S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100001 Waterbirds and human-related threats to their conservation in Laguna Cuyutlán, Colima, México Mellink Eric Riojas-López Mónica ,Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada México ,Universidad de Guadalajara 06 2009 2009 57 1 12

Laguna Cuyutlán, the only large wetland in a span of 1 150 km along the Pacific coast of México, has been neglected as to its importance for waterbird conservation. At least 25 waterbird species nest there, with some of their colonies being very relevant, and at least 61 waterbird species use the lagoon during their nonbreeding season. This lagoon has been subject to several structural modifications, including levees and artificial channels which connect it to the sea, while water supply from continental sources has diminished, although its role has not been assessed yet. Salt extraction and artisanal fishery, the main economic activities, do not seem to pose a threat to waterbirds. Among potential threats to this acquatic ecosystem, are the raw sewage discharges that exist near urban areas, and pesticides from the surrounding agricultural lands might reach the lagoon. Seemingly, the most serious threat comes from waterway development in connection with a re-gasification plant to be built, and planned future port expansion, which could potentially increase water levels and alter important habitats for nesting and foraging. We recommend that: the area be declared an Important Bird Area; the development of the re-gasification plant and future port includes a levee to prevent alterations in water level in the remaining sections of the lagoon; supply of exogenous chemicals and waste products be prevented and monitored; alleged benefits from water interchange between the lagoon and the sea through artificial channels should be re-evaluated; and the role of fresh water supplies to the lagoon should be paid attention to. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 1-12. Epub 2009 June 30.

Laguna Cuyutlán, el único humedal grande a lo largo de 1 150 km del Pacífico mexicano, no ha sido considerado un ecosistema natural importante para la conservación de aves acuáticas. Cuando menos 25 especies de aves acuáticas anidan ahí, y al menos 61 especies de aves acuáticas la usan fuera de la temporada reproductiva. Esta laguna ha sufrido varias modificaciones estructurales, y el aporte de agua dulce ha disminuido, sin que se conozcan sus consecuencias. La extracción de sal y la pesca artesanal, las principales actividades económicas, no parecen ser riesgo para las aves acuáticas. Entre los riesgos potenciales, están las aguas negras cerca de zonas urbanas y los plaguicidas de zonas agrícolas colindantes. Aparentemente, el riesgo más serio deriva del desarrollo marítimo asociado con una planta regasificadora a construirse pronto, y del desarrollo portuario futuro, que podrían incrementar los niveles de agua en la laguna y alterar los hábitats de las aves acuáticas. Recomendamos que: el área se declare como AICA; el desarrollo futuro incluya un dique para prevenir alteraciones en el nivel del agua en el resto de la laguna; el aporte de sustancias agroquímicas y aguas negras se monitoree; se reevalúen los supuestos beneficios del intercambio de agua entre la laguna y el mar por medio de canales artificiales; y se investigue científicamente los aportes de agua dulce a la laguna.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100002 Efecto inmunosupresor de Trypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastidae) sobre la multiplicación de Toxoplasma gondii (Sarcocystidae) en macrófagos alveolares y peritoneales de rata blanca Ríos Carrera Nivia J Chinchilla Carmona Misael Guerrero Olga M Castro Castillo Alfredo ,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Departamento de Parasitología ,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED) Departamento de Investigación y Cátedra de Parasitología San José Costa Rica 06 2009 2009 57 13 22

The immunosuppressant effect of T. lewisi (Kinetoplastidae) infection on the multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii (Sarcocystidae) on alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of the white rat. The immunosuppressant effect of T. lewisi infection on the multiplication of T. gondii was compared in peritoneal (MP) and alveolar macrophages (MA) of white rat. Two animal groups were infected with T. lewisi and sacrificed after four days and seven days post infection. A group without infection was maintained as a control. The number of intracellular parasites (tachyzoites) (IT) was counted by light microscopy, calculating the rate infection rate per 100 total cells (TC) and per infected cells (IC) for each group of phagocyte cells. The relation quotient IT, TC or IC multiplied percent, provided a statistical ratio (RE) of the relative number of parasites in both cellular types for each time interval. MA as well as MP obtained after 4 days showed a significant increase in the multiplication of T. gondii with respect to the control. Unlike the MP (which had an increase in the multiplication of T. gondii the fourth day of infection with T. lewisi diminishing towards the seventh day), the MA had an increase in the multiplication of the parasite from the fourth to the seventh day. This difference can be related to the route of infection used for the experiments, that affect the MP directly with a greater effect in comparison with the MA of the lungs. Lung compartment will be affected later, when the infection becomes systemic between the fourth and sixth day of infection. The immunity against T. gondii is similar between both phagocytes, but the time of infection and the compartment where the cells are located, makes the difference in the response time against T. gondii. Supernatants from macrophage cultures or T. lewisi by rat did not induced any immunosuppression. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 13-22. Epub 2009 June 30.

El efecto inmunosupresor de la infección de T. lewisi sobre la multiplicación de T. gondii fue comparado en macrófagos peritoneales (MP) y alveolares (MA) de rata. El número de parásitos (taquizoitos) intracelulares (TI) fue contado por microscopía de luz. Los macrófagos alveolares y peritoneales (MP) de animales con 4 días de infección con T. lewisi muestran un aumento significativo en la multiplicación de T. gondii. A diferencia de los MP (que muestran un aumento en la multiplicación de T. gondii al cuarto día de infección con T. lewisi disminuyendo hacia el séptimo día), los MA mantienen un aumento en la multiplicación del parásito desde el cuarto, aumentando hacia el séptimo día de infección. Esta diferencia se puede deber a la ruta de infección utilizada para los experimentos que afectan directamente los MP donde se observa un efecto mayor y más temprano en comparación con los MA aislados de los pulmones, compartimiento afectado cuando la infección se vuelve sistémica entre el cuarto y sexto día de infección. La inmunidad contra T. gondii es similar entre ambas células fagocíticas, pero el tiempo de infección y el compartimiento donde se encuentren las células hace la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta contra un parásito dado, en nuestro caso T. gondii. No hubo evidencia de que los sobrenadantes de cultivos de macrófagos provenientes de ratas infectadas ni el lisado de tripanosomas indujeran el efecto inmunosupresor.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100003 Aislamiento reproductivo asimétrico entre Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis y Lutzomyia longipalpis (especie C2), vectores neotropicales de leishmaniasis visceral (Diptera: Pshychodidae) Arrivillaga Jazzmin Salerno Patricia Rangel Yadira ,Universidad Simón Bolívar Ecología molecular de insectos vectores Lab. de genética de poblaciones Caracas Sarteneja Venezuela ,Universidad Central de Venezuela Lab. de biología de poblaciones Caracas Venezuela 06 2009 2009 57 23 31

Asymmetric reproductive isolation between Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis and Lutzomyia longipalpis (species C2), Neotropical vectors of visceral leishmaniasis (Diptera: Pshychodidae). Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis and Lutzomyia longipalpis (species C2, L. sp n.) are two endemic species of Phlebotominae sand fly vectors from Venezuela. The two insects are sympatric and monophyletic but have deeply diverging, morphological differences. They belong to the L. longipalpis complex. A study of their reproductive isolation is necessary to understand the process of speciation and maintenance of the two sister species as two discrete taxonomic and biological entities. Cross-mating tests were conducted (homo and hetero-specific) and monitored under two criteria: biological (presence of copulation and offspring) and genetic (using two isozymic markers diagnostic for the L. longipalpis complex; enzyme diagnosis AK and HK). Results indicate reproductive isolation, with an asymmetrical genetic exchange in a direction of hybridization between the two species under experimental conditions, and production of a low number of heterozygotes. These findings support the existence of negative selection on hybrids, and explain the absence of hybrids under natural conditions, in the sympatric locality. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 23-31. Epub 2009 June 30.

Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis y Lutzomyia longipalpis (especie C2, L. n. sp) son dos especies de flebotominos vectores endémicos de Venezuela, simpátricas, monofiléticas, con profundas divergencias, morfológicamente diferentes y pertenecientes al complejo de especies L. longipalpis. El estudio de su aislamiento reproductivo es clave para entender el proceso de especiación y el mantenimiento de estas dos especies hermanas como entidades taxonómicas y biológicas discretas. Por tal motivo, se realizaron ensayos de entrecruzamiento homo y heteroespecíficos, los cuales fueron monitoreados por dos criterios: biológico (presencia de cópula y progenie) y genético (utilizando dos marcadores isoenzimáticos diagnósticos para el complejo L. longipalpis, las enzimas AK y HK). Los resultados indican aislamiento reproductivo, con un intercambio genético asimétrico hacia la hibridización en condiciones experimentales, y producción de un bajo número de heterocigotos, lo que apoya la existencia de selección negativa sobre los híbridos y explica su ausencia en condiciones naturales en la localidad simpátrica.

 Lutzomyia longipalpis complex Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis reproductive isolation complejo Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis aislamiento reproductivo Phlebotominae especiación simpatría Venezuela Arrivillaga J Feliciangeli M.D Diferenciación morfológica larval entre poblaciones de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) en Venezuela (Diptera: Psychodidae) Bol. Entomol. Venez 2000 15 Arrivillaga J Rangel Y Oviedo M Feliciangeli M.D Genetic divergence among Venezuelan populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) J. Med. Entomol 2000 37 Arrivillaga J Feliciangeli M.D Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis: the first new species within the longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) complex from La Rinconada, Curarigua, Lara State, Venezuela J. Med. Entomol 2001 38 Arrivillaga J.C Norris D.E Feliciangeli M.D Lanzaro G.C Phylogeography of the neotropical sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences Infect. Genet. 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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100004 Cyanobacteria abundance and its relationship to water quality in the Mid-Cross River floodplain, Nigeria Okechukwu I Okogwu O Ugwumba Alex ,Ebonyi State University Applied Biology Department Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria ,University of Ibadan Zoology Department Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria 06 2009 2009 57 33 43

The physicochemical variables and cyanobacteria of Mid-Cross River, Nigeria, were studied in six stations between March 2005 and August 2006 to determine the relationship between water quality and cyanobacteria abundance. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen, pH, water velocity, width and depth were important environmental factors that influenced cyanobacteria abundance. Trace metals, phosphate and nitrate increased significantly from values of previous studies indicating increased eutrophication of the river but were weakly correlated with cyanobacteria abundance and could be scarcely regarded as regulating factors. A higher cyanobacteria abundance was recorded during the wet season in most of the sampled stations. The dominant cyanobacteria included Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Oscillatoria limnetica and Anabaena spiroides. The toxins produced by these species could degrade water quality. The factors favouring cyanobacteria abundance were identified as increased pH, width and depth. Increase in cyanobacteria abundance was associated with reduction in dissolved oxygen and increase in BOD values. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 33-43. Epub 2009 June 30.

Las variables físico-químicas y la abundancia de cianobacterias del río nigeriano Mid-Cross fueron estudiadas en seis estaciones entre marzo del 2005 y agosto del 2006. El Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica (CCA) demostró que la demanda biológica de oxígeno (DBO), oxígeno disuelto, pH, velocidad de agua, anchura y profundidad son factores ambientales importantes que influyen en la abundancia de cianobacterias. Los mayores valores de trazas de metales, fosfatos y nitratos, en comparación con estudios previos, indican mayor eutrofización, pero tienen poca correlación con la abundancia de las cianobacterias. La mayor abundancia de cianobacterias se registró durante el periodo más húmedo de la estación seca en la mayoría de las estaciones de muestreo. Las cianobacterias dominantes incluyen Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon flos-Aquae, Oscillatoria limnetica y Anabaena spiroide. Las toxinas producidas por estas especies podrían degradar la calidad del agua. Los factores que favorecen la abundancia de cianobacterias fueron identificados como el aumento de pH, ancho y profundidad. El aumento de la abundancia se asoció con una reducción de oxígeno disuelto y un aumento de los valores de DBO.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100005 Carga bacteriana de los peces Cynoscion squamipinnis (Perciformes: Scianidae) y Lutjanus gutattus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) en la cadena de comercialización, Costa Rica Marín Carolina Fonseca Cristian Arias Sidey Villegas Irene García Andrea Ishihara Hikaru ,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Estación de Biología Marina 06 2009 2009 57 45 52

Bacteriological load of the fishes Cynoscion squamipinnis and Lutjanus gutattus in the marketing chain, Costa Rica. To determine the bacteriological quality of fishery products in the different stages from commercialization, monthly samples were taken during March 2004 and February 2006 from a Costa Rica marketing chain. Microbiological analyses were made to determine total coliforms (CT), faecal coliforms (CF), Escherichia coli (EC), aerobic total count (RTA), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three body zones were analyzed: skin, belly and muscle. There were differences in the amount of CT between parts: skin had the highest counts, 11% of samples were identified as E. coli. and 2.5% of total counts were higher than the legal limit. Only 1.3% of the samples were S. aureus-positive. Salmonella sp., V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were absent. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 45-52. Epub 2009 June 30.

Con el fin de determinar la calidad bacteriológica de los productos pesqueros en las diferentes etapas de comercialización, desde marzo del 2004 y hasta febrero del 2006, recolectamos muestras mensuales y realizamos análisis microbiológicos para determinar coliformes totales (CT), coliformes fecales (CF), Escherichia coli, recuento total aerobio (RTA), Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae y Vibrio parahaemolyticus en la piel, el vientre y la carne de los productos. Hubo diferencias en la cantidad de CT encontrada entre las diferentes zonas corporales muestreadas, siendo la piel la zona con mayor conteo. En el 11% de las muestras identificamos E. coli y el 2.5% de los recuentos totales superaron los límites máximos aceptados. Salmonella sp., V. cholerae y V. parahaemolyticus estuvieron ausentes, mientras que sólo el 1.3% de las muestras fueron positivas para S. aureus.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100006 Crecimiento y mortalidad de la madreperla Pinctada mazatlanica en poblaciones naturales del litoral oriental de Baja California Sur, México Wright-López Humberto Holguín-Quiñones Oscar Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco Roque-Villada Irene ,Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-IPN La Paz Baja California Sur México 06 2009 2009 57 53 61

Growth and mortality of the mother-of-pearl Pinctada mazatlanica in natural populations of the east coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The Mexican Pacific mother-of-pearl Pinctada mazatlanica was placed in forbidden fisheries status for the Mexican Federal Government and considered in extinction danger since 1939. This decree was modified in 1994 to allow the capture of spat for research or marine culture. We estimated the growth and mortality of mother-of-pearl from the eastern littoral of South Baja California wild stock in the periods 1992-93 and 1997-99. We used 38 sample stations at 2 bays and 6 insular complexes. The maximum length was 187.22 mm (179.83-195.81 mm, P > 0.95). Seasonal von Bertalanffy growth (ELEFAN I routine) values are:<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=17> = 193.31 mm, k = 0.54 year-1, t0 = -0.1805 year, C = 0.49 and WP = 0.75. The growth performance index was <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/signo.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=15>’ = 4.305. The total mortality was calculated from a length-converted catch curve Z = 2.03 año-1. Length-weight relationship W(i) = 0.0005418 * L(i)2.7301. The growth parameters were similar to those for Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingi (open ocean wild stocks). The wild stock oysters differ from culture individuals at experimental repopulation conditions in Paz Bay. The total mortality is similar to that for Pinctada radiata in the Red Sea. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 53-61. Epub 2009 June 30.

