprovechamiento maderero sobre la población de bayal, especie no maderable del bosque petenero</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Memorias del Simposio Internacional sobre posibilidades de manejo forestal sostenible en América Tropical, julio 1997</article-title>
<source>Memorias del Simposio Internacional sobre posibilidades de manejo forestal sostenible en América Tropical, julio 1997</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Santa Cruz </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Niklas</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant biomechanics: an Engineering approach to plant form and function</article-title>
<source>Plant biomechanics: an Engineering approach to plant form and function</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eChicago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The University Chicago</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Olmsted</surname>
<given-names>I.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Durán</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Iturbe</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Granados</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tun</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Vegetación</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Atlas de Procesos Territoriales de Yucatán</article-title>
<source>Atlas de Procesos Territoriales de Yucatán</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Mérida </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UADY, Facultad de Arquitectura</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Orellana</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Síndromes morfológicos y funcionales de las palmeras de la Península de Yucatán</article-title>
<source>Bull. Inst. Fr. Etudes Andines</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Orellana</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Herrera</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rebollar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Escalante</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Escalante</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gus</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Studies on the potential uses of some native palms of the Yucatan peninsula (Mexico) as substitutes of rattan: Proc. of the 2nd Int. Symp. on ornamental palms and other monocots from the tropics. Acta Hort 486, s.p</article-title>
<source>Studies on the potential uses of some native palms of the Yucatan peninsula (Mexico) as substitutes of rattan: Proc. of the 2nd Int. Symp. on ornamental palms and other monocots from the tropics. Acta Hort 486, s.p</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Phillips</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Putz</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mooney</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The etnobotany and economic botany of tropical vines</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of vines</article-title>
<source>The biology of vines</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge^eMassachussetts </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Putz</surname>
<given-names>F.E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mooney</surname>
<given-names>H.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The biology of vines</article-title>
<source>The biology of vines</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge^eMassachussetts </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cambridge</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quero</surname>
<given-names>H.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Current status of Mexican palms</article-title>
<source>Principes</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rich</surname>
<given-names>P.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanical architecture of arborescent rain forest palm</article-title>
<source>Principes</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rich</surname>
<given-names>P.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Developmental anatomy of the stem of Welfa georgii, Iriartea gigantea, and other arborecent palms: implications for mechanical support</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Bot</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>74</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rowe</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Isnard</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Speck</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Diversity of Mechanical Architectures in Climbing Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective</article-title>
<source>J. Plant Growth Regul</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>23</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ruzin</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant microtechnique and microscopy</article-title>
<source>Plant microtechnique and microscopy</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Oxford University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salisbury</surname>
<given-names>F.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>C.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant Physiology</article-title>
<source>Plant Physiology</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Belmont^eCalifornia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Wadsworth</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">SAS language guide for personal computers</article-title>
<source>SAS language guide for personal computers</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cary^eNorth Carolina </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>SAS Institute</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plantae Mexicana V: Desmoncus chinantlensis and its utilization in native basketry</article-title>
<source>Bot. Mus. Leafl</source>
<year>1940</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Siebert</surname>
<given-names>S.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Abundance and growth of Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart (Palmeae) in response to light and ramet harvesting in five forest sites in Belize</article-title>
<source>Forest Ecol. Manag</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>137</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Silitonga</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of several cooking oil compositions on manau (Calamus manan Miq.) canes</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Recent research on rattans</article-title>
<source>Recent research on rattans</source>
<year>1989</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sokal</surname>
<given-names>R.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rohlf</surname>
<given-names>F.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Introducción a la bioestadística</article-title>
<source>Introducción a la bioestadística</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Reverté</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tilman</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Plant strategies and the Dynamics and structure of plant communities</article-title>