La madreperla Pinctada mazatlanica esta en veda desde 1939 y considerada en peligro de extinción, cambiando su categoría a protección especial en 1994. El presente estudio estima su crecimiento y mortalidad en bancos naturales en el periodo 1992-93 y 1997-99. Se registró el alto de la concha de ostras en poblaciones desde el paralelo 28º a 23º LN del litoral oriental de Baja California Sur, abarcando 38 estaciones, 2 bahías y 6 islas. La longitud máxima estimada fue 187.22mm (179.83-195.81mm, P > 0.95). Las frecuencias de longitud se ordenaron en un "año virtual". Los parámetros de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy estimados con el programa ELEFAN I fueron: <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=14 > o = 193.31mm, k=0.54año-1, t0= -0.1805 años, C=0.49 y WP=0.75; el índice de desempeño del crecimiento fue<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/signo.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=15>’=4.305. La mortalidad total fue de Z=2.03 año-1 por longitud convertida a curva de captura. La regresión peso total y la altura tuvo la expresión W(i)=0.0005418 * L(i)2.7301. Los parámetros de crecimiento fueron similares a los de Pinctada margaritifera de bancos de mar abierto y diferentes a aquellos de ostras perleras en repoblamiento en bahía de La Paz. La mortalidad mostró valores parecidos a los estimados para Pinctada radiata del Mar Rojo.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100007 Reproducción, dieta y pesquería del pulpo Octopus (Octopus) hubbsorum (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) en la costa de Oaxaca, México Alejo-Plata Maria del Carmen Gómez-Márquez José Luis Ramos Carrillo Samuel Herrera- Galindo Jorge Eduardo ,Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Ángel Ciudad Universitaria Oaxaca México ,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza México 06 2009 2009 57 63 78

Reproduction, diet and fishery of Octopus (Octopus) hubbsorum (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. The octopus Octopus hubbsorum (Berry 1953) ranges widely and is important for the artisanal fishery in Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samples were taken approximately at every two weeks from January 2002 to November 2003. All organisms were measured for dorsal mantle length (DLM) and total weight; sex and maturity gonadic stage were registered. For the stomach content analysis, frequency of occurrence and emptying indexes were used. The 352 organisms caught ranged from 4 to 18 cm in DLM; the sex ratio was different from 1 (X² = 24.2, p<0.05) throughout the year. The maximum values of the GSI appeared in May (4.1917 for females; 1.2675 in males). LDM for first sexual maturity (LDM50%) was 16 cm (females) and 14 cm (males). Octopus hubbsorum moves from deep waters to the coast, probably in search of better conditions, and lays masses of eggs on rocky substrata. They are fished from March to October, with higher intensity in April and May. Fishing effort was related to the oceanographic characteristics and the atmospheric conditions of the area. From April to September the CPUE monthly mean was 20-10 kg/divers/day. Using the CPUE and environmental condition relationship, the estimated adequate superficial temperature for fishing is 29.5 °C. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 63-78. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se analizan algunos aspectos de la biología y pesquería de Octopus hubbsorum capturado por pesca artesanal en Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, México. Las muestras se obtuvieron de enero 2002 a noviembre 2003 con una periodicidad quincenal. A cada uno de los organismos se les registró la longitud dorsal del manto (LDM), peso total, sexo y estado de madurez gonádica. Asímismo se obtuvo el Índice Gonadosomático (IGS). Para el análisis del contenido estomacal se utilizaron los índices de frecuencia de presencia y vaciado. Se analizaron 352 organismos, con un intervalo de tallas de 4 a 19 cm LDM; la proporción de sexos fue diferente de 1 (.2= 24.2, p<0.05) todo el año. Los valores máximos del IGS se presentaron en mayo (4.1917 hembras; 1.2675 machos). La LDM de primera madurez sexual para las hembras es de 16 cm (machos 14 cm). Octopus hubbsorum viaja a la costa con el fin de colocar las masas de huevos sobre sustratos rocosos y probablemente en busca de condiciones más adecuadas que a mayores profundidades. La pesca se realiza todo el año con un incremento en las capturas de marzo a octubre, con mayor intensidad en abril y mayo. El esfuerzo de pesca se encuentra relacionado con las características oceanográficas y las condiciones atmosféricas de la zona. De abril a septiembre la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE) promedio mensual varió entre 10 y 20 kg/buzo/día. A partir de la relación entre la CPUE y las variables ambientales, se estimó una temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) óptima, la cual es de 29.5 °C para la captura de esta especie.

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Biol 2005 147 Roper C.F.E Sweeney M.J Huchberg F.G Fisher W Krupp F Schneider W Somer C Carpenter K.E Niem V.H Cephalopodos Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca: Pacifico centro-oriental Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca: Pacifico centro-oriental 1995 Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación Anuario Estadístico de Pesca 2000 Anuario Estadístico de Pesca 2000 2001 Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación Salgado-Barragán J Hendrickx E.M Los Stomatópodos (Crustacea: Hoplocarida) del Pacífico Mexicano An. Inst. Cienc. Mar y Limnol., U.N.A.M., Publicaciones especiales 1991 10 Sánchez P Obarti R Okutani T O´Dor R.K Kubodera T The biology and fishery of Octopus vulgaris caught with clay pots on the Spanish Mediterranean coast Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology 1993 University Tokio Pesquerías Mexicanas: Estrategias para su administración Pesquerías Mexicanas: Estrategias para su administración 1987 Secretaría de Pesca Estadísticas pesqueras básicas Estadísticas pesqueras básicas 1994 Secretaría de Pesca, Dirección General de Informática, Estadística y Documentación Smith C.D Diet of Octopus vulgaris in False Bay, South Africa Mar. 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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100008 Growth and mortality rates of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus (Perciformes: Scombridae) in the central Atlantic Ocean Zhu Guoping Xu Liuxiong Zhou Yingqi Chen Xinjun ,Shanghai Ocean University College of Marine Sciences The Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Oceanic Fisheries Resources Exploitation China ,Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources China ,Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources 06 2009 2009 57 79 88

Age and growth parameters were estimated for bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839 sampled from China longline fisheries in the central Atlantic Ocean from October 2002 to July 2003 and from August 2004 to March 2005. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated at L8=217.9 cm fork length, k=0.23 year-1, and t0=-0.44 year. The total mortality rate (Z) was estimated to be from 0.82 to 1.02, the fishing mortality (F) and the natural mortality were 0.54 year-1 and 0.39 year-1, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.35. This study provides the detailed estimates of growth and mortality rate for bigeye tuna in the central Atlantic Ocean, which can be used as biological input parameters in further stock evaluations in this region. However, age analysis, additional validation of the size composition and stock structure are needed for future studies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 79-88. Epub 2009 June 30.

 bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus growth mortality the central Atlantic Ocean size frequency analysis length-weight relationship Alves A de Barros P Pinho M.R Age and growth of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus captured in the Madeira archipielago Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1998 48 Appeldoom R.S The effect of size on mortality of small juvenile conchs (Strombus gigas L. and S. costatus G.) J. shellfish Res 1984 4 Appeldoom R.S Age determination, growth, mortality and age of first reproduction in adult queen conch, Strombus gigas L., off Puerto Rico Fish. Res 1988 6 Beverton R.J.H Holt S.J On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations 1957 London Chapman & Hall Cayré P Diouf T Growth of Atlantic bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) according to tagging results Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1984 20 Champagnat C Pianet R Croissance du patudo (Thunnus obesus) dans les régions de Dakar et de Pointe Noire Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1974 2 Delgado de Molina A Santana J.C Estimacion de la edad y crecimiento del patudo (Thunnus obesus, Lowe, 1933) capturado en las islas Canarias Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1986 25 Draganik B Pelczarski W Growth and age of bigeye and yellowfin tuna in the central Atlantic as per data gathered by R/V "Wieczno" Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1984 20 Fagundes L Arfelli C.A Amorim A.F Parâmetros de crescimento e de mortalidade da albacora-bandolim, Thunnus obesus, capturada no litoral sudeste-suldo Brasil (1977-1995) Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo 2001 27 Farley J.H Clear N.P Leroy B Davis T.L McPherson G Age, growth and preliminary estimates of maturity of bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, in the Australian region Mar. Freshwater Res 2006 57 Gaikov V.V Chur V.N Zharov V.L Yu Fedoseev P On age and growth of the Atlantic bigeye tuna Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1980 9 Gayanilo Jr F.C Sparre P Pauly D FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT) User's Guide: FAO Computerized information Series (Fisheries) No 8 FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT) User's Guide: FAO Computerized information Series (Fisheries) No 8 1994 Rome FAO Hallier J.P Stéquert B Maury O Bard F.X Growth of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from tagging recapture data and otolith readings Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 2005 57 Kume S Joseph J Size composition, growth and sexual maturity of bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe), from the Japanese longline fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean Bull. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm 1966 11 Lessa R Duarte-Neto P Age and growth of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western equatorial Atlantic, using dorsal fin spines Fish. Res 2004 69 Marcille J Stéquert B Croissance des jeunes albacores (Thunnus albacares) et patudos (Thunnus obesus) de la côte nord-ouest de Madagascar Cah. ORSTOM sér. Océanogr 1976 14 Marcille J Champagnat C Armada N Croissance du patudo (Thunnus obesus) de l’océan Atlantique intertropical oriental Doc. Sci. Cent. Rech. Oceanogr. Abidjan 1978 9 Miyabe N On the growth of yellowfin and bigeye tunas estimated from the tagging results Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1984 20 Munro J.L Yields from coral reef fisheries Fishbyte 1984 2 Mytilineou C Sardá F Age and growth of Nephrops norvegicus in the Catalan Sea, using length-frequency analysis Fish. Res 1995 23 Pauly D On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks ICES J. Mar. Sci 1980 39 Pauly D Length-converted catch curve: A powerful tool for fisheries research in the tropics (Part I) Fishbyte 1983 1 Pauly D On the Sex of the Fish and the Gender of Scientists: A collection of essays in fisheries science On the Sex of the Fish and the Gender of Scientists: A collection of essays in fisheries science 1994 London Chapman & Hall Pauly D Pauly D Morgan G.R A review of the ELEFAN system for analysis of length frequency data in fish and invertebrates Proceedings of the Length-based Methods in Fisheries Research Conference Proceedings of the Length-based Methods in Fisheries Research Conference 1987 Manila^ePhilippines ICLARM Pauly D Munro J.L A simple method for comparing the growth of fishes and invertebrates Fishbyte 1984 1 Pereira J Observations sur le sex ratio du patudo (Thunnus obesus) aux Acores Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1985 23 Potts J.C Manooch C.S Estimated ages of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data and a comparison of growth parameters Fish. Bull 2002 100 Ricker W.R Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish population Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can 1975 191 Sainsbury K.J Population dynamics and fishery management of the paua, Holiotis iris I: Population structure, growth, reproduction, and mortality New Zeal. J. Mar. Fresh 1982 16 Shomura R.S Keala B.A Growth and sexua dimorphism in growth of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), a preliminary report FAO Fish. Rep 1963 6 Sparre P Venema S.C Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, part I- Manual FAO Fish. Tech. Pap 1992 306 Stéquert B Conand F Preliminary studies of age and growth of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the western indian Ocean IOTC Proceedings 2000 3 Suda A Kume S Survival and recruitment of bigeye in the Pacific Ocean, estimated by the data of tuna longline catch Nankai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. Rep 1967 25 Sun C.L Huang C.L Yeh S.Z Age and growth of the bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, in the western Pacific Ocean Fish. Bull 2001 99 Weber E An analysis of Atlantic bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) growth Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 1980 9 Wootton R.J Ecology of Teleost Fishes Ecology of Teleost Fishes 1998 Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100009 Spatial and temporal characterization of fish assemblages in a tropical coastal system influenced by freshwater inputs: northwestern Yucatan peninsula Arceo-Carranza Daniel Vega-Cendejas Ma. Eugenia ,CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Mérida Mérida Yucatán México 06 2009 2009 57 89 103

Coastal lagoons are important systems for freshwater, estuarine and marine organisms; they are considered important zones of reproduction, nursery and feeding for many fish species. The present study investigates the fish assemblages of the natural reserve of Dzilam and their relationship with the hydrologic variables. A total of 6 474 individuals (81 species) were collected, contributing with more than 50% considering the Importance Value Index (IVI), Sphoeroides testudineus, Fundulus persimilis, Anchoa mitchilli, Eucinostomus gula, Eucinostomus argenteus and Mugil trichodon. Differences in species composition were found between seasons the highest during the cold fronts. Spatially, differences were related with the presence of freshwater seeps, the highest in the ecological characterized eastern part and the lowest with higher difference in specific composition located in the western part of the internal zone, due to a higher abundance and dominance of L. rhomboides. Salinity and temperature were the variables that presented a higher influence in the distribution of some pelagic species such as A. mitchilli and A. hepsetus. Because of the abundant freshwater seeps characteristic of the coastal lagoons of Yucatan Peninsula their community structure and fish assemblage display spatial and temporal differences in specific composition. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 89-103. Epub 2009 June 30.

Las lagunas costeras son sistemas importantes para muchas especies de organismos dulceacuícolas, estuarinos y marinos, ya que son consideradas zonas de reproducción, refugio y alimentación de muchas especies de peces. El presente estudio analizó los ensamblajes de la comunidad íctica de la reserva de Dzilam y su relación con las variables hidrológicas. Se capturaron un total de 6 474 individuos (81 especies), en donde Sphoeroides testudineus, Fundulus persimilis, Anchoa mitchilli, Eucinostomus gula, Eucinostomus argenteus and Mugil trichodon contribuyeron con más del 50% del Indice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). Las diferencias en composición de especies se encontraron entre temporadas, la mayor durante los nortes. Espacialmente, las diferencias fueron relacionadas con la presencia de afloramientos de agua dulce, la mayor en la zona Este de la laguna y la menor con mayor diferencia en composición específica se localizó en la parte Oeste de la zona interna, esto debido a la gran abundancia y dominancia de una sola especie (L. rhomboides). La salinidad y la temperatura fueron las variables que presentaron la mayor influencia en la distribución de algunas especies pelágicas como son A. mitchilli y A. hepsetus. Debido a la abundancia de afloramientos de agua dulce, característicos de las lagunas costeras de la Península de Yucatán, los ensamblajes de peces muestran diferencias espaciales y temporales en la composición específica.

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Series 1988 46 Clarke KR Gorley R PRIMER V5: User Manual/ Tutorial PRIMER V5: User Manual/ Tutorial 2001 PRIMER-E Plymouth Clarke KR Warwick RM Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation 2001 2 Plymouth Natural Environment Research Council, Plymouth Marine Laboratory De La Cruz AG ANACOM: Sistema para el Análisis de Comunidades en computadoras personales. Versión 3.0. Manual del usuario ANACOM: Sistema para el Análisis de Comunidades en computadoras personales. Versión 3.0. Manual del usuario 1994 Yucatán CINVESTAVIPN, Unidad Mérida Francis M Hurst R McArdle B Bagley N Anderson O New Zeland demersal fish assemblages Env. Biol. Fish 2002 65 Gray C. A Chick R.C McElligott D.J Diel changes in assemblages of fishes associated with shallow seagrass and bare sand Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 1998 46 Harrison D.T Whitfield A.K Estuarine typology and the structuring of fish communities in South Africa Env. Biol. Fish 2006 75 Herrera-Silveira J.A Ramírez R.J Zaldivar A Overview and characterization of the hydrology and primary producer communities of selected coastal lagoons of Yucatan, México Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1998 1 Jenkins GP May HMA Wheatley MJ Holloway MG Comparison of fish assemblages associated with seagrass and adjacent unvegetated habitats of Port Phillip Bay and Corner Inlet, Victoria, Australia, with emphasis on commercial species Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 1997 44 Kupschus S Tremain D Associations between fish assemblages and environmental factors in nearshore habitats of a subtropical estuary J. Fish Biol 2001 58 Lasiak TA Juveniles, food and the surfzone habitat: implications for teleost nursery areas South African J. Zoo 1986 21 Machado P.A.L Araújo F.G Spatial, temporal, and diel variations of fish assemblages at two sandy beaches in the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 2003 57 Marchand J The influence of seasonal salinity and turbidity maximum variations on the nursery function of the Loire estuary (France) Netherlands J. Aquat. Ecol 1993 27 Marshall S Elliot M Environmental Influences on the Fish Assemblage of the Humber Estuary, U.K Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 1998 46 Medina-Gómez I Herrera-Silveira J.A Spatial characterization of water quality in a karstic coastal lagoon without anthropogenic disturbance: a multivariate approach Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 2003 58 Pomfret JR Elliott M O‘Reilly MG Phillips S Elliott M Ducrotoy SP Spatial and temporal patterns in the fish communities in two U.K. North Sea estuaries Estuaries and coasts: Spatial and Temporal Intercomparisons Estuaries and coasts: Spatial and Temporal Intercomparisons 1991 Fredensborg Olsen & Olsen Raz-Guzman A Huidobro L Fish communities in two environmentally different estuarine systems of Mexico J. Fish Biol 2002 61 Rueda M Spatial distribution of fish species in a tropical estuarine lagoon: a geostatistical appraisal Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser 2001 222 Simier M Blanc L Aliaume C Diouf P.S Albaret J.J Spatial and temporal structure of fish assemblages in an "inverse estuary", the Sine Saloum system (Senegal) Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 2004 59 Tsou TS Matheson RE Jr Seasonal Changes in the Nekton Community of the Suwanee River Estuary and the Potential Impacts of Freshwater Withdrawal Estuaries 2002 25 Vega-Cendejas ME Ictiofauna de la Reserva de la Biosfera Celestún, Yucatán: una contribución al conocimiento de su diversidad An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nal. Autón. Méx. Ser. Zoo 2004 75 Vega-Cendejas M.E Hernández M Fish community structure and dynamics in a coastal hypersaline lagoon: Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 2004 60 Vega-Cendejas ME Arreguin F Hernández M Christensen V Pauly D Trophic fluxes on the campeche, Campeche Bank, México Trophic models of aquatic ecosystems, ICLAEM Conf. Proc Trophic models of aquatic ecosystems, ICLAEM Conf. Proc 1993 Vega-Cendejas M.E Hernández M Arreguin F Trophic interrelations in a beach seine fishery from the northwestern coast of the Yucatan peninsula, México J. Fish Biol 1994 44 Vega-Cendejas M.E Hernández M De La Cruz Agüero G G Los peces de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Celestún Los peces de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Celestún 1997 Península de Yucatán CINVESTAV Mérida. PRONATURA Whitfield A. K Ichthyofaunal assemblages in estuaries: A South African case study Rev. Fish. Biol. Fisheries 1999 9 Zar JH Biostatistical Analysis Biostatistical Analysis 1984 2 ^eNew Jersey Prentice Hall Froese R Pauly D FishBase, version (09/2004) FishBase, version (09/2004) 2004
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100010 Crecimiento y mortalidad del pez Haemulon aurolineatum (Teleostei: Haemulidae) en el suroeste de la isla de Margarita, Venezuela Bravo Edwis Eslava Nora González Leo ,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo de Nueva Esparta Departamento de Acuacultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Venezuela ,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo de Nueva Esparta Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Venezuela 06 2009 2009 57 105 112

Growth and mortality of the fish Haemulon aurolineatum (Teleostei: Haemulidae) from Southwest of Margarita Island, Venezuela. We analyzed the growth and natural mortality of the fish known locally as cují (H. aurolineatum) in the southwest of Margarita Island, July 2005 to June 2006. A sample of 1 378 males and 1 143 females from artisanal fishing vessels of Boca del Río was analyzed. The common relation for both sexes was expressed by the equation P=0.038*L2.87. The asymptotic length (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=21>) was estimated with Powell`s (1979) routine and Wetherall (1986), and the growth coefficient (k) with ELEFAN I - FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM). The modal progression analysis was used after decomposition of lengths frequency according to Bhattacharya, and the estimations of <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=15> and k optimized according to Gulland and Holt (1959). The growth curve was fitted to von Bertalanffy (1960); it is exponential, with accelerated growth in the first two years and less growth as the fish approaches maximal length. The rate of natural mortality was high (M=1.15 year-1), and probably was caused by high depredation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 105-112. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se determinó el crecimiento y la mortalidad natural del pez cují (Haemulon aurolineatum) del suroeste de la Isla de Margarita (julio 2005 -junio 2006), para lo cual se analizó una muestra constituida por 2 541 ejemplares recolectados de la pesca artesanal de Boca del Río. La relación talla-peso entre machos y hembras no mostró diferencias significativas en las pendientes "b" (p>0.05; ts=-1.69) ni en los interceptos "a" (p>0.05; ts=-1.01), por lo que se estableció una relación común para ambos sexos: P=0.038*LT2.87. A partir de los datos de distribución de frecuencia de tallas se estimó la longitud asintótica (<IMG SRC="/img/revsitas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=14>) aplicando la rutina de Powell-Wetherall, y el coeficiente de crecimiento (k) a través de la rutina ELEFAN I (Gayanilo et al. 1996). Posteriormente se empleó el análisis de la progresión modal, previa descomposición de la frecuencia de longitudes de acuerdo al método de Bhattacharya (1967), y se optimizaron las estimaciones de <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=19> y k según el procedimiento de Gulland y Holt (1959). Los parámetros de crecimiento estimados (L8=24.2 cm y k=0.48 año-1) mostraron un crecimiento moderadamente rápido. Los datos de frecuencias de longitudes fueron ajustados al modelo de von Bertalanffy (1960), indicando una tendencia de tipo exponencial: crecimiento acelerado hasta los 2 años de edad, que luego se hizo lento hasta que el pez alcanzó la longitud máxima. La tasa de mortalidad natural fue alta (M=1.15 año-1), probablemente por alta depredación.

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UFRPE-Departamento de Pesca Dinâmica de Populações e Avaliação de Estoques dos Recursos Pesqueiros da Região Nordeste. UFRPE-Departamento de Pesca 2004 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Coordenação da Área de Dinâmica de populações) Froese R Binohlan C Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic length, length at first maturity and length at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with a simple method to evaluate length frequency data J. Fish Biol 2000 56 Gayanilo F Sparre P Pauly D Stock assessment tools users manual Stock assessment tools users manual 1996 Roma FAO Giménez C Ricardo M Salaya J La Pesca Industrial de Arrastre La Pesca Industrial de Arrastre 1993 Carirubana^eCaracas Venezuela González L.W Determinación de edad y crecimiento de la sardina, Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 (Pisces: Clupeidae) de la región nororiental de Venezuela Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. 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Manual 1997 Tresierra A Culquichicón Z Biología Pesquera Biología Pesquera 1993 Libertad^eTrujillo Wetherall J A new method for estimating growth and mortality parameters from length-frequency data Fishbyte 1986 4 Zar J.H Biostatistical analysis Biostatistical analysis 1996 ^eNueva Jersey Prentice Hall
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100011 Ecología trófica del pez Arothron meleagris (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) en el arrecife de Los Frailes, Baja California Sur, México Moreno Xchel G Abitia L. Andrés Favila Araceli Gutiérrez Francisco J Palacios Devis S ,Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN) México 06 2009 2009 57 113 123

Trophic ecology of the fish Arothron meleagris (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from Los Frailes reef, Southern Baja California, Mexico. Monthly samples were taken from November 2004 to October 2005 in the Los Frailes reef, BCS, Mexico. The objective was to determine the feeding habits of the pufferfish, Arothron meleagris, as well as possible variations in feeding patterns due to size and/or sex. We captured 101 specimens, with all stomachs contained food. The index of relative importance (IRI) was used to determine the main items; which were non-identified organic matter (NIOM) (30.44%), Echinometra vanbrunti (26.25 %), Porifera (12.63 %), Pocillopora spp. (11.84%), Bryozoa (5.37 %) and Porites spp. (4.83 %). Levin’s index indicated a low trophic niche breadth (Bi= 0.12) and allowed us to determine that A. meleagris is a specialist predator with strong preferences towards certain food types. The Morisita-Horn index showed a high trophic overlap between sexes (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=15 > or = 0.78), seasons (hot and cold <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=15 > or = 0.95) and among sizes (small and medium <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=19 > or = 0.94; small and large <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=19 > or = 0.74; medium and large <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=28 HEIGHT=14 > or = 0.83). Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 113-123. Epub 2009 June 30.

Con la finalidad de determinar los hábitos alimenticios del tamboril de oro Arothron meleagris, así como sus posibles variaciones de alimentación por talla y sexo, se realizaron muestreos mensuales de noviembre 2004 a octubre 2005, en el arrecife de Los Frailes, Baja California Sur, México. Se capturaron un total de 101 ejemplares, en los cuales todos los estómagos contenían alimento. Se aplicó el índice de importancia relativa (IIR) para determinar los principales categorías alimenticias (ítems), los cuales fueron: Echinometra vanbrunti (26.25 %), Porifera (12.63 %), Pocillopora spp. (11.84%), Bryozoa (5.37 %) y Porites spp. (4.83 %). El índice de Levin indica baja amplitud del nicho trófico (Bi= 0.12) por lo que se le puede considerar como un depredador especialista con marcadas preferencias hacia algunos tipos alimentarios. El índice de Morisita-Horn indicó que existe un traslape alto entre las dietas por sexo (hembras y machos <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=19 > o = 0.78), temporadas (cálida y fría <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=14 > o = 0.95) y entre tallas (chica y mediana <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=14 > o = 0.94, chica y grande <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=28 HEIGHT=14 > o = 0.74, mediana y grande <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/c.jpg" WIDTH=20 HEIGHT=15 > o = 0.83).

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CD-ROM Shore fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM 2002 Balboa Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Robertson D. R Grove J.S McCosker J.E Tropical transpacific shore fishes Pacific Science 2004 58 Smith P.E Zaret M.T Bias in estimating niche overlap Ecology 1982 12 Thomson D.A Findley L.T Kerstitch A.N Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez: The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez: The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California 2000 ^eTexas University of Texas Zar J.H Biostatical analysis Biostatical analysis 1999 ^eNueva Jersey Prentince-Hall
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100012 Reproducción y crecimiento del pargo mancha Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica Soto Rojas Rosa L Mejía-Arana Fernando Palacios J. A Hiramatsu Kazuhito ,Universidad Nacional Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Estación de Biología Marina Puntarenas Costa Rica 06 2009 2009 57 125 131

Reproduction and growth of the fish Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. The fish Lutjanus guttatus is important in the fisheries of Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica where they are captured with varied gear mainly by the artisanal fleet. We measured specimens from the commercial catch of 2002-2006. Gonadal state was determined macroscopically and age with otoliths The total length-total weight relationship was y = 0.0236x2.8153 and total length-eviscerated weight y = 0.0216x2.8129. Simplified relationships were y = 0.0173x3 and y = 0.0162x3. There is year-round reproduction with peaks in March (dry season) and September (rainy season). Male-female sexual ratio was 1:1. The age-length key for the gulf shows availability until the 6 years of age. The von Bertalanffy growth curve is L (t) = 65,9 (1-e -0,13(t+2,66)). Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 125-131. Epub 2009 June 30.

Una de las pesquerías más importantes en el Golfo de Nicoya es la del pargo mancha (Lutjanus guttatus); su captura se realiza con diversas artes y principalmente por la flota artesanal. Estudiamos especímenes de la captura comercial artesanal entre el 2002 y 2006. Se analizaron las relaciones morfométricas para aplicar la ecuación P = aLb; el análisis del estado de madurez gonadal se hizo macroscópicamente; se determinó la edad a través de la lectura de anillos anuales de los otolitos sagitales y los parámetros de crecimiento fueron aplicados en la ecuación de von Bertalanffy: L (t) = <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/l.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=25>* [1-exp (-K*(t-t0))]. La relación longitud total-peso total es y = 0.0236x 2.8153 y longitud total-peso eviscerado y = 0.0216x2.8129; las relaciones simplificadas correspondientes fueron y = 0.0173x3 y y = 0.0162x3. La reproducción es todo el año con dos picos en marzo y setiembre (época seca y lluviosa, respectivamente). La proporción macho-hembra es 1:1. Se generó para la población del Golfo de Nicoya una clave edad-talla donde su utilidad se presenta como adecuada hasta los 6 años de edad. La curva de crecimiento von Bertalanffy es L (t)=65,9(1-e -0,13(t+2,66)).

 Lutjanus guttatus Lutjanidae spotted snapper reproduction growth age morphometric relation ships Golfo de Nicoya Anderson R Newman R Murphy B Willis D Length, weight and associated structural indices Fisheries Techniques Fisheries Techniques 1996 ^eMaryland Andrade H Age determination in the snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces, Lutjanidae) and investigation of fishery management strategies in the Pacific Coast of Guatemala Age determination in the snapper Lutjanus guttatus (Pisces, Lutjanidae) and investigation of fishery management strategies in the Pacific Coast of Guatemala 2003 Araya H Vásquez A Marín B Palacios J. A Soto Rojas R Mejía-Arana F Shimazu Y Hiramatsu K Reporte no.1/2007 del Comité de Evaluación de Poblaciones: Reporte del Manejo de los Recursos Pesqueros en el Golfo de Nicoya Proyecto Manejo Sostenible de la Pesquería en el Golfo de Nicoya: Presentación de conclusiones y recomendaciones Proyecto Manejo Sostenible de la Pesquería en el Golfo de Nicoya: Presentación de conclusiones y recomendaciones 2007 Puntarenas UNA-JICA-INCOPESCA Araya M Cubillos L El análisis retrospectivo del crecimiento en peces y sus problemas asociados Gayana 2002 66 Arellano-Martínez M Rojas-Herrera A García- Domínguez F Ceballos-Vásquez B Villalejo- Fuerte M Ciclo reproductivo del pargo lunarejo Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) en las costas de Guerrero, México Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr 2001 36 Bussing W López M Peces demersales y pelágicos del pacífico de Centroamérica meridional Rev. Biol. Trop 1994 1 San José Universidad de Costa Rica Cappo M Eden P Newman S Robertson S A new approach to validation of periodicity and timing of opaque zone formation in the otoliths of eleven species of Lutjanus from the central Great Barrier Reef Fish B-NOAA 2000 98 Claro R Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba 1994 Quintana Roo Instituto de Oceanología, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba y Centro de investigaciones de Quintana Roo Cruz-Romero M Chávez E.A Espino E García A Arreguin-Sanchez F Munro J.L Balgos M.C Pauly D Assessment of a snapper complex (Lutjanus spp.) of the eastern tropical Pacific Biology, fisheries and culture of tropical groupers and snappers. ICLARM Conf. Proc. No. 48 Biology, fisheries and culture of tropical groupers and snappers. ICLARM Conf. Proc. No. 48 1996 Manila Fisher W Krupp F Schneider W Sommer C Carpenter K.E Niem V.H Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca: Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100013 Community structure of aquatic insects in the Esparza River, Costa Rica Herrera-Vásquez Jonathan ,Universidad de Costa Rica 06 2009 2009 57 133 139

Community structure of aquatic insects in the Esparza River, Costa Rica. This study focused on the structure of the aquatic insect community in spatial and temporal scales in the Esparza River. The river was sampled for one full year throughout 2007. During the dry season low flow months, five sampling points were selected in two different habitats (currents and pools), with five replicates per sample site. During the wet season with peak rain, only the data in the "current habitat" were sampled at each site. Specimens present in the different substrates were collected and preserved in situ. A nested ANOVA was then applied to the data to determine richness and density as the response variables. The variations in temporal and spatial scales were analyzed using width, depth and discharge of the river, and then analyzed using a nested ANOVA. Only a correlation of 51% similarity in richness was found, while in spatial scale, richness showed significant variation between sampling sites, but not between habitats. However, the temporal scale showed significant differences between habitats. Density showed differences between sites and habitats during the dry season in the spatial scale, while in the temporal scale significant variation was found between sampling sites. Width varied between habitats during the dry season, but not between sampling points. Depth showed differences between sampling sites and season. This work studies the importance of community structure of aquatic insects in rivers, and its relevance for the quality of water in rivers and streams. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 133-139. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudió la estructura de la comunidad de insectos acuáticos en el río Esparza, Costa Rica, en escalas espacial y temporal. Los muestreos se realizaron durante 2007 en 5 estaciones. En mayor sequía se recolectaron cinco réplicas en cada estación en dos tipos de hábitat: corriente y pozas. En mayor precipitación se utilizó este procedimiento únicamente en la corriente. Se recolectaron los especimenes en diferentes sustratos con un cernidor y se preservaron in situ. Se analizó la variabilidad en ambas escalas con un análisis de varianza anidado cuyas variables respuesta fueron riqueza y densidad de organismos. Se efectuaron mediciones de profundidad promedio, descarga, y ancho del cauce, y se les hizo análisis de varianza. Se encontró un 51% de similaridad en riqueza entre hábitats. La riqueza analizada en la escala espacial mostró variación significativa entre sitios de muestreo pero no entre hábitats, mientras que en la escala temporal presentó diferencia entre época seca y lluviosa. La densidad mostró diferencias debido al sitio y al hábitat durante la época seca en la escala espacial, pero solo se encontró variación significativa debida al sitio de muestreo entre estaciones. Se encontró variabilidad significativa en el ancho del río en diferentes hábitats durante la época seca pero no así entre estaciones de muestreo. La profundidad mostró variación significativa entre estaciones y entre sitios de muestreo. Se discute la importancia de estudiar la estructura de la comunidad y su posible relevancia en investigación orientada a calidad de aguas.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100014 Ictiofauna de sistemas cárstico-palustres con impacto antrópico: los petenes de Campeche, México Torres-Castro Ivette Liliana Vega-Cendejas María Eugenia Schmitter-Soto Juan Jacobo Palacio-Aponte Gerardo Rodiles-Hernández Rocío ,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Campeche Campeche México ,Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN Mérida Yucatán México ,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal Chetumal Quintana Roo México ,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche Centro EPOMEX Campeche Campeche México ,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad San Cristóbal San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas México 06 2009 2009 57 141 157

Ichthyofauna of karstic wetlands under anthropic impact: the "petenes" of Campeche, Mexico. "Petenes" are small springs and associated streams that drain into wetlands near the coast in karstic areas. We studied composition, distribution, and abundance of the ichthyofauna in Los Petenes region (northwest Campeche). Two petenes displaying different degrees and types of anthropic impact were selected, Hampolol and El Remate. Hampolol has a smaller area but a longer derived stream; it is located within a protected area, but has been invaded by tilapia. El Remate is a popular spa, with no tilapia; it has a larger area but a shorter derived stream. At each "petén", several sites in the main spring, the associated stream, and secondary (temporary) springs were sampled in the rainy and dry seasons. Fishing gear was variable (throw net, gill net, small and large seine nets), but effort was uniform. We recorded temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and depth at each site and season; also, we noted the different types and intensities of anthropic impact (channelization, presence of exotic species, recreational use, etc.) at each petén. We compared the petenes in terms of their environmental quality and fish fauna (composition, distribution, abundance, biomass); we also tested for effects of season and site within each petén. The study found 27 species of fishes, included in 18 genera and eight families, 24 species in Hampolol and 20 in El Remate. The geographical range of ‘Cichlasoma’ salvini, Rivulus tenuis, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Xiphophorus hellerii, and X. maculatus is extended. The dominant species in both seasons was Astyanax (probable hybrids A. aeneus × altior at Hampolol, pure A. altior at El Remate), which contributed most of the abundance and biomass, together with Vieja synspila and Poecilia velifera. A significantly greater overall diversity (H’n=3.31) was recorded in Hampolol compared to El Remate (H’n=2.10). Cluster analysis of sites by species presence allowed distinction of two groupings within each petén: permanent waters (i.e., main spring, stream) vs. temporary sites (secondary springs, which dry out in winter). Environmental parameters (except salinity) presented significant differences by site and season; a canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the distribution of fish assemblages was influenced by the environmental parameters in both seasons. In terms of composition, historical factors play a role in the differences between the fish assemblages of the two petenes, especially concerning the presence of Astyanax hybrids and Xiphophorus spp. in the southern petén (Hampolol) and Poecilia velifera in the northern petén (El Remate). Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 141-157. Epub 2009 June 30.