<source>Plant strategies and the Dynamics and structure of plant communities</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew Jersey </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princenton</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomlinson</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The structural biology of palms</article-title>
<source>The structural biology of palms</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Clarendon, Oxford University</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomlinson</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>M.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stem vascular architecture in the American climbing palm Desmoncus (Arecaceae-Arecoideae-Bactridinae)</article-title>
<source>Bot. J. Linn. Soc</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>142</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tyree</surname>
<given-names>M.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ewers</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mulkey</surname>
<given-names>S.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chazdon</surname>
<given-names>R.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Hydraulic architecture of woody tropical plants</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tropical forest plant ecophysiology</article-title>
<source>Tropical forest plant ecophysiology</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eNew York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Chapman</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Uhl</surname>
<given-names>N.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dransfield</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Genera Palmarum: A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. Allen</article-title>
<source>Genera Palmarum: A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. Allen</source>
<year>1987</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Lawrence^eKansas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiner</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liese</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Rattans-stem anatomy and taxonomic implications</article-title>
<source>IAWA J</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiner</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liese</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Generic identification key to rattan palms based on stem anatomical characters</article-title>
<source>IAWA J</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meinzer</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bentrup</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">How does water ascend in tall trees and other vascular plants</article-title>
<source>Ann. Bot</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>76</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200041</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía micrográfica del folíolo de la palma neotropical Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chaimsohn</surname>
<given-names>Francisco Paulo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Montiel</surname>
<given-names>Mayra</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>Enrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mora Urpí</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Agronómico do Paraná  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Agronomía Escuela de Zootecnia</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>951</fpage>
<lpage>959</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Leaf micrografic anatomy of the Neotropical palm Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae). The economic importance of the palm Bactris gasipaes is growing in the Neotropoical region. We collected leaflets from plants under a chemical fertilization regime and a population of 5000 plants per hectare, in Costa Rica. The variety, Diamantes 10, has an ascendency fom the upper Amazon basin. We used Harries hematoxiline, eocine and standard light microscopy techniques. The presence of raphids and buliform cells was confirmed for the abaxial surface of the leaflets and for the hypodermic tissue on both sides. The absence of the Krantz anatomy was confirmed in consistence with former observations about the C3 photosynthesis in other species of Palmaceae. The average stomatal density on the abaxial surface was 96.87±16.31 stomata.mm-2 and 14.20±4.05 in the adaxial surface. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 951-959. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudiaron hojas de plantas jóvenes cultivadas para producción de palmito de la variedad Diamantes 10 de ascendencia del Alto Amazonas. Se estudió la anatomía micrográfica foliar y la frecuencia de estomas en la superficie adaxial y abaxial de los foliolos de Bactris gasipaes provenientes de una plantación experimental en un régimen de fertilización química y una densidad de población de 5000 plantas por hectárea, en Guápiles, Costa Rica. Se confirmó la presencia de rafidios y células buliformes en la superficie abaxial de las láminas foliares y del tejido hipodermico en ambos lados. Confirmamos la ausencia de la anatomía Krantz en esta especie, reafirmando la fotosíntesis C3 como mecanismo metabólico en la familia Palmaceae. La densidad promedio de estomas en la superficie abaxial fue de 96,87±16,31 estomas.mm-2 y en la superficie adaxial fue de 14,20±4,05 estomas.mm-2.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Bactris gasipaes</kwd>
<kwd>leaf micrographic anatomy</kwd>
<kwd>stomata frequency</kwd>
<kwd>Krantz anatomy</kwd>
<kwd>Bactris gasipaes</kwd>
<kwd>anatomía micrográfica</kwd>
<kwd>frecuencia de estomas</kwd>
<kwd>anatomía de Krantz</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Awal</surname>
<given-names>M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ishak</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Endan</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Haniff</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of specific leaf area and leaf area-leaf mass relationship in oil palm plantation</article-title>
<source>Asian J. Plant Sci</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bongers</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Popma</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Leaf characteristics of the tropical rain forest flora of los Tuxtlas, Mexico</article-title>
<source>Bot. Ga</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>151</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bovi</surname>
<given-names>M.L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Godoy Jr</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tucci</surname>
<given-names>M.L.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spiering</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nitrogen deficiency in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): An. del XXVI Int. Hort. Congress</article-title>
<source>Nitrogen deficiency in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): An. del XXVI Int. Hort. Congress</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Toronto </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>ISHS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brownlee</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The long and the short of stomatal density signals</article-title>
<source>Trends Plant Sci</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Clement</surname>
<given-names>C.R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mora-Urpí</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Leaf morphology of the pejibaye palm (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Esau</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía vegetal</article-title>
<source>Anatomía vegetal</source>
<year>1972</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Omega</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flores-Vindas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La planta: estructura y función</article-title>
<source>La planta: estructura y función</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Cartago </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Libro Universitario RegionalCosta Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Larcher</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Physiological plant ecology</article-title>
<source>Physiological plant ecology</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc>^eNueva York </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leite</surname>
<given-names>K.R.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Scatena</surname>
<given-names>Y V.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Anatomia do segmento foliar de espécies de Syagrus Mart. (Arecaceae) da chapada diamantina, Bahia, Brasil</article-title>
<source>Sitientibus Sér. Ciên. Biol</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mathew</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Water relations of coconut palm affected by root (wilt) disease</article-title>
<source>J. Plantation Crops</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mora Urpí</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gainza E</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Palmito de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): su cultivo e industrialización</article-title>
<source>Palmito de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): su cultivo e industrialización</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>M.A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>de M.L.A</surname>
<given-names>Bovi</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>E.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gomes</surname>
<given-names>M.M.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Habermann</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodrigues</surname>
<given-names>J.D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt">Fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração em pupunheira sob deficiência hídrica</article-title>
<source>Sci. Agr</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Percy</surname>
<given-names>R.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ehleringer</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative ecophysiology of C3 and C4 plants</article-title>
<source>Plant, Cell Environ</source>
<year>1984</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>7</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pereira Netto</surname>
<given-names>A.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gabriele</surname>
<given-names>A.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>H.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae - faboideae) related to water and energy balance</article-title>
<source>Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rebollar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía y usos de las hojas maduras de tres especies de Sabal (Arecaceae) de la Península de Yucatán, México</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>51</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Prychid</surname>
<given-names>C.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rudall</surname>
<given-names>P.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Calcium oxalate crystals in monocotyledons: a review of their structure and systematics</article-title>
<source>Ann. Bot.-London</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salzman</surname>
<given-names>V.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Judd</surname>
<given-names>W.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A revision of the Greater Antillean species of Bactris (Bactridinae: Arecaceae)</article-title>
<source>Brittonia</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>47</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schlüter</surname>
<given-names>U.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Furch</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Joly</surname>
<given-names>C.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Physiological and anatomical by young Astrocaryum jauari Mart. (Arecaceae) in periodically inundated biotopes of Central Amazonia</article-title>
<source>Biotropica</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shibles</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Villalobos</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fotosíntesis</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Fisiología de la producción de los cultivos tropicales: Fascículo 1. Procesos fisiológicos básicos</article-title>
<source>Fisiología de la producción de los cultivos tropicales: Fascículo 1. Procesos fisiológicos básicos</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stauffer</surname>
<given-names>F.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Asmussen</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Endress</surname>
<given-names>P.K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A revision of Asterogyne (Arecaceae: Arecoideae: Geonomeae)</article-title>
<source>Brittonia</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tichá</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Photosynthetic characteristics during ontogenesis of leaves: 7. stomata density and sizes</article-title>
<source>Photosynthetica</source>
<year>1982</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tomlinson</surname>
<given-names>P.B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The structural biology of palms</article-title>
<source>The structural biology of palms</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Oxford </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Clarendon Oxford</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tucci</surname>
<given-names>M.L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bovi</surname>
<given-names>M.L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Machado</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spiering</surname>
<given-names>S.H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Stomatal frequency and size in leaves of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth)</article-title>
<source>Acta Hort</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>516</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zobel</surname>
<given-names>D.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>V.T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Leaf-conductance patterns of seven palms in a common environment</article-title>
<source>Bot. Ga</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>141</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zona</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Raphides in palm embryos and their systematic distribution</article-title>