Los petenes son pequeños manantiales y arroyos asociados que drenan a sistemas palustres en áreas cársticas costeras. Se estudió la composición, distribución y abundancia de la ictiofauna en dos petenes del noroeste de Campeche, en el manantial principal, el arroyo asociado, y pequeños ojos de agua secundarios (temporales), en dos épocas del año. Se registraron variables ambientales y tipos de impacto antrópico en cada petén. Se encontraron en total 27 especies de peces, con extensiones de ámbito de ‘Cichlasoma’ salvini, Rivulus tenuis, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Xiphophorus hellerii y X. maculatus. La especie dominante en ambas épocas fue Astyanax (probables híbridos A. aeneus × altior en Hampolol, A. altior en El Remate). Hubo diferencia significativa en diversidad entre ambos petenes. El análisis de conglomerados diferenció dos agrupaciones dentro de cada petén: aguas permanentes y sitios temporales. Las variables ambientales (excepto salinidad) presentaron diferencias significativas por sitio y época; un análisis de correspondencia canónica indicó que la distribución de los conjuntos de peces tuvo influencia de las variables ambientales en ambas temporadas. En términos de composición, los factores históricos juegan un papel en las diferencias ictiológicas entre ambos petenes, sobre todo por lo que concierne a la presencia de híbridos de Astyanax, así como Xiphophorus hellerii en el petén del sur (Hampolol) y de Poecilia velifera en el petén del norte (El Remate).

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Fishes 1999 54 Gelwick F.P Akin S Albrey D Winemiller K.O Fish assemblage structure in relation to environmental variation in a Texas Gulf coastal wetland Estuaries 2001 24 Greenfield D.W Thomerson J.E Fishes of the continental waters of Belize Fishes of the continental waters of Belize 1997 Gainesville^eFlorida University of Florida Greenfield D.W Greenfield T.A Brinton S.L Spatial and trophic interaction between Gambusia sexradiata and Gambusia puncticulata yucatana (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in Belize, Central America Copeia 1983 1983 Greenfield D.W Greenfield T.A Wildrick D. M The taxonomy and distribution of the species of Gambusia (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in Belize, Central America Copeia 1982 1982 Heredia M Contribución al conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico de la familia Cichlidae: Ictiofauna de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul, Campeche Contribución al conocimiento taxonómico y ecológico de la familia Cichlidae: Ictiofauna de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul, Campeche 2002 Hoeinghaus D.J Layman C. A Albrey D Winemiller K.O Spatiotemporal variation in fish assemblage structure in tropical floodplain creeks Env. Biol. Fishes 2003 67 Kobza R.M Trexler J.C Loftus W.F Perry S.A Community structure of fishes inhabiting aquatic refuges in a threatened karst wetland and its implications for ecosystem management Biol. Conserv 2004 116 Kupschus S Tremain D Associations between fish assemblages and environmental factors in nearshore habitats of a subtropical estuary J. 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Cienc., Univ. Juárez Autón. Tabasco 2007 23 Petry P Bayley P.B Markle D.F J. Fish Biol 2003 63 Schmitter-Soto J.J Catálogo de los peces continentales de Quintana Roo: Guías científicas ECOSUR Catálogo de los peces continentales de Quintana Roo: Guías científicas ECOSUR 1998 San Cristóbal de Las Casas^eChiapas El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Schmitter-Soto J.J Diagnosis of Astyanax altior (Characidae), with a morphometric analysis of Astyanax in the Yucatan Peninsula Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat 1998 8 4 Schmitter-Soto J.J Distribution of continental fishes in northern Quintana Roo, Mexico Southw. Nat 1999 44 Schmitter-Soto J.J Lozano-Vilano M.L Ictiogeografía de Yucatán Libro jubilar en honor al Doctor Salvador Contreras Balderas Libro jubilar en honor al Doctor Salvador Contreras Balderas 2002 Monterrey^eNuevo León Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Schmitter-Soto J.J Caro C.I Distribution of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), and water body characteristics in Quintana Roo, Mexico Rev. Biol. Trop 1997 45 Schmitter-Soto J.J Gamboa-Pérez H.C Distribución de peces continentales en el sur de Quintana Roo, México Rev. Biol. Trop 1996 44 Schmitter-Soto J.J Arce-Ibarra A.M Vásquez-Yeomans L Records of Megalops atlanticus in the Mexican Caribbean coast 2002 Underwood A. J Experiments in ecology: Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance Experiments in ecology: Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance 1997 Cambridge Cambridge University Vega-Cendejas M.E Hernández de Santillana M Los peces de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul, Campeche Los peces de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul, Campeche 2004 Mérida^eYucatán Conservation International/CINVESTAV Villalobos-Zapata G.J Rivera Arriaga E Villalobos Zapata G.J Azuz Adeath I Rosado May F Reservas de la biosfera costeras: Los Petenes y Ría Celestún, cap. 27 El manejo costero en México El manejo costero en México 2004 Campeche^eCampeche Universidad Autónoma de Campeche / SEMARNAT / CETYS-Universidad, Universidad de Quintana Roo Yáñez-Arancibia A Caracterización ecológica ambiental y de los recursos naturales de la región de Los Petenes en Campeche Periódico Oficial del Gobierno Constitucional del Estado de Campeche 1198
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100015 Biometry of the fishes Barbus plebejus and Barbus capito from Coruh Basin, Turkey Solak Kemal Alas Ali Yilmaz Muhittin Öktener Ahmet ,Gazi University Faculty of Education Department of Biology ,Aksaray University Faculty of Education Department of Natural Sciences ,Kafkas University Faculty of Science and Art Department of Biology Kars Turkey ,Istanbul Provencial Directorate of Agriculture Istanbul Turkey 06 2009 2009 57 159 165

Metric and meristic characters are important to identify fish species and their habitat peculiarities. There are many species that belong to the fish genus Barbus, which is found in tropical and extratropical regions, but there are few studies covering the Coruh basin. Two subspecies of Barbus were found in the Coruh River system of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: Barbus plebejus escherichi and Barbus capito capito. We collected specimens in seven localities for measurement. The number of vertebra were determined radiographically. Some specimens of B. capito capito have a sharper snout in the segments of Coruh where the water flows faster, suggesting a modification related to current. The biometric measurements vary geographically and could be related to abiotic and biotic factors in the habitat. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 159-165. Epub 2009 June 30.

 Barbus metric and meristic characters Coruh Basin Turkey Almaca C From relationships among western palearctic species of Barbus (Cyprinidae, Pisces) Arq. Mus. Boc 1984 2 12 Almaca C Notes on some species of western palearctic Barbus (Cyprinidae, Pisces) Arq. Mus. Boc 1984 2 1 Boulenger G.A Cataloque of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) (2) Cataloque of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) (2) 1911 London Daget J Les Poissons du Niger superieur Mem. Ifan. Dakar 1954 36 Geldiay R Balik S Turkish Freshwater Fishes Turkish Freshwater Fishes 1998 Izmir Ege University Press Howe J.C Standard length: not quite so standard Fisheries Research 2002 56 Karaman M.S Süsswasserfische der Turkei, revision der Barben Europas, vorderasiens und Nordafricas Mitt. Hamburg Zoology Mus Inst 1971 67 Karatas M Research Techniques in Fish Biology Research Techniques in Fish Biology 2005 Ankara Nobel Press Kosswig C New contributions to the zoogeography of fresh water fish of Asia minor, based on collections made between 1964-1967 Israel Journal of Zoology 1969 18 Kuru M Researches on the systematics and zoogeography of freshwater fishes living in Kura-Aras, Van Lake and Black Sea regions Researches on the systematics and zoogeography of freshwater fishes living in Kura-Aras, Van Lake and Black Sea regions 1975 Nicolsky G.V The ecology of fishes The ecology of fishes 1963 ^eLondon and New York Academic Press Pellegrin J Description d’un Barbus nouveau du Sahara Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat 1909 15 1 Skorepa V On Sahara Barbel Barbus deserti Pellegrin fishes of Czech Sahara expedition of 1973 Vest Cs Spol Zool 1977 41 3 Stewart D.J Geographic variation of Barbus radiatus Peters, a widely distributed African cyprinid fish Env. Biol. Fish 1977 1 10 Tandon K.K A redescription of Barbus biscarensis Boulenger, 1911 (Cyprinidae, Osteicthyes) from the central Sahara (Hogger Mountains of Algeria) Vest Cs. Spol. Zool 1977 41 4
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100016 Physical factors and their influence on fish species composition in Asa Lake, Ilorin, Nigeria Araoye P.A ,Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria 06 2009 2009 57 167 175

The effect of physical factors on fish species composition was studied during 12 months in Asa Lake, Nigeria. Fish and water samples were collected bimonthly (March 2003 to February 2004) in the morning. Fish samples were caught with gill nets set at the surface and bottom habitats. There were 11 fish families and 21 species. Osteoglossidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Schilbedae and Cyprinidae were rare and occurred seasonally in fishermen catches, while Mormyridae, Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Characidae, Bagridae and Clariidae showed less variation and were more common. Characidae and Cichlidae were the most abundant (23.0 and 18.6% respectively) while Osteoglossidae, Channidae and Anabantidae were the least (1.7, 2.1 and 2.3% respectively). Clariidae and Mormyridae had the highest weight with 16.0% and 12.3% respectively, while Anabantidae had the lowest (3.4%). Surface water temperatures were generally higher than air temperatures during the afternoon, except from January to March when air temperatures were high (28.1 to 28.7 ºC) due to low relative humidity (39 to 70%). In the morning, surface water temperatures (25.5 to 26.3 ºC) became higher than air temperatures (25.2 to 26.0 ºC) from May to December, when relative humidity values were also high (50 to 88%). The differences between surface and bottom water temperatures was generally higher (0.7 to 3.1 ºC; P < 0.05) in the afternoon (0.2 to 0.8 ºC) due to sunlight. Temperature differences in the surface and bottom waters were usually higher during the dry season (P < 0.05), for similar reasons. Captures were higher in the dry season when the fish concentrated in the warmer, steadier and scarcer water. Minimal and maximal temperatures were different for surface and bottom waters (P < 0.05). However, there were no marked variations in temperature patterns or species distribution. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 167-175. Epub 2009 June 30.

Estudié la composición de especies de peces y las temperaturas durante 12 meses en el lago Asa, Nigeria. Recolecté muestras de peces y de agua bimestralmente en la mañana, de marzo 2003 a febrero 2004. Los peces (11 familias y 21 especies) fueron capturados con atarrayas en la superficie y el fondo. Osteoglossidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Schilbedae y Cyprinidae fueron raras y aparecieron estacionalmente en las capturas de pescadores, mientras que Mormyridae, Cichlidae, Mochokidae, Characidae, Bagridae y Clariidae mostraron menos variación y fueron más comunes. Las familias Characidae y Cichlidae fueron las más abundantes (23.0 y 18.6% respectivamente) mientras Osteoglossidae, Channidae y Anabantidae fueron las más escasas (1.7, 2.1 y 2.3% respectivamente). Clariidae y Mormyridae tuvieron el peso más alto con 16.0% y 12.3% respectivamente, mientras que Anabantidae fue la más baja, con 3.4%. La estación seca correspondió con capturas altas al concentrarse los peces en el agua más cálida, estable y escasa. Las temperaturas mínimas y máximas fueron diferentes en las aguas superficiales y del fondo (P < 0.05). No obstante, no hubo variaciones marcadas en el patrón de temperatura y distribución de peces.

 fish species composition air temperature water temperature Asa Lake Ilorin Nigeria composición de especies de peces temperatura del agua temperatura del aire lago Asa Ilorin Nigeria Adebisi A.A The physico-chemical hydrology of a tropical seasonal river-upper Ogun river Hydrobiologia 1981 79 Adeniji H.A Limnology and biological production in the pelagic zone of Jebba lake, Nigeria Limnology and biological production in the pelagic zone of Jebba lake, Nigeria 1991 Adeniji H.A Mbagwu I.G Ibikunle F Study on some aspects of the water quality of the new Jebba lake and its effect on the lake fisheries KLRI. Annual Report 1984 Araoye P.A Bio-ecology of a Mochokid, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider 1801) in Asa lake Ilorin, Nigeria Bio-ecology of a Mochokid, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider 1801) in Asa lake Ilorin, Nigeria 1997 Araoye P.A Spatio-temporal distribution of Synodontis schall (Teleotei: Mochokidae) in Asa lake Ilorin, Nigeria Rev. Biol. Trop 1999 47 Araoye P.A Jeje C.Y The diet of Synodontis schall (Bloch & Schneider 1801) in Asa dam Ilorin, Nigeria Nig. J. Sci 1999 33 Araoye P.A Age and growth studies of Synodontis schall (Teleotei: Mochokidae) in the environment of Asa lake ilorin, Nigeria Nig. J. Pure & Appl. Sci 2002 17 Araoye P.A Owolabi O Some changes in the animal and fish species composition due to the construction of Kampe (Omi) dam and irrigation project in Kogi State, Nigeria Nig. J. Pure & Appl. Sci 2005 20 Araoye P.A Conservation needs for the fisheries resources of Kampe (Omi) dam and irrigation project in Kogi State, Nigeria Nig. J. Fish 2007 4 Bagenal T.B Gerking S.D Aspects of fish fecundity Ecology of freshwater fish production Ecology of freshwater fish production 1978 Oxford Blackwell Scientific Balogun J.K Fish distribution in Kainji Lake, Nigeria J. Fish. Biol 1986 29 Balon E.K Reproduction guilds in fishes: A proposal and definition J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can 1975 32 Banks J.W Holden M.J Mc Connell R.H The first scientific report of the Kainji biological research team: E. White The first scientific report of the Kainji biological research team: E. White 1965 Biswas S.O Limnological observations during the early formation of volta lake in Ghana Geophys. Monogr 1973 17 Boyd C.E Water quality in warm water fish ponds Water quality in warm water fish ponds 1979 Opelika^eAlabama Craftmaster Egborge A,B The hydrology and plankton of Asejire lake The hydrology and plankton of Asejire lake 1970 Fagade S.O Bagenal T.B Age determination in Tilapia melanotheron in Lagos lagoon, Nigeria with discussion on the environmental and physiological basis of growthmarkings in the tropics Ageing of fish Ageing of fish 1974 Old Woking^eSurrey Unwin Fagade S.O Food and feeding habits of the fishes of Lower River Benue, Nigeria Bull. IFAN45 Ser 1983 A Henderson H.F Imevbore A.M.A Adegoke O.S Thermal stratification of Kainji lake Ecology of lake Kainji: The transition from river to lake Ecology of lake Kainji: The transition from river to lake 1975 Ife University of Ife Webb The topography and physical features of Lagos Harbour and Lagos Lagoon Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 1958 683 Hutchison C.E A treatise of limnology: Vol. 1 Geography, Physics and Chemistry A treatise of limnology: Vol. 1 Geography, Physics and Chemistry 1957 New York^eNew York Wiley Ikusemiju K Distribution, reproduction and growth of the cat fish Chrysichthys walkeri (Gunter) in Lekki lagoon, Nigeria J. Fish. Biol 1976 8 Imevbore A.M.A Ecology of the newly formed Kainji lake. In the ecology of Lake Kainji: the transition from river to lake Ecology of the newly formed Kainji lake. In the ecology of Lake Kainji: the transition from river to lake 1975 Ife University of Ife Odum E.P Fundamentals of Ecology Fundamentals of Ecology 1971 Philadephia^ePennsylvania W.B. Saunders Olaniyan C.I.O West Africa animal ecology West Africa animal ecology 1975 Heinemann^eLondon Olaosebikan B.D Raji A Field guide to Nigerian Freshwater Fishes Field guide to Nigerian Freshwater Fishes 1998 New Bussa Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology Parks R.W Searbrook E Boyd C.E Phytoplankton and water quality in a fertilized fish pond: Auburn University (Ala) Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir 1975 224 Reed W John B Hopson A.J Jonathan J Ibrahim Y Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria 1967 ^eNorthern Nigeria Ministry of Agriculture Van Der Wall B.C.W Schoonbee H.J Age and growth studies of Clarias gariepinus in the Transvaal, South Africa J. Fish. Biol 1975 7 Wetzel R.G Limnology Limnology 1975 Philadelphia^ePennsylvania W.B. Saunders Willoughby N.G The ecology of the genus Synodontis (Pisces: Siluroidei) in lake Kainji, Nigeria The ecology of the genus Synodontis (Pisces: Siluroidei) in lake Kainji, Nigeria 1974
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100017 The fish fauna of Anambra river basin, Nigeria: species abundance and morphometry Ejikeme Odo Gregory Didigwu Nwani Christopher Effiong Eyo Joseph ,University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria ,University Abakiliki Ebonyi State Nigeria 06 2009 2009 57 177 186

The fish yields of most Nigeria inland waters are generally on the decline for causes that may range from inadequate management of the fisheries to degradation of the water bodies. Sustainable exploitation requires knowledge of the ichthyofaunal composition in the water bodies. We did a survey of fish species in Anambra river basin for 22 months. Fish samples were collected using four different gears -hook and line of size 13, caste nets, gill nets, and cages of mesh sizes of 50mm, 75mm, and 100mm each. We recorded 52 fish species belonging to 17 families: 171, 236, and 169 individuals at Ogurugu, Otuocha, and Nsugbe stations respectively. Two families, Characidae, 19.5 %, and Mochokidae, 11.8%, constituted the dominant fish families in the river. The dominant fish species were Citherinus citherius, 9.02%, and Alestes nurse, 7.1%. Other fish species with significant abundance were Synodontis clarias 6.9%, Macrolepidotus curvier 5.7%, Labeo coubie 5.4%, Distichodus rostrtus 4.9%, and Schilbe mystus 4.5%. The meristic features of the two most abundant fish species caught are as follows: Citharinus citharius dorsal fins 20, anal fins 30, caudal fins 21, pectoral fins, 9 and 8 ventral fins, and Alestes nurse 10 dorsal fins, 14 anal fins, 31 caudal fins, 7 pectoral fins and 6 ventral fins. The morphometric features of the two most abundant fish species are Citharinus citharius total length 300mm, standard length 231mm, head length 69mm, body length 101mm, body girth 176 mm, body weight 900mg. Alestes nurse total length 200, standard length 140mm, head length 60mm, body length 80mm, body girth120mm, body weight 400mg. The most abundant animal utilizing the basin was Ardea cinerea(D3) with 22.2% occurrence (D4) and this was followed by Caprini with 13.51%, and Varanus niloticus, 10.04%. The least abundant animals utilizing basin were Chephalophus rufilatus, and Erythrocebus patas, with 0.58% each of occurrence. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 177-186. Epub 2009 June 30.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100018 Selectividad del zooplancton y solapamiento trófico entre tallas del pez Menidia humboldtiana (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) en el embalse Danxhó, México Sánchez Merino Regina Fermín Benítez Miriam Y Mendoza Estrada Angélica ,Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala estado de México México 06 2009 2009 57 187 194

Selectivity of zooplankton and trophic overlap between size Menidia humboldtiana fish (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) in the reservoir Danxhó, Mexico. The Menidia humboldtiana silverside is considered one of the most important species in fisheries in some states of Mexico. Knowing the choice that this species exercises over its food gives us an understanding of the behavior of zooplankton in presence of zooplanktonic fish, and tells us if the silverside choose amongst bigger prey fish, and if there is competition for food between the native and introduced fish in the reservoir. The purpose of this study was to determine if M. humboldtiana selects its food, and in which genera, and to establish whether there was an overlap in the diet of the different sizes of silverside. The fish were catched with a 88 mm mesh net, in six sampling points during one year, from Danxhó (19°5´17" - 53´46" N, 99° 32´42" - 35´40" W) reservoir. Samples of filtered zooplankton were also taken with a 125 micron net. The analysis of stomach contents was carried out in fish grouped by regular size intervals during each season of the year, using the volumetric method and Chesson’s selectivity coefficient. To evaluate the trophic overlap between the different size groups, the Morisita index, modified by Horn, was used. The zooplankton community was represented by twelve genera: Mastigodiaptomus and Cyclops (Copepoda); Bosmina, Diaphanosoma, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Moina, Alonopsis and Camptocercus, (Cladocera); Asplanchna, Conochillus and Filinia (Rotifera). Mastigodiaptomus was the most abundant throughout the year. The silverside consumed only four genera: Bosmina, Mastigodiaptomus, Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia; the group measuring 5 to 8.9 cm consumed a high percentage of Bosmina, Mastigodiaptomus and Daphnia, and a lesser percentage of Ceriodaphnia. The larger fish (9 to 10.9 cm) consumed only Mastigodiaptomus and Daphnia. In accordance with the selectivity values, the small and medium size silverside selected their prey, with more intensity on the genera Bosmina and Daphnia, while the bigger fish concentrated on Daphnia and Mastigodiaptomus. During spring, the silverside between 3 to 8.9 cm showed overlap in diet; in summer the bigger size group (7-10.9 cm) showed the overlap. In autumm the overlap ocurred in all sizes, and in winter it was shown only in the medium size fish (5-8.9 cm). Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 187-194. Epub 2009 June 30.

El charal Menidia humboldtiana es considerado como una de las especies de gran importancia en la industria pesquera de algunos estados de México. Es necesario conocer el efecto que esta especie ejerce sobre su alimento para saber si seleccionan las presas de mayor talla, si hay competencia por el alimento entre especies nativas e introducidas, y para comprender el comportamiento del zooplancton ante peces zooplanctófagos. Se determinó si M. humboldtiana selecciona su alimento, sobre qué géneros lo hace, y si existe traslape en la dieta entre las diferentes tallas. Los peces se recolectaron por medio de un chinchorro de 88 mm de abertura de malla, en seis estaciones de muestreo durante un año, en el embalse Danxhó, y una muestra de zooplancton fue recolectada por filtrado con una red de 125 µm. El análisis de los contenidos estomacales se realizó en peces agrupados en intervalos de longitud estándar para cada época del año, por medio del método volumétrico. Para evaluar el traslape trófico entre los diferentes intervalos de longitud, se utilizó el índice de Morisita modificado por Horn. El zooplancton estuvo representado por doce géneros: Mastigodiaptomus y Cyclops (Copepoda); Bosmina, Diaphanosoma, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Moina, Alonopsis y Camptocercus (Cladocera); Asplanchna, Conochillus y Filinia (Rotifera). Durante la primavera, los charales de 3-8.9 cm presentaron un marcado traslape, para el verano fueron los grandes (7-10.9 cm), en otoño el traslape fue en todas las tallas, y en invierno solo las tallas intermedias (5-8.9 cm) lo presentaron.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100019 Dieta de la carpa Notropis moralesi (Pisces: Cyprinidae) en el río Amacuzac, Morelos, México Trujillo-Jiménez Patricia Castro-Lara Miguel Ángel ,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas ,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Cuernavaca Morelos México 06 2009 2009 57 195 209

Diet of the chub, Notropis moralesi (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in the Amacuzac River, Morelos, Mexico. Notropis moralesi, locally known as "carpa tepelneme", is a small endemic fish of the Papaloapan River. We analyzed its diet and feeding habits. Specimens were captured monthly from Amacuzac, River, Morelos, Mexico. The gut content of 294 specimens was identified to the most specific taxonomic category possible. We quantified gut content by the numerical and frequency of occurrence methods and used the Levin’s amplitude of trophic niche indices and MacArthur and Levin`s indices for niche overlaping. The N. moralesi diet was composed by eleven prey categories, ten of which were of animal item. Chironomids and mayfly were the most consumed prey, independently of season and fish sex or size. We found ten nutritional components in the dry season, and eight in the rainy season. The estimated amplitude of trophic niche (Levin’s method) revealed high values in both seasons. The diet had ten nutritional components in immatures, eight in females and five in males. A Chi-squared test showed not significant differences in the diet by development stage, sex, and season. The niche overlaping index was high (above 0.60) for all analyses. N. moralesi is a carnivorous species with entomophagus tendencies. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 195-209. Epub 2009 June 30.

Notropis moralesi, conocido comúnmente como "carpa tepelneme", es un pez endémico del río Papaloapan. Se analizó su dieta y hábitos alimentarios. Se tomaron muestras mensuales en el río Amacuzac, Morelos, México. La identificación del contenido estomacal (294 ejemplares) se llevó hasta el taxon más específico posible. Para la cuantificación se utilizaron los métodos numérico (No) y frecuencia de aparición (F.O.). Se utilizó el índice de amplitud de nicho trófico de Levin y el índice de traslape de MacArthur y Levin. N. moralesi presentó la ingestión de once componentes alimenticios, de los cuales diez son de origen animal y uno vegetal. Los quironómidos y efemerópteros fueron los más consumidos independientemente del sexo, talla y época del año. El análisis por épocas del año, reportó diez componentes en el estiaje y ocho en las lluvias. La dieta de los inmaduros estuvo constituida por diez componentes, la de las hembras por ocho y el de los machos por cinco. La prueba de Ji-cuadrada reveló que no existen diferencias significativas entre las dietas por estadio de desarrollo, sexos y épocas del año. El traslape de los nichos tróficos, reveló valores superiores a 0.60 en todas las combinaciones por sexos y épocas del año. N. moralesi es una especie carnívora con tendencias insectívoras y presenta hábitos alimentarios de tipo bentófago.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100020 Diversity and aboveground biomass of lianas in the tropical seasonal rain forests of Xishuangbanna, SW China Lü Xiao-Tao Tang Jian-Wei Feng Zhi-Li Li Mai-He ,Chinese Academy of Sciences Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden China ,Snow and Landscape Research WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Switzerland 06 2009 2009 57 211 222

Lianas are important components of tropical forests and have significant impacts on the diversity, structure and dynamics of tropical forests. The present study documented the liana flora in a Chinese tropical region. Species richness, abundance, size-class distribution and spatial patterns of lianas were investigated in three 1-ha plots in tropical seasonal rain forests in Xishuangbanna, SW China. All lianas with = 2 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) were measured, tagged and identified. A total of 458 liana stems belonging to 95 species (ranging from 38 to 50 species/ha), 59 genera and 32 families were recorded in the three plots. The most well-represented families were Loganiaceae, Annonceae, Papilionaceae, Apocynaceae and Rhamnaceae. Papilionaceae (14 species recorded) was the most important family in the study forests. The population density, basal area and importance value index (IVI) varied greatly across the three plots. Strychnos cathayensis, Byttneria grandifolia and Bousigonia mekongensis were the dominant species in terms of IVI across the three plots. The mean aboveground biomass of lianas (3 396 kg/ha) accounted for 1.4% of the total community aboveground biomass. The abundance, diversity and biomass of lianas in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rain forests are lower than those in tropical moist and wet forests, but higher than those in tropical dry forests. This study provides new data on lianas from a geographical region that has been little-studied. Our findings emphasize that other factors beyond the amount and seasonality of precipitation should be included when considering the liana abundance patterns across scales. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 211-222. Epub 2009 June 30.

Las lianas son componentes importantes de los bosques tropicales y tienen importantes impactos en la diversidad, la estructura y la dinámica de los bosques tropicales. El presente estudio documenta la flora de lianas en una región tropical estacional china. La riqueza de especies, abundancia, clases de tamaño y patrones espaciales de distribución de las lianas fueron investigados en tres parcelas de una hectárea de bosque tropical estacional lluvioso, en Xishuangbanna, SW China. Todas las lianas con = 2 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) fueron medidas, etiquetadas e identificadas. Un total de 458 tallos de lianas pertenecientes a 95 especies (que van de 38 a 50 especies/ha), 59 géneros y 32 familias se registraron en las tres parcelas. Las familias mejor representadas fueron Loganiaceae, Annonceae, Papilionaceae, Apocynaceae y Rhamnaceae. Papilionaceae (14 especies registradas) fue la de mayor importancia. La densidad de población, área basal y el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) varió mucho a través de las tres parcelas. Strychnos cathayensis, Byttneria grandifolia y Bousigonia mekongensis fueron las especies dominantes en términos de IVI en las tres parcelas. La media de la biomasa aérea de lianas (3 396 kg/ha) representó el 1.4% de la biomasa aérea total de la comunidad. La abundancia, biomasa y diversidad de lianas en bosques tropicales estacionales de Xishuangbanna son inferiores a los de zonas tropicales y bosques húmedos, pero superiores a los de los bosques tropicales secos. Este estudio proporciona nuevos datos sobre las lianas de una región geográfica que ha sido poco estudiada. Los resultados enfatizan que otros factores, además de la cantidad y la estacionalidad de la precipitación, deben ser considerados al examinar los patrones de la abundancia de lianas.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100021 Soil dehydrogenase in a land degradation-rehabilitation gradient: observations from a savanna site with a wet/dry seasonal cycle Doi Ryoichi Ranamukhaarachchi Senaratne Leelananda ,Asian Institute of Technology Thailand 06 2009 2009 57 223 234

Soil dehydrogenase activity is a good indicator of overall microbial activity in soil, and it can serve as a good indicator of soil condition. However, seasonal changes in soil moisture content may have an effect on soil dehydrogenase activity, making an accurate assessment of soil condition difficult. In this study, we attempted to determine the significance of soil dehydrogenase activity for assessing soil condition, and we attempted to find a way to account for the influence of soil moisture content on soil dehydrogenase activity. Soils were sampled in dry evergreen forest (original vegetation), bare ground (severely degraded) and Acacia plantation plots established on bare ground in 1986 and 1987 in Sakaerat, Thailand. Soil physico-chemical characteristics and dehydrogenase activity in the Acacia plantation soil had few differences from those in the evergreen forest soil. Soil dehydrogenase activity varied significantly between the bare ground and the forests regardless of the season (wet or dry), while the season did not produce a significant variation in soil dehydrogenase activity, as determined by repeated measures analysis of variance (p=0.077). The physico-chemical data provided the first principal component as a good measure of soil fertility. Values of soil dehydrogenase activity significantly correlated to scores of the soil samples of the first principal component (R=0.787, p<0.001). We found that soil dehydrogenase activity is a useful indicator of the extent of soil degradation and the rehabilitative effects of reforestation in this part of Thailand. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 223-234. Epub 2009 June 30.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100022 Relación entre morfología foliar de antófitos y factores abióticos en las principales pluvisilvas de la Región Oriental cubana Martínez Quesada Eddy ,Centro de Investigaciones de Ambiente de Camagüey 06 2009 2009 57 235 256

Relationship between antophyte foliar morphology and abiotic factors in the main rainforests of Eastern Cuba. The foliar morphology of representative antophytes in four rainforest types of Eastern Cuba was studied in relation to the main abiotic factors. Although there are several leaf types in these forests, the microphyll type is the most important among endemic species in the ophiolites complex and the Montane rainforest. At the Lowland rainforest (metamorphic complex) the mesophyll leaf was the most important. Most foliar epidermis had structures normally found in mesomorphic plants, but xeromorphic and higromorphic morphologies were also present. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 235-256. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudió la morfología foliar de los antófitos que son representativos de cuatro tipos de pluvisilvas de la Región Oriental de Cuba y se relacionó con los principales factores abióticos. Se encontró que existen varios tipos de hojas, pero predominó la micrófila en las especies endémicas y la mesófila, en las no endémicas. En la epidermis foliar se hallaron estructuras que son características de plantas mesomórficas y algunas xeromórficas, pero también se observaron otras que permiten una adaptación a las condiciones de alta humedad atmosférica, las que se consideraron higromórficas.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100023 Seed rain dynamics following disturbance exclusion in a secondary tropical dry forest in Morelos, Mexico Ceccon Eliane Hernández Patricia ,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México aCentro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias Morelos México ,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos 06 2009 2009 57 257 269

In most of the legally protected areas in Mexico local inhabitants use natural resources, such as fire wood or cattle grazing. These frequent but low-intensity disturbances have consequences at various levels of the tropical ecosystems and strongly impact forest structure and its regeneration capacity. Despite their importance, the effects of these perturbations in many aspects of tropical forest ecology and in the forest’s capacity to recover after disturbance exclusion remain poorly understood. Understanding the impact of these processes on tropical forests is necessary for rehabilitating these forests and enhancing their productivity. In this study, we evaluate the impact of twelve years of exclusion (E) of cattle grazing and fire wood extraction in the composition and dynamics of seed rain, and compare this assessment to a similar analysis in an area where these perturbations continued (without exclusion, WE). We found a strong seasonality in seed rain (96% of seeds fell in the dry season) in both areas. There were no significant differences between E and WE sites in relation to overall seed density, species richness and diversity. However, the distribution along the year of seed species density was significantly different among the E and WE sites. The Jaccard’s similarity index between E and WE sites was relatively low (0.57). Barochory was the most common dispersal mode observed among the 23 species in terms of seed species density (48%), followed by anemochory (39%) and zoochory (13%). In relation to seed density, anemochory was the most frequent dispersal mode (88%). Most species in the zone were categorized as small seeds (92%), and there were no significant differences in the distribution of seed size between E and WE. The spatial pattern of dispersal of the four species with the highest relative importance value index, in both areas, was aggregated. Twelve years of disturbance exclusion were not enough to fully restore the seed rain of the area; some differences were already perceptible after this lapse. On the other hand, zoochorous species were almost absent from both sites. The re-introduction of climax and animal-dispersed species may be, in addition to perturbation exclusion, a viable strategy to accelerate ecological restoration in this area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 257-269. Epub 2009 June 30.