<source>Ann. Bot.-London</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Clima de Campinas</article-title>
<source>Clima de Campinas</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Campinas </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Cidade Universitária &quot;Zeferino Vaz&quot;</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200042</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nomenclatural problems among Thysanoptera (Insecta) of Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Goldarazena</surname>
<given-names>Arturo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>Laurence A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>zur Strassen</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario Departamento de Producción y Protección Vegetal E- </institution>
<addr-line>Vitoria </addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CSIRO Entomology  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Germany</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>961</fpage>
<lpage>968</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200042&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We present data to argue that several recent papers on the Thysanoptera of Costa Rica are affected by unsatisfactory technical procedures, including failure to recognize intraspecific structural variation. Fourteen new synonyms are recognized for Costa Rica Thysanoptera, nine generic and five specific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 961-968. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Presentamos datos para apoyar nuestro argumento de que varios artículos recientes sobre los Thysanoptera de Costa Rica se han visto afectados por procedimientos técnicos insatisfactorios, incluyendo el no reconocer la variación estructural intraespecífica. Presentamos nueve sinonimias en los tisanópteros de Costa Rica: nueve a nivel de género y cinco a nivel de especie.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Variation</kwd>
<kwd>taxonomy</kwd>
<kwd>identification</kwd>
<kwd>systematic relationships</kwd>
<kwd>variación</kwd>
<kwd>taxonomía</kwd>
<kwd>identificación</kwd>
<kwd>relaciones sistemáticas</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bhatti</surname>
<given-names>J.S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Systematics of Anaphothrips Uzel 1895 sensu latu and some related genera</article-title>
<source>Senck. Biol</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>59</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boyd</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Held</surname>
<given-names>D.W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Androthrips ramachandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): an introduced thrips in the United States</article-title>
<source>Fla Ent</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>89</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Borbón</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Desertathrips chuquiraga gen. et sp.n. (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Argentina</article-title>
<source>Zootaxa</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1751</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garita-Cambronero</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lizano-Fallas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determinación de dimorfismo sexual de Gynaikothrips garitacombroneroi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) inductor de agallas en Ficus benjamina</article-title>
<source>Métodos Ecología Sistemática</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gaston</surname>
<given-names>K.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Taxonomy, hypothesistesting and the biodiversity crisis</article-title>
<source>Proc. Roy. Soc., London</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>B251</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoddle</surname>
<given-names>M.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rugman-Jones</surname>
<given-names>P.F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stouthamer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Synonomy of five Mexican Scirtothrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) described from Avocados (Persea americana)</article-title>
<source>Fla Ent</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>91</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johansen</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mojica-Guzman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">A review of the Tribe Humboldthripini Johansen (Insecta, Thysanoptera: Thripidae)</article-title>
<source>Folia entomologica Mexicana</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>93</volume>
<issue>1996</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johansen</surname>
<given-names>R.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mojica-Guzman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The genus Scirtothrips Shull, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae, Sericothripini), in Mexico</article-title>
<source>Fol. Ent. Mexicana</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>104</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heming</surname>
<given-names>B.S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Palmer</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic relationships between the families of recent Thysanoptera</article-title>
<source>Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>69</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marullo</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction</article-title>
<source>Mem. Entomol. International</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Minaei</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Australian insects of the Haplothrips lineage (Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae)</article-title>
<source>J. Nat. Hist</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>zur Strassen</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The genus Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Mexico: a critique of the review by Johansen &amp; Mojica-Guzmán (1998)</article-title>
<source>Fol. Ent. Mexicana</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>40</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakahara</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Review of the Nearctic species of Anaphothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)</article-title>
<source>Ins. Mundi</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Okajima</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera)</article-title>
<source>The Insects of Japan</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palmer</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Thrips from Pakistan to the Pacific: a review</article-title>
<source>Bull.Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Entom.)</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>61</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Palmer</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">New World Thripidae (Thysanoptera) with nine-segmented antennae</article-title>
<source>Zool. J. Linn. Soc</source>