En la gran mayoría de las áreas legalmente protegidas en México, los habitantes locales utilizan los recursos naturales para leña o para la alimentación de animales. Estas perturbaciones frecuentes y de baja intensidad, impactan fuertemente la estructura y la capacidad de regeneración de los ecosistemas tropicales. A pesar de su importancia, la dinámica de la regeneración después de la exclusión de la perturbación, todavía es poco conocida. Evaluamos el impacto de doce años de exclusión (E) de la entrada del ganado y extracción de leña en la composición y dinámica de la lluvia de semillas al comparar con un área sin la exclusión de estas perturbaciones (SE). Se encontró una fuerte estacionalidad en la lluvia de semillas (96% de las semillas cayeron en la estación seca). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los sitios excluidos y no excluidos en relación a la densidad, riqueza de especies y diversidad de las semillas. Sin embargo, la distribución de estas semillas al largo del año, fue significativamente distinta entre los dos sitios. El índice de similitud entre los sitios (E y SE) fue relativamente bajo (0.57). La barocoria fue el modo de dispersión más común entre las 23 especies (48%), seguida por la anemocoria (39%) y la zoocoria (13%). En lo que se refiere a la densidad de semillas, la anemocoria fue el modo de dispersión más observado (88%). La mayoría de las especies tienen semillas pequeñas (92%) y no se encontraron diferencias en la distribución de semillas por clases de tamaño entre los sitios E y SE. La distribución espacial de las cuatro especies más importantes fue agregada. Aunque los 12 años de exclusión no fueron suficientes para restaurar completamente el potencial regenerativo de la zona, algunas diferencias ya empezaron a ser perceptibles. Casi no hay especies zoocoras en ambos sitios y la reintroducción de especies clímax y atractoras de animales podría ser un estrategia interesante, además de la exclusión de la perturbación, para acelerar la restauración ecológica.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100024 Florística y fisonomía de un matorral xerófilo espinoso intervenido en Punta de Piedras, Municipio Miranda, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Vera Antonio Martínez Maritza Ayala Yin Montes Sadieth González Anderson ,Universidad del Zulia Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación Laboratorio de Ecología Estado Zulia Venezuela ,Universidad del Zulia Facultad de Humanidades y Educación Centro de Investigaciones en Química de los Productos Naturales Estado Zulia Venezuela ,Universidad del Zulia Facultad de Humanidades y Educación estado Zulia Venezuela 06 2009 2009 57 271 281

Floristic and physiognomic characteristics of disturbed thorny xerophytic scrubland in Punta de Piedras, Miranda Municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela. We determined the floristic and physiognomic aspects of disturbed thorny xerophytic scrubland in Punta de Piedras, Miranda Municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela. Botanical sampling was done twice monthly (November 2005-June 2006), in both rainy and dry seasons, for a total of 16 samples. The sampling was done in 10 vegetation patches, in an average area of 718,2 ± 706,24 m², and adjacent graminoid floristic components were identified using three 400 m² (20 x 20 m) plots, divided into 4 subplots (20 x 5 m²) and in these, were delimited 12 subplots (1 x 1 m²). In addition, human paths were carried out in order to identify other species plant. Thorny xerophytic scrubland showed human disturbances e.g. periodic fires, solid wastes, roads and human settlements and coastal semiarid thorny scrubland characteristics, similar to another Venezuelan localities. Forty-five species, in 22 families were identified, and the Poaceae (6), Mimosaceae (4), Boraginaceae (3), Cactaceae (3), Caesalpinaceae (3), Euphorbiaceae (3) and Fabaceae (3) presented the highest number of species. Human disturbances probably favor the appearance of vegetation patches and secondary grassland formations. In the last, Aristida venesuelae, Aristida pittieri y Portulaca pilosa showed the highest relative abundances and frequencies values with a summatory of 49,38% and 46,86%, respectively, while in the patches there were observed two layer: an herbaceous layer (less than 1 m high) as well as a bush-tree layer (2.63 ± 1.37 m high), comprised mostly of Opuntia wentiana, Piptadenia flava and Jatropha gossypifolia with relative abundances of 32,82, 15,60 and 15,14 %, respectively. The thorny xerophytic scrubland in Punta de Piedras presents a low number of species; however, the physiognomic characteristics are similar to other undisturbed thorny xerophytic scrublands in Venezuela. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 271-281. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se determinaron los aspectos florísticos y fisonómicos de un matorral xerófilo espinoso intervenido de Punta de Piedras, municipio Miranda, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se realizaron dieciséis muestreos quincenales, entre noviembre 2005 y junio 2006, para la recolecta, identificación y conteo de las especies tanto en el periodo lluvioso como en el seco. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en 10 manchones de vegetación con un área promedio de 718 ± 706.24 m², en una formación graminiforme en la que se emplearon tres parcelas de 20 x 20 (400 m²), dividiéndose cada una de éstas en cuatro subparcelas de 20 x 5 (100 m²) y a su vez, dentro de ellas, se delimitaron 12 subparcelas de 1 x 1. (1 m²), y también se realizaron recorridos para el reconocimiento de otras especies de la zona. El matorral xerófilo espinoso mostró evidencias de intervención antropogénica como quemas periódicas, deposición de desechos sólidos, caminerías para el tránsito de las personas y asentamientos poblacionales en las zonas circunvecinas; y presentó una vegetación semiárida de espinar costero característica y comparable a la señalada para otras regiones del país. Se identificaron 45 especies agrupadas en 22 familias, entre las cuales destacaron: las Poaceae (6), Mimosaceae (4), Boraginaceae (3), Cactaceae (3) Caesalpinaceae (3), Euphorbiaceae (3) y Fabaceae (3). La intervención antropogénica parece generar la aparición de manchones de vegetación arbustiva y arbórea y de una formación graminiforme o pastizal. En esta última, Aristida venesuelae, Aristida pittieri y Portulaca pilosa presentaron los mayores valores de abundancia y frecuencia relativa cuya sumatoria corresponde a 49.38% y 46.86%, respectivamente; mientras que en los manchones se destacaron dos estratos: uno herbáceo menor a 1 m, y otro estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de bajo porte (2.63 ± 1.37 m de altura media), conformado principalmente por Opuntia wentiana, Piptadenia flava y Jatropha gossypifolia, especies que presentaron las mayores abundancias relativas de 32.82, 15.60 y 15.14%, respectivamente. El matorral xerófilo espinoso de Punta de Piedras presentó un bajo número de especies en comparación con otras comunidades xerófilas, no intervenidas, del país. Sin embargo, a pesar de la intervención antropogénica presente en esta comunidad, los manchones de vegetación mostraron rasgos fisonómicos análogos a los correspondientes a otras formaciones xerófilas espinosas no perturbadas de Venezuela.

 thorny xerophytic scrubland very dry tropical forest disturbed ecosystem floristic inventory vegetative physiognomy Venezuela Zulia matorral xerófilo espinoso bosque muy seco tropical ecosistema perturbado inventario florístico fisonomía de vegetación Venezuela Zulia Aristeguieta L Familias y géneros de árboles de Venezuela Familias y géneros de árboles de Venezuela 1973 Caracas Instituto Botánico, Dirección de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Edición Especial del Instituto Botánico. Gráficas Continente S.A Castillo A Gómez S Moreno O Aspectos florísticos y fisionómicos de un ecosistema semiárido del Litoral Central, Municipio Vargas, Distrito Federal Acta Biol. Venez 1992 13 Cumana L Prieto A Ojeda G Flórula de la Laguna de Chacopata, Península de Araya, Estado Sucre, Venezuela Saber 2000 12 Ewel J Madriz A Zonas de Vida de Venezuela Zonas de Vida de Venezuela 1968 Caracas Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, Ediciones del Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Editorial Sucre Fernández Badillo A Zonas de Vida del Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela Rev. Fac. Agron. UCV (Maracay) 1997 23 García R Peguero B Clase T Veloz A Jiménez F Mejías M Flora y vegetación de las zonas áridas de la Sierra Martín García, República Dominicana Moscosoa 2007 15 González E Estudio preliminar de la vegetación del bosque xerófilo de la región de Las Peonías (Estado Zulia, Venezuela) Bol. Centro Invest. Biol 1980 14 Huber O Alarcón C Mapa de Vegetación de Venezuela. Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Resursos Naturales Renovables, Dirección General de Información e Investigación del Ambiente. Dirección de Suelos, Vegetación y Fauna. División de Vegetación, Escala 1:2.000.000 Base Cartográfica MOP Mapa de Vegetación de Venezuela. Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Resursos Naturales Renovables, Dirección General de Información e Investigación del Ambiente. Dirección de Suelos, Vegetación y Fauna. División de Vegetación, Escala 1:2.000.000 Base Cartográfica MOP 1988 Caracas Oscar Todtmann Editores, Editorial Arte S. A Little E. L Árboles comunes de Venezuela: Introducción general a la obra Árboles comunes de Venezuela: Introducción general a la obra 1986 Mérida Consejo de Desarrollo Científico, Humanístico y Tecnológico, Consejo de Publicaciones, Universidad de los Andes López M. J Ramírez N Composición florística y abundancia de las especies en un remanente de bosque deciduo secundario Acta Biol. Venez 2004 24 Atlas de Venezuela Atlas de Venezuela 1980 Caracas Dirección General de Investigación del Ambiente. Dirección de Cartografía Nacional Noguera E Ruiz Zapata T Caracterización florística y fisonómica de tres parcelas ubicadas en el cerro "La Gruta", San Sebastián, Estado Aragua, Venezuela Ernstia 2004 14 Prieto A González L Cornejo P Aspectos ecológicos de una población del cactus columnar Stenocereus griseus (Haw) F. Buxb en áreas xerofíticas del Cerro Colorado, Estado Sucre, Venezuela Bol. Centro Invest. Biol 2001 35 Santana R Montagnini F Louman B Villalobos R Gómez M Productos de bosques secundarios del Sur de Nicaragua con potencial para la elaboración de artesanías de Masaya Revista Forestal Centroamericana 2002 38 Sarmiento G Goodall D. W Evolution of arid vegetation in tropical America Evolution of desert biota Evolution of desert biota 1976 Londres Univ. Texas Silva A Espinoza F Aspectos ecológicos del Cayo Noreste en el Refugio de Fauna Silvestre "Cuare", Estado Falcón, Venezuela Acta Bot. Venez 1995 18 Soriano P Sosa M Rossell O Hábitos alimentarios de Glossophaga longirostris Millar (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en una zona árida de los Andes venezolanos Rev. Biol. Trop 1991 39 Steyermark J Flora del Parque Nacional Morrocoy: Editado por: Bruno Manara Flora del Parque Nacional Morrocoy: Editado por: Bruno Manara 1994 Caracas Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela y Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, Retolit C.A Tamayo F El espinar costanero Bol. Soc. Ven. Cien. Nat 1967 27 Vera A López O Montes S Morillo K Ayala Y Presencia de plantas hemiparásitas y hospederas en dos ecosistemas intervenidos del Municipio Miranda, Estado Zulia, Venezuela Bol. Centro Invest. Biol 2005 39 Zambrano J. O La sabana xerofítica: nueva denominación como tipo de vegetación en la Goajira venezolana Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 1994 11 Zambrano J. O Fuenmayor E El bosque muy seco tropical del Jardín Botánico de Maracaibo Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 1977 3
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100025 Dispersión polínica y éxito reproductivo de cuatro especies arbóreas de un bosque xerófito de Argentina Torretta Juan Pablo Basilio Alicia M ,Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Agronomía Cátedra de Botánica Agrícola Buenos Aires Argentina ,Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Agronomía Buenos Aires Argentina 06 2009 2009 57 283 292

Pollen dispersion and reproductive success of four tree species of a xerophytic forest from Argentina. The "talares" in eastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are coastal xerophitic forests structured by few arboreal species surrounded by a lower and moister soil matrix. We studied the reproductive parameters of the most representative arboreal species (Celtis tala, Scutia buxifolia, Jodina rhombifolia,and Schinus longifolia). Pollen dispersion was studied through floral visitor traps (biotic dispersion) and using gravimetric pollen collectors (abiotic dispersion). The reproductive success (fruit formation rate) of the focal species was studied by enclosing flowers with different mesh bags. The reproductive system varied among the different species. C. tala was anemophilous and selfcompatible. S. buxifolia was entomophilous and floral visitors dependant. J. rhombifolia was entomophylous, although spontaneous autogamy could favor reproduction in the absence of pollinators. Lastly, S. longifolia could be an ambophilous species (pollinated by insects and by the wind). This dual system may be the result of system flexibility mechanism or an evolutionary transition. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 283-292. Epub 2009 June 30.

Los "talares" del E de la provincia de Buenos Aires son bosques xerófitos costeros estructurados por pocas especies arbóreas rodeados de una matriz de suelos más bajos y húmedos. Estudiamos los parámetros reproductivos de las especies arbóreas más representativas (Celtis tala, Scutia buxifolia, Jodina rhombifolia y Schinus longifolia). La dispersión polínica fue estudiada a través de trampas para visitantes florales (dispersión biótica) y utilizando recolectores gravimétricos de polen (dispersión abiótica). El éxito reproductivo (tasa de formación de frutos) de las especies focales fue estudiado a través de embolsado de flores con bolsas de distintos tipos de malla. El sistema reproductivo varió entre las especies. C. tala resultó anemófila y autocompatible, S. buxifolia fue entomófila y dependiente de los visitantes florales. J. rhombifolia fue una especie entomófila, aunque la autogamia espontánea podría favorecer al aseguramiento reproductivo en caso de falta de polinizadores. Finalmente, S. longifolia podría ser una especie ambófila (polinizada por insectos y por el viento). Este sistema dual podría ser el resultado de un mecanismo de flexibilidad del sistema de polinización o una transición evolutiva.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100026 Influence of leaflet age in anatomy and possible adaptive values of the midrib gall of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) de Oliveira Denis Coelho dos Santos Isaias Rosy Mary ,Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais Institute of Biological Sciences Department of Botany Belo Horizonte MG Brazil ,Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais Institute of Biological Sciences Department of Botany 06 2009 2009 57 293 302

Gall inducing insects most frequently oviposit in young tissues because these tissues have higher metabolism and potential for differentiation. However, these insects may also successfully establish in mature tissues as was observed in the super-host Copaifera langsdorffii. Among C. langsdorffii gall morphotypes, one of the most common is a midrib gall induced by an undescribed species of Cecidomyiidae. Following this ‘host plant and gall-inducing insect’ model, we addressed two questions: 1) Do the age of the tissues alter the gall extended phenotype? 2) Do gall morphological and anatomical features influence the adaptive value of the galling insect? For anatomical and histometrical studies, transverse sections of young and mature, galled and ungalled samples were prepared. Galls in young leaflets presented higher potential for cell division and greater nutritive reserves, whereas galls in mature leaflets perhaps provide more protection against natural predators and desiccation. Host organ age at the time of oviposition may influence plant cell fates and consequently the interpretation of the adaptive value of insect galls. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 293-302. Epub 2009 June 30.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100027 Wood anatomy of tribe Detarieae and comparison with tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in Venezuela Melandri José Luis Espinoza de Pernía Narcisana ,Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas Mérida Venezuela ,Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas 06 2009 2009 57 303 319

We studied the wood anatomy of 29 species belonging to 10 genera of the tribe Detarieae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae and compare them with tribe Caesalpinieae. Detarieae is the largest of four tribes of Caesalpinioideae, with 84 genera, only eleven occur in Venezuela with species of timber importance. The specimens were collected in Venezuela and include wood samples from the collection of the Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales de la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, and of the Forest Products Laboratory of the USDA Forest Service in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. The terminology and methodology used followed the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood identification of the IAWA Committee, 1989. Measurements from each specimen were averaged (vessel diameters, vessel element lengths, intervessels pit size, fibre lengths and ray height). The species of Detarieae can be separated using a combination of diagnostic features. Wood characters that provide the most important diagnosis and may be used in systematics of Detarieae include: intercellular axial canals, rays heterocellular, rays exclusively or predominantly uniseriate, prismatic crystals common in ray cells, irregular storied structure and fibre wall thickness. For comparative anatomy between Detarieae and Caesalpinieae: intercellular axial canals, heterocellular rays, rays exclusively or predominantly uniseriate, prismatic crystals common in ray cells (in Detarieae) and regular storied structure, fibres septate, fibre wall thick or very thick, rays homocellular, multiseriate rays and silica bodies (in Caesalpinieae). Axial parenchyma is typically a good diagnostic feature for Leguminosae, but not for Detarieae and Caesalpinieae comparisons. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 303-319. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudió la anatomía de la madera de 29 especies de 10 géneros de la tribu Detarieae, subfamilia Caesalpinioideae, enfocado hacia la identificación de la estructura de la madera y su comparación con la tribu Caesalpinieae. Los especímenes fueron recolectados en Venezuela y pertenecen a la colecciones de maderas del Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela y del USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Las características anatómicas evaluadas siguen lo propuesto por IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood identification (IAWA Committee 1989). Las especies de la tribu Detarieae pueden ser identificadas usando un número de características de diagnóstico combinadas: canales intercelulares longitudinales, radios heterocelulares exclusiva o predominantemente uniseriados, patrones del parénquima axial, cristales prismáticos en las células radiales, estructura estratificada y grosor de las paredes de las fibras. Estos caracteres también proporcionan una valiosa información para estudios sistemáticos y filogenéticos. Se presenta la descripción anatómica a nivel de género, una tabla sinóptica con los caracteres de diagnóstico principales y fotomicrografías de las características más importantes.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100028 Recruitment dynamics of the tropical rainforest tree Dipteryx oleifera (Fabaceae) in eastern Nicaragua Ruiz Javier Boucher Douglas H Ruiz-Moreno Diego Ingram-Flóres Cherryl ,The University of Michigan USA ,Union of Concerned Scientists USA ,Programa Científico Complementario Nicaragua 06 2009 2009 57 321 338

Seed production, seed dispersal and recruitment are critical processes in population dynamics, because they are almost never completely successful. We recorded the recruitment dynamics for the population of Dipteryx oleifera in a tropical rainforest in eastern Nicaragua (12°05’ N., 83°55’ W.) from March 2002 to August 2006. Seeds and seedlings had highly clumped distributions, while sapling distributions appeared to be random. Seedling survival increased away from the nearest conspecifc adult tree, where seedling density is lower. Since relative growth rates of seedlings are not correlated with the distance to the nearest conspecific adult, seedling survival appears to be independent of seedling growth. Seedling density is inversely correlated with seedling insect herbivory damage. Seedling survival correlated negatively with the number of saplings per sub-plot (10x10m), suggesting that insect herbivore may also cue in on saplings rather than only on adult D. oleifera trees in order to locate seedlings. Seedling establishment is significantly clumped with respect to the nearest adult tree. Larger clumps of seedlings seems more ephemeral than isolated smaller clumps located away from the nearest D. oleifera tree. These results support current empirical evidence presented earlier for the Janzen-Connell hypothesis for Dipteryx oleifera at seed and seedling stages and, the Recruitment Limitation hypothesis at the sapling stage, because sapling individuals might have recruited after random light-gap formation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 321-338. Epub 2009 June 30.

Resumen Estudiamos la dinámica de regeneración de la población de Dipteryx oleifera en un bosque húmedo tropical del este de Nicaragua. Semillas y plántulas se encuentran altamente agregadas, pero la distribución de vástagos podría ser al azar. La supervivencia de plántulas aumenta con la distancia al congéner más cercano, donde la densidad de plántulas es más baja. Como las tasas de crecimiento relativo de plántulas no se correlacionan con la distancia al congénere más cercano, la supervivencia de las plantas pareciera no estar determinada por el crecimiento de plántulas. La densidad de plántulas está inversamente correlacionada con los niveles de daño de herbivoría insectívora. La supervivencia de plántulas se correlaciona negativamente con el número de vástagos, lo cuál sugiere que los insectos herbívoros podrían estar localizando vástagos y árboles y de allí, las plántulas. La supervivencia de plántulas presentó una distribución significativamente agrupada lejos de los congéneres más cercanos. Los parches de plántulas más grandes fueron más efímeros que los parches pequeños y aislados ubicados lejos de los árboles adultos. Los resultados coinciden con la hipótesis de Janzen-Connell sobre estados de semilla y plántula. Además, ofrecen evidencia en favor de la hipótesis de Limitación de Reclutamiento para los vástagos, ya que los vástagos podrían estar estableciéndose en claros de luz pequeños que se forman al azar.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100029 Composición de la fauna de Araneae (Arachnida) de la Reserva provincial Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina Avalos Gilberto Damborsky Miryam P Bar María E Oscherov Elena B Porcel E ,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura Corrientes Argentina ,Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura Corrientes Argentina 06 2009 2009 57 339 351

Composition of the Araneae (Arachnida) fauna of the provincial Iberá Reserve, Corrientes, Argentina. A survey of the spider community composition and diversity was carried out in grasslands and woods in three localities: Colonia Pellegrini, Paraje Galarza and Estancia Rincón (iberá province Reserve). Pit fall traps, leaf litter sifting, foliage beating, hand collecting and sweep nets were used. Shannon’s diversity index, evenness, Berger-Parker’s dominance index, ß and <IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbt/v57n1-2/y.jpg" WIDTH=23 HEIGHT=25> diversity were calculated, and a checklist of spider fauna was compiled. Species richness was estimated by Chao 1, Chao 2, first and second order Jack-knife. A total of 4 138 spiders grouped into 150 species from 33 families of Araneomorphae and two species from two families of Mygalomorphae were collected. Five species are new records for Argentina and eleven for Corrientes province. Araneidae was the most abundant family (39.8%), followed by Salticidae (10.9%), Anyphaenidae (7.9%), Tetragnathidae (7.4%), and Lycosidae (5.5%). The other families represented less than 5% of the total catch. The web-builder guild had the highest number of specimens and the highest richness index. The abundance, observed richness, Shannon diversity and evenness indexes were highest in Colonia Pellegrini woodland and Paraje Galarza grassland. Alpha diversity represented 89% of the gamma; the remaining 11% corresponded to ß diversity. According to the indexes, between 67% and 97% of the existing spider fauna was represented in the collected specimens from iberá. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 339-351. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudió la composición y diversidad de la comunidad de arañas de la Reserva provincial iberá, Corrientes, Argentina. Se realizaron capturas en bosque y pastizal en Colonia Pellegrini, Paraje Galarza y Estancia Rincón por medio de las técnicas de muestreo: trampas "pit-fall", tamizado, golpeteo de follaje, observación directa y red de arrastre. Las arañas se agruparon en gremios y se compiló un inventario. La similitud entre localidades y unidades ambientales se midió con el índice de Jaccard, y se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon, equitabilidad, dominancia de Berger-Parker, y la diversidad beta y gamma. Para estimar la riqueza de especies se utilizó Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 y 2. En total se recolectaron 4 138 arañas, se identificaron 33 familias y 150 especies de Araneomorphae, y dos familias y dos especies de Mygalomorphae. Cinco especies son nuevos registros para Argentina y 11 para la provincia de Corrientes. Araneidae fue la familia más abundante (39.8%), seguida por Salticidae (10.9%), Anyphaenidae (7.9%), Tetragnathidae (7.4%), Lycosidae (5.5%), y las restantes familias representaron menos del 5% de la captura total. El gremio de arañas tejedoras de telas orbiculares fue el de mayor abundancia y riqueza de especies. Entre las unidades ambientales, la mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad se verificó en el bosque de Colonia Pellegrini y en el pastizal de Paraje Galarza. La diversidad a fue alta, representó el 89% de la diversidad gamma, y la diversidad ß constituyó el 11% restante. Según los diferentes índices se capturó entre el 67% y el 97% de las especies que están presentes en la Reserva.

 Araneae woods grassland diversity Iberá Reserve Corrientes Araneae bosque pastizal diversidad Reserva Iberá Avalos G Rubio G. D Bar M.E González A Arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) asociadas a dos bosques degradados del Chaco húmedo en Corrientes, Argentina Rev. Biol. Trop 2007 55 Avalos G Rubio G.D Bar M.E Damborsky M.P Lista preliminar de la araneofauna (Arachnida: Araneae) del Centro-Norte de la Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina Rev. Ibérica Aracnol 2006 13 Carnevali R Fitogeografía de la Provincia de Corrientes Fitogeografía de la Provincia de Corrientes 1994 ^eCorrientes Inst. Nac. de Tec. Agrop Clausen I.H.S The use of spiders (Araneae) as ecological indicators B. British Arachnol. Soc 1986 7 Coddington J.A Levi H.W Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst 1991 22 Corronca J.A Abdala C.S La fauna araneológica de la Reserva Ecológica "El Bagual", Formosa, Argentina: Nota preliminar Aracnología 1994 ^s9 Dippenaar-Schoeman A.S van den Berg A.M van den Berg A Species composition and relative seasonal abundance of spiders from the field and tree layers of the Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve Koedoe 1989 32 Downie I.S Wilson W.L Abernethy V.J McCracken D.I Foster G.N Ribera I Waterhouse A Murphy K.J The impact of different agricultural landuses on epigeal spider biodiversity in Scotland J. Insect Conservation 1999 3 Enders F Clutch size related to hunting manner of Spider species Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am 1976 69 Florez D.E Estructura de comunidades de arañas (Araneae) en el departamento Del valle, suroccidente de Colombia Caldasia 1998 20 Florez D.E Comunidad de arañas de la región Pacífica del departamento del valle del Cauca, Colombia Rev. Colombiana de Entomol 2000 26 Good P Permutation Tests: A practical guide to resampling methods for testing hypotheses Permutation Tests: A practical guide to resampling methods for testing hypotheses 2000 ^eNueva York Springer Höfer H The spider community (Araneae) of a central Amazonian blackwater inundation forest (Igapó) Acta Zool. Fennica 1990 190 Lande R Statistics and partitioning of species diversity and similarities among multiple communities Oikos 1996 76 Liljesthröm G Minervino E Castro D González A La comunidad de arañas del cultivo de soja en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Neotrop. Entomol 2002 31 Maelfait J.P Jocque R Baert L Desender K Heathland management and spiders Acta Zool. Fennica 1990 190 Moreno C.E Métodos para medir la biodiversidad Métodos para medir la biodiversidad 2001 Zaragoza M & T- Manuales & Tesis. SEA New T.R Untangling the web: spiders and the challenges of invertebrate conservation J. Insect Conservation 1999 3 Neiff J. J Poi De Neiff A. S. 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Entomol 2008 37 Russell-Smith A Coe M McWilliam N Stone G Parker M The spiders of Mkomazi Game Reserve Mkomazi: theEcology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian Savanna Mkomazi: theEcology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian Savanna 1999 Londres Blackwell Ruzicka V Biodiagnostic evaluation of epigeic spider communities Ekológia (CSSR) 1987 6 Samu F Lövei G.L Species richness of a spider community (Araneae): Extrapolation from simulated increasing sampling effort European J. Entomol 1995 92 Silva D Coddington J.A Wilson D.E Sandoval A Spiders of Pakitza (Madre de Dios, Peru): species richness and notes in community structure The biodiversity of Pakitza and its environs The biodiversity of Pakitza and its environs 1996 ^eWashington DC Smithsonian institution Sorensen L. L Coddington J. A Scharff N Inventorying and estimating subcanopy spider diversity using semiquantitative sampling methods in an Afromontane forest Environ. Entomol 2002 31 Tressens S.G Vanni R. O Lopez M.G Arbo M.M Tressens S.G Las plantas terrestres Flora del Iberá Flora del Iberá 2002 Corrientes EUDENE Uetz G. W Bell S. S McCoy E. D Mushinsky H. R Habitat structure and spider foraging Habitat Structure: The physical arrangement of objects in space Habitat Structure: The physical arrangement of objects in space 1991 Londres Chapman & Hall Whitmore C Slotow R Crouch T.E Dippenaar-Schoeman A.S Diversity of spiders (Araneae) in a savanna Reserve, Northern Province, South Africa J. Arachnol 2002 30 Wise D.H Spiders in Ecological Webs Spiders in Ecological Webs 1993 Cambridge Cambridge Wise D Efectos directos e indirectos de las arañas en la red trófica del mantillo del bosque 2002 Congr. Argent. de Entomol Buenos Aires Colwell R.K EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples 2005 Hammer O Harper D.A.T Ryan P.D PAST Palaeontological Statistics, Version: 1.43 PAST Palaeontological Statistics, Version: 1.43 2006 Platnick N. I The World Spider Catalog, Version 9.0 The World Spider Catalog, Version 9.0 2008 American Museum of Natural History
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100030 Prevalence of fur mites (Acari: Atopomelidae) in non-human primates of Costa Rica Troyo Adriana Solano Mayra E Calderón-Arguedas Ólger Chinchilla Misael Sánchez Rónald Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo A ,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología Departamento de Parasitología San José Costa Rica ,Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Departamento de Investigación San José Costa Rica ,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología Sede de Occidente Alajuela Costa Rica ,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias San José Costa Rica 06 2009 2009 57 353 360

Parasites have been investigated for some New World primates; however, very little is known about ectoparasites and specifically fur mites. In this study, Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus, Saimiri oerstedii, and Ateles geoffroyi monkeys from different areas of Costa Rica were searched for fur mites. A total of 276 monkeys were evaluated, and 51 of them were positive for mites of the family Atopomelidae. Listrocarpus alouattae was identified on 22.3% of A. palliata; Listrocarpus capucinus on 12.8% of C. capucinus; and Listrocarpus costaricensis on 36.8% of S. oerstedii; No fur mites were found on A. geoffroyi. Sex was not considered a determinant of mite infestation, but prevalence was significantly higher in the Central Volcanic Mountain Range Conservation Area for L. alouattae (p=0.01) and in the Central Pacific Conservation Area for L. capucinus (p=0.002). These primate fur mites are highly host-specific. Differences in the geographical distribution may be due to monkey behavior and history, as well as to environmental conditions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 353-360. Epub 2009 June 30.

Muy poco se conoce sobre los ectoparásitos, específicamente de los ácaros del pelo, de primates del Nuevo Mundo. En este estudio se buscaron ácaros del pelo en monos Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus, Saimiri oerstedii y Ateles geoffroyi provenientes de diferentes áreas de Costa Rica. Se evaluaron 276 monos en total y 51 de ellos se encontraron positivos por ácaros de la familia Atopomelidae. Se identificó Listrocarpus alouattae en el 22.3% de los A. palliata, Listrocarpus capucinus en el 12.8% de los C. capucinus y Listrocarpus costaricensis en el 36.8% de los S. oerstedii. El sexo no fue un determinante de la infestación por ácaros, pero la prevalencia de L. alouattae fue significativamente mayor en el Área de Conservación Cordillera Volcánica Central (p=0.01) y la de L. capucinus fue mayor en el Área de Conservación Pacífico Central (p=0.002). Estos ácaros del pelo de primates son altamente específicos en relación con su hospedero. Las diferencias en la distribución geográfica podrían deberse al comportamiento e historia de los monos, así como a las condiciones ambientales.