<year>1985</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Priesner</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Genera Thysanopterorum: Keys for the identification of the genera of the order Thysanoptera</article-title>
<source>Bull. Soc. Roy. Ent. d’Egypte</source>
<year>1949</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Revision y filogenia del grupo generico Pseudothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)</article-title>
<source>Brenesia</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Variación morfológica del complejo Gynaikothrips uzeli-ficorum (Phlaeothripidae: Tubulifera)</article-title>
<source>Métodos Ecología Sistemática</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los tisanópteros del grupo genérico Anaphothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), con énfasis en América Central</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hacia una lógica simple en la determinación dc grupos biológicos: la especie y los grupos supraespecíficos</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Retana-Salazar</surname>
<given-names>A.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Soto-Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Revisión taxonómica del grupo Haplothrips-Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)</article-title>
<source>Rev. Biol. Trop</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>55</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sakimura</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Redescriptions of Anaphothrips orchidaceus and A. orchidearum (Thysanoptera: Thripdae)</article-title>
<source>Fla Ent</source>
<year>1967</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>50</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sakimura</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O’Neill</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Frankliniella, redefinition of genus and revision of minuta group of species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)</article-title>
<source>Tech. Bul. U.S. Dept Agric</source>
<year>1979</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1572</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stannard</surname>
<given-names>L.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The second species of Psectrothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)</article-title>
<source>Entomological News</source>
<year>1951</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>62</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stannard</surname>
<given-names>L.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois</article-title>
<source>Bull. Illin. Nat. Hist. Surv</source>
<year>1968</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tyagi</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sexual dimorphism among Thysanoptera Terebrantia, with a new species from Malaysia and remarkable species from India in Aeolothripidae and Thripidae</article-title>
<source>Insect Syst. Evol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>zur Strassen</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de">Die Terebranten Thysanopteren Europas und des Mittelmeer-Gebietes</article-title>
<source>Die Tierwelt Deutschlands</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>74</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mound</surname>
<given-names>L.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World - a checklist</article-title>
<source>Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World - a checklist</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pests and Diseases Images Library</article-title>
<source>Pests and Diseases Images Library</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200043</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los felinos: ¿Una alternativa en estudios de toxicología genética?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>Ana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>Belinda C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>María L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Batista-González</surname>
<given-names>Cecilia M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Luna-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>Jaime</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Andrés</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Ávila</surname>
<given-names>José L</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A06"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>Guillermo M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Instituto de Investigación en Odontología</institution>
<addr-line>Guadalajara Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina</institution>
<addr-line>Guadalajara Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias </institution>
<addr-line>Guadalajara Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Laboratorio de Mutagénesis</institution>
<addr-line>Guadalajara Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution>,Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Dirección General de Vida Silvestre Centro para la Conservación e Investigación de la Vida Silvestre</institution>
<addr-line>Guadalajara Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A06">
<institution>,Zoológico Guadalajara y Zoológico Puerto Vallarta  </institution>
<addr-line> Jalisco</addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>969</fpage>
<lpage>974</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Felines: an alternative in genetic toxicology studies? The micronuclei (MN) test carry out in peripheral blood is fast, simple, economic and it is used to detect genotoxic environmental agents. MN are fragments of chromosomes or complete chromosomes remaining in the cytoplasm after cell division, which increase when organisms are exposed to genotoxic agents. Therefore, species with the highest values of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) are the most suitable to be potentials biomonitor of micronucleogenic agents, using a drop of blood. Nine species of Felines that present spontaneous MNE in peripheral blood are shown. From these species, the cat has been previously proven, with positive results and also lion (Panthera leo), yaguaroundi (Felis yagoaroundi), lynx (Lynx ruffus), jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), tiger (Panthera tigris), ocelote (Felis padalis) and leopard (Panthera pardus) display spontaneous MNE, and with this characteristic this Family can be propose like a potential group to be used in toxicogenetic studies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 969-974. Epub 2008 June 30.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La prueba de micronúcleos (MN) en sangre periférica es rápida, sencilla, económica y sirve para detectar genotóxicos ambientales. Los MN son fragmentos de cromosomas o cromosomas completos que por alguna causa quedan fuera del núcleo en mitosis, pero que incrementan significativamente cuando los organismos que los presentan de manera espontánea se exponen a genotóxicos. Por lo tanto, el requisito para que una especie pueda ser utilizada para esta prueba es que presente eritrocitos micronucleados espontáneos (EMNe), con lo que estas especies pueden ser potenciales bioindicadores de genotóxicos micronucleogénicos, con sólo una gota de su sangre. En el presente articulo es mostramos 9 especies de felinos que como característica general presentan EMNe. Del total de especies de felinos, el gato ha sido previamente probado, con resultados positivos y ya que también el león, yaguaroundi, lince, jaguar, puma, tigre de bengala, ocelote y leopardo presentan EMNe, esta familia puede ser propuesta como un grupo potencialmente adecuado para estudios de toxicogenética. En otras palabras, cada una de estas especies puede llegar a ser un modelo potencial para determinar exposición a genotóxicos en nuestro entorno, de una manera sencilla y rápida.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Felines</kwd>
<kwd>micronuclei</kwd>
<kwd>biomonitor</kwd>
<kwd>genotoxicity</kwd>
<kwd>erythrocytes</kwd>
<kwd>peripheral blood</kwd>
<kwd>Felinos</kwd>
<kwd>micronúcleos</kwd>
<kwd>bioindicador</kwd>
<kwd>genotoxicidad</kwd>
<kwd>eritrocitos</kwd>
<kwd>sangre periférica</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Afshari</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McGregor</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fuscoe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Centromere analysis of micronuclei induced by 2-aminoanthraquinone in cultured mouse splenocytes using both a gamma -satellite DNA probe and antikinetochore antibody</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Blank-Hamer</surname>
<given-names>I.J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El maravilloso mundo de los gatos</article-title>
<source>El maravilloso mundo de los gatos</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Continental</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Corazza</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ginaldi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zoli</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frisoni</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lalli</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gasbarrini</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quaglino</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Howell-Jolly body counting as a measure of splenic function, a ressesment</article-title>
<source>Clin. Lab. Haematol</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hart</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hartley-Asp</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Induction of micronuclei in the mouse: revised timing of the final stage of erythropoiesis</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>120</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hayashi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morita</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kodama</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sofuni</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ishidate</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The micronuclei assay with mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes using acridine orangecoated slides</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>245</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Heddle</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lue</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saunder</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benz</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sensitivity to five mutagens in Fanconi’s anemia as a measure by the micronucleus method</article-title>
<source>Cancer. Res</source>
<year>1978</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>38</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Heddle</surname>
<given-names>J.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hite</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kirkhart</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mavournin</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>MacGregor</surname>
<given-names>J.T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Newell</surname>
<given-names>G.W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salamone</surname>
<given-names>M.F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity: A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-tox Program</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>123</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McDonald</surname>
<given-names>G.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cruickshank</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Atlas de Hematología</article-title>
<source>Atlas de Hematología</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Panamericana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oxenham</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beynon</surname>
<given-names>P.H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>J.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Hurones</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual de Animales Exóticos</article-title>
<source>Manual de Animales Exóticos</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Hartcourt Brace</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Corona</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evidencia de micronucleogenicidad especie-específica del cloramfenicol en roedores de laboratorio</article-title>
<source>AMMVEPE</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Portilla</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cantú</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Corona</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of the micronucleus test in peripheral blood erythrocytes by use of the splenetomized model</article-title>
<source>Lab. Anim. Sci</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>49</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Ariza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nieves</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Navas</surname>
<given-names>J.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dorado</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López-Barea</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pueyo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Metal mutagenicity and biochemical studies on bivalve molluscs from Spanish coasts</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Russo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Levis</surname>
<given-names>A.G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Further evidence for the aneuploidogenic properties of chelating agents: induction of micronuclei in mouse male germ cells by EDTA</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schlegel</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>MacGregor</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Everson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Assesment of cytogenetic damage by quantitation of micronuclei in human peripheral blood erythrocytes</article-title>
<source>Cancer. Res</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>46</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schmezer</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pool</surname>
<given-names>B.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lefevre</surname>
<given-names>P.A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Callander</surname>
<given-names>R.D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ratpan</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tinwell</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ashby</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Assay-Specific genotoxicity of n-nitrosodibenzylamine to the rat liver in vivo</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>1990</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schmid</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The micronucleus test</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1975</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vaughan</surname>
<given-names>T.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mamíferos</article-title>
<source>Mamíferos</source>
<year>1988</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>^eMéxico D.F </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw Hill</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yamamoto</surname>
<given-names>K.I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kikuchi</surname>
<given-names>Y.A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of diameters of micronuclei induced by clastogens and by spindle poisons</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1980</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fanti-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Portilla</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cantú</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Corona</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spontaneous micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes from 35 mammalian species</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>369</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Delgado-Lamas</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Loza-Saldaña</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cantú</surname>
<given-names>J.M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Micronucleated erythrocytes in splenectomized patients with and without chemotherapy</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>361</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Batista-González</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luna-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez-Ávila</surname>
<given-names>J.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Especies exóticas con micronúcleos espontáneos: alternativa para estudios de genotoxicidad</article-title>
<source>Nowet</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Batista-González</surname>
<given-names>C.M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinoza-Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Álvarez-Moya</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Induction of micronuclei in proestrus vaginal cells from colchicine-and cyclophosphamide-treated rats</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramírez-Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pérez-Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Mora</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sánchez-Corona</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Induction of micronuclei in the domestic cat (Felis domesticus) peripheral blood by colchicine and cytosine-arabinoside</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>413</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luna-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Pérez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ventura-Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>A.J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Mora</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortiz</surname>
<given-names>G.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Spontaneous micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes from 54 animal species (mammals, reptiles and birds): Part two</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>467</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ventura-Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>A. J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Mora</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ortiz</surname>
<given-names>G.G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Álvarez-Moya</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luna-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Variation of micronucleated erythrocytes in peripheral blood of Sciurus aureogaster in relation to age: an increment of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes after the administration of colchicine</article-title>
<source>Environ. Mol. Mutagen</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zúñiga-González</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Torres-Bugarín</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zamora-Perez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gómez-Meda</surname>
<given-names>B.C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Ibarra</surname>
<given-names>M.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez-González</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>González-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Luna-Aguirre</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramos-Mora</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ontiveros-Lira</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallegos-Arreola</surname>
<given-names>M.P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Differences in the number of micronucleated erythrocytes among young and adult animals including humans: Spontaneous micronuclei in 43 species</article-title>
<source>Mutat. Res</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>494</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200044</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Margaret B. Gargiullo, Barbara Magnuson, Larry Kimball: 2008. Field Guide to Plants of Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez</surname>
<given-names>Luis D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Jardín Botánico Wilson  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>975</fpage>
<lpage>976</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200044&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200045</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Isidro Chacón Gamboa, José Montero: 2007. Mariposas de Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez</surname>
<given-names>Luis D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Jardín Botánico Wilson  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>977</fpage>
<lpage>978</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0034-774420080002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista de Biología Tropical</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. biol. trop</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7744</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-77442008000200046</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Miller, J., Janzen, D. Hallwachs, W. Belknap: 2007. 100 Caterpillars</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gómez</surname>
<given-names>Luis D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Jardín Botánico Wilson  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>979</fpage>
<lpage>979</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-77442008000200046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
</articles>