 Atopomelidae mite Alouatta palliata Cebus capucinus Saimiri oerstedii Ateles geoffroyi Costa Rica Atopomelidae ácaro Alouatta palliata Cebus capucinus Saimiri oerstedii Ateles geoffroyi Costa Rica Bochkov A.V OConnor B.M Phylogeny and host associations of the fur-mite subgenus Listrophoroides (sensu stricto) Hirst (Acari : Atopomelidae) with an intriguing example of synhospitality on rats of the genus Maxomys Invertebr. Syst 2005 19 Bochkov A.V Klimov P.B OConnor B.M Fur-mites of the genus Atopomelus Trouessart, 1918 (Acari: Atopomelidae) life-cycle phylogeny and host parasite-associations Acarologia 2005 45 Boinski S Sirot L Uncertain conservation status of Squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica, Saimiri oerstedi oerstedi and Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus Folia Primatol 1997 68 Boinski S Cropp S.J Disparate data sets resolve squirrel monkey (Saimiri) taxonomy Int. J. Primatol 1999 20 Brum-Bittencourt E Duarte-Rocha C.F Hostectoparasite specificity in a small mammal community in an area of Atlantic Rain Forest (Ilha Grande, State of Rio de Janeiro), Southeastern Brazil Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2003 98 Calderón-Arguedas O Troyo A Castro-Ugalde J Ectoparasitosis por ácaros macronísidos (Gamasida: Macronyssidae) Rev. Costarric. Cienc. Méd 2004 25 Calderón-Arguedas O Troyo A Solano M.E Sánchez R Chinchilla M Gutiérrez-Espeleta G.A Infección por larvas de Alouattamyia baeri (Diptera: Cuterebridae) en monos aulladores, Alouatta palliata (Primates: Cebidae), de la costa caribe de Costa Rica Neotrop. Primates 2004 12 Chinchilla M Troyo A Guerrero O Gutiérrez-Espeleta G.A Sánchez R Presencia de Trypanosoma minasense (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) en Alouatta palliata (Primates: Cebidae) de Costa Rica Parasitol. 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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100031 No size or density effect on alternative mate-locating tactics in the tropical damselfly Hetaerina rosea males (Odonata: Calopterygidae) C. Peixoto Paulo Enrique De Marco Jr Paulo ,UNICAMP Departamento de Zoologia Campinas São Paulo Brasil ,Universidade Federal de Goiás Departamento de Biologia Geral Goiânia Brasil 06 2009 2009 57 361 370

Males of the damselfly Hetaerina rosea may defend mating sites along river margins (resident males) or, alternatively, wander among different areas presumably searching for mates (nonterritorial males). Although the occurrence of territorial and nonterritorial males of H. rosea is very common in Brazil, studies examining which factors may be responsible for the adoption of alternative mate-locating tactics in this species are inexistent. We investigated the relationship between the adoption of these alternative mate-locating tactics by males of H. rosea and two possible causes: body weight and male abundance. We carried the study in three areas: sites 1, 2 and 3. Samples were monthly undertaken in sites 1 and 2 between September/2001 and August/2002 and in site 3 between May/1999 and January/2001. Using the scan method with fixed areas and mark-resighting techniques, we did not find any relationship between the proportion of nonterritorial males and male abundance per month on sites 2 (n=6) and 3 (n=7), indicating that the adoption of alternative mate-locating tactics is not affected by competition for territories. In the same way, nonterritorial and resident males showed similar body and thoracic weight measures (n=30 and n=27 for sites 2 and 3 respectively). Maybe the nonterritorial tactic is adopted by individuals searching for better territories or males that were evicted from their defended sites. The absence of relationship between weight and male territorial status is in accordance with other Hetaerina species. However, other traits not investigated here such as parasitic load, fat content and age may influence the adoption of different mate-acquisition tactics in H. rosea males. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 361-370. Epub 2009 June 30.

Los machos de la libélula Hetaerina rosea pueden defender sus sitios de apareamiento a lo largo de márgenes de ríos (machos residentes) o, alternativamente, deambulan entre diferentes áreas presumiblemente buscando pareja (machos no territoriales). Aunque la existencia de machos territoriales y no territoriales de H. rosea es muy común en Brasil, no hay estudios que examinen cuáles factores pueden ser responsables para la adopción de tácticas alternativas para localizar pareja en esta especie. Investigamos la relación entre la adopción de estas tácticas alternativas para localizar pareja por machos de H. rosea, y dos posibles causas: peso del cuerpo y abundancia de machos. Realizamos el estudio en tres áreas: sitios 1, 2 y 3. Las muestras se tomaron mensualmente en sitios 1 y 2 entre setiembre 2001 y agosto 2002, y en sitio 3 entre mayo 1999 y enero 2001. La adopción de tácticas alternativas de localización de machos no se ve afectada por competencia por territorios. La ausencia de relación entre peso y estatus del macho territorial coincide con otras especies de Hetaerina. No obstante, otros rasgos que no fueron estudiados aquí, como la carga de parásitos, contenido de grasa y edad, pueden influenciar la adopción de diferentes tácticas de adquisición de pareja en machos de H. rosea.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100032 Efecto de la calidad del agua de criaderos de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) sobre la patogenicidad e infectividad de las zoosporas del hongo Leptolegnia chapmanii (Straminipila: Peronosporomycetes) Pelizza Sebastian A López Lastra Claudia C Maciá Arnaldo Bisaro Vilma García Juan J ,Centro de estudios parasitológicos y de vectores CEPAVE, (CCT-CONICET-LA PLATA-UNLP) La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina ,Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Agronomía Argentina ,Comisión de investigaciones científicas 06 2009 2009 57 371 380

Effect of water quality in mosquito breeding sites on the pathogenicity and infectivity of zoospores from the fungus Leptolegnia chapmanii (Straminipila: Peronosporomycetes). The fungus Leptolegnia chapmanii is highly pathogenic to mosquito larvae in Argentina. We studied if physical and chemical characteristics of the water from mosquito breeding sites affect pathogenicity, and the infectivity of zoospores of L. chapmanii. Water samples were taken from pools filled by rains, urban ditches with domestic waste water, pools filled by overflow from Río de la Plata, and flower vases from the Cemetery of La Plata city. Sub-samples of water were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics, while other sub-samples were used for laboratory bioassays. Containers with 150 ml of water samples, 25 Aedes aegypti larvae, and 2.8 x 105 zoospores of L. chapmanii, were incubated under controlled environment, and larval mortality was recorded after 48 h. There were highly significant differences among mortalities in water from cemetery vases (70.2%), rain pools water (99.5%), and pools with water from Rio de la Plata (95%). There were no significant differences among larval mortalities in water from ditches, rain pools and Río de la Plata pools. Leptolegnia chapmanii was successful as a biological control agent in all kinds of tested water qualities, producing high larval mortality. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 371-380. Epub 2009 June 30.

Leptolegnia chapmanii es un potente patógeno de larvas de mosquitos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar si las características físico-químicas del agua de criaderos de culícidos de importancia sanitaria a nivel mundial afectan la patogenicidad e infectividad de las zoosporas de L. chapmanii. Se tomaron muestras de cuatro tipos de agua en Argentina: de lluvia, de zanja, del Río de La Plata, y de floreros del cementerio local. A una parte del agua se le realizaron estudios físicos-químicos, y otra parte fue utilizada en ensayos. Se colocó 150 ml de cada muestra en recipientes plásticos, con 25 larvas sanas de Aedes aegypti y 2.8 x 105 zoosporas de L. chapmanii. Fueron incubadas a 25 ºC y 12-12 (L-O). La mortalidad larval fue registrada a las 48 horas. Se utilizaron tres recipientes y un control por tratamiento, con tres repeticiones realizadas en distintos días. Se observaron diferencias altamente significativas entre la mortalidad larval en aguas de floreros del cementerio (70.2%), aguas de lluvias (99.53%), y del río de La Plata (95%). No hubo diferencias significativas entre la mortalidad larval en agua de zanja, lluvia y río. Leptolegnia chapmanii resultó exitoso en los cuatro tipos de aguas evaluados, produciendo elevados niveles de mortalidad larval.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100033 An enigmatic frog of the genus Atelopus (Family Bufonidae) from Parque Nacional Chirripó, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica Savage Jay M Bolaños Federico ,San Diego State University Department of Biology San Diego California U.S.A ,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología San Pedro Costa Rica 06 2009 2009 57 381 386

A distinctive new species of Atelopus is described from Parque Nacional Chirripó Grande, Cordillera de Talamanca (3 400-3 500 m). It closely resembles populations of the Atelopus ignescens complex from the Andes of northern Ecuador and southern Colombia. it differs most significantly from these frogs in the pattern of spiculae and coni development on the throat, chest, hands and feet. The Costa Rican species appears to be an outlier of the complex inexplicably separated geographically from its nearest allies by an over land distance of about 1 600 km. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 381-386. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se describe una nueva especie de Atelopus del Parque Nacional Chirripó Grande, Cordillera de Talamanca (3 400-3 500 m sobre el nivel del mar). Se parece a poblaciones del complejo de Atelopus ignescens de los Andes del norte de Ecuador y del sur de Colombia. Principalmente difiere de estas ranas en el patrón de desarrollo de espículas y conos en la garganta, pecho, manos y pies. La especie de Costa Rica es atípica dentro del complejo por estar inexplicablemente separada geográficamente de sus más cercanos representantes por una distancia aproximada de 1 600 km por tierra.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100034 Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao, Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) Nest Characteristics in the Osa Peninsula Conservation Area (ACOSA), Costa Rica Guittar John L Dear Fiona Vaughan Christopher ,Grinnell College USA ,Associated Colleges of the Midwest Costa Rica ,University of East Anglia UK 06 2009 2009 57 387 393

The Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) is an endangered species. In Costa Rica, the Scarlet Macaw population of the Central Pacific Conservation Area (ACOPAC, n =432 individuals) has undergone considerable study and has been used effectively as a flagship species for regional conservation. Costa Rica’s only other viable Scarlet Macaw population, located in the Osa Peninsula Conservation Area (ACOSA, n=800-1200 individuals), remains virtually unstudied. We studied ACOSA Scarlet Macaw nest cavities from February 19th to March 22nd 2006. Through informal interviews with park guards and residents, we found a total of 57 potential nests in 52 trees. Eleven nests were reported as frequently poached. Scarlet Macaws used 14 identified tree species, ten of which are unrecorded in Costa Rica. The most common nesting trees were Caryocar costaricense (n=12, 24%), Schizolobium parahyba (n=9, 18.0%), Ceiba pentandra (n=7, 14.0%) and Ficus sp. (n=5, 10.0%). We compare nesting characteristics to those recorded in ACOPAC. A combination of bottom-up and top-down strategies are necessary to ensure the Scarlet Macaw’s long-term success, including environmental education in local schools, community stewardship of active nests, and the advertisement of stricter penalties for poaching. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 387-393. Epub 2009 June 30.

 Ara macao Costa Rica nest cavities Osa Peninsula Scarlet Macaw Bennett P. M Owens I. P. F Variation in extinction risk among birds: chance or evolutionary predisposition? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 1997 264 Christman B. J Dhondt A. A Nest predation in Black-capped Chickadees: how safe are cavity nests? Auk 1997 114 Dear F Vaughan C Morales A Current status and conservation of the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) in the Osa Conservation Area (ACOSA), Costa Rica Current status and conservation of the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) in the Osa Conservation Area (ACOSA), Costa Rica 2005 International Institute for Wildlife Conservation and Management, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica García R Biología de la Conservación y Áreas Silvestres Protegidas: Situación Actual y Perspectivas en Costa Rica Biología de la Conservación y Áreas Silvestres Protegidas: Situación Actual y Perspectivas en Costa Rica 1997 Santo Domingo Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad Press Herrera W Clima de Costa Rica Clima de Costa Rica 1986 San José Editorial Univ. Estatal de Distancia Marineros L Vaughan C Abramson J Speer B Thomsen J Scarlet Macaws of Carara The large macaws: Their care, breeding and conservation The large macaws: Their care, breeding and conservation 1995 Fort Bragg^eCalifornia Raintree Publications Munn C Beissinger S Snyder N Macaw biology and ecotourism or, "When a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." New World parrots in crisis: Solutions from conservation biology New World parrots in crisis: Solutions from conservation biology 1992 ^eWashington, D.C Smithsonian Institution Press Myers M Vaughan C Movement and behaviour of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) during the postfledgling dependence period: implications for in situ versus ex situ management Biol. Conserv 2004 118 Nader W Werner D Wink M Genetic diversity of scarlet macaws Ara macao in reintroduction studies for threatened populations in Costa Rica Biol. Cons 1999 87 Nycander E Blanco D Holle K del Campo A Munn C Moscoso J Ricalde D Abramson J Speer B Thomsen J Nesting success and techniques for increasing reproduction in wild macaws in southwestern Peru The large macaws: Their care, breedg and conservation The large macaws: Their care, breedg and conservation 1995 Fort Bragg^eCalifornia Raintree Publications Quesada F. J Jiménez Q Zamora N Aguilar R Gonzáles J Árboles de la Península de Osa Árboles de la Península de Osa 1997 Heredia Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad Press Renton K Salinas A Nesting behavior of the lilaccrowned parrot Wilson Bull 1999 111 Snyder N Beissinger G New World Parrots in Crisis: Solutions from Conservation Biology New World Parrots in Crisis: Solutions from Conservation Biology 1992 ^eWashington, D.C Smithsonian Institution Press Vaughan C Nemeth N Marineros L Ecology and management of natural and artificial Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) nest cavities in Costa Rica Ornitol. Neotrop 2003 14 Vaughan C Gack J Soloranzo H Ray R The effect of environmental education on school children, their parents, and community members: a study of intergenerational and intercommunity learning J. Environ. Educ 2003 34 Vaughan C. N Nemeth J Cary Temple S Conservation strategies for a Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) population in Costa Rica Birdlife Int 2005 15 Wright T. F Toft C. A Enkerlin-Hoeflich E Gonzalez-Elizondo J Albornoz M Rodriguez-Ferraro A Rojas-Suarez F Sanz V Trujillo A Beissinger S. R Berovides A V Xiomara Galvez A Brice A. T Joyner K Eberhard J Gilardi J Koenig S. E Stoleson S Martuscelli P Meyers J. M Renton K Rodgriguez A. M Sosa-Asanza A. C Vilella F. J Wiley J. W Nest poaching in Neotropical parrots Conserv. Bio 2001 15
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100035 Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) (Psitaciformes: Psittacidae) Parental Nest Visitation in Costa Rica: Implications for Research and Conservation Vaughan Christopher Bremer Mark Dear Fiona ,University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology ,Associated Colleges of the Midwest San Jose Costa Rica ,University of East Anglia School of Biological Sciences UK 06 2009 2009 57 395 400

We studied temporal parental visitation of Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) to six active nests in the Central Pacific Conservation Region of Costa Rica. Total parental time in the nest decreased significantly as the nestlings aged. Results provide guidelines to scientists for planning invasive activities to nestlings, such as placement of radio collars, or biological sample collection. These activities should be performed close to the end of the nesting period for minimal disturbance of parents and nestlings. Our results also provide information to aid wildlife guards in protecting active nests from poachers when chicks are close to fledging. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 395-400. Epub 2009 June 30.

Estudiamos las visitas temporales de padres de la lapa roja (Ara macao) a seis nidos activos en el Área de Conservación del Pacifico Central (Costa Rica). El tiempo total que pasaron los padres en los nidos bajó en forma significativa en relación con el crecimiento de los pichones. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los científicos a planear sus actividades "invasivas", tales como colocación de radio collares o colección de muestras biológicas. Las actividades deben coincidir con el final de la época de anidación para molestar menos a las aves. Nuestros resultados proveen información que puede ayudar a los guardaparques a proteger nidos activos cuando los pichones estan casi listos para salir.

 nesting nestling parental visit Psittacine scarlet macaw anidación pichón visita de padre Psittacine lapa roja Beissinger S. R Bucher E. H Beissinger S Snyder N Sustainable harvesting of parrots for conservation New world parrots in crisis: solutions from conservation biology New world parrots in crisis: solutions from conservation biology 1992 ^eWashington, D.C Smithsonian Institution Grenier J. L Beissinger S. R Variation in the onset of incubation in a neotropical parrot Condor 1999 101 Inigo-Elías E Ecology and breeding biology of the Scarlet macaw (Ara macao) in the Usumacinta drainage basin of Mexico and Guatemala Ecology and breeding biology of the Scarlet macaw (Ara macao) in the Usumacinta drainage basin of Mexico and Guatemala 1996 Lack D Ecological adaptation for breeding in birds Ecological adaptation for breeding in birds 1968 London Metheun Maindonald J Braun J Data analysis and graphics using R: An example-based approach Data analysis and graphics using R: An example-based approach 2007 Cambridge Cambridge University Marineros L Vaughan C Abramson J Speer B Thomsen J Scarlet macaws of Carara The large macaws: their care, breeding and conservation The large macaws: their care, breeding and conservation 1995 California Raintree Publications McCarthy J The number of visits to the nest by parents is an accurate measure of food delivered to nestlings in tree swallows J. Field Ornithol 2002 73 Munn C Tropical canopy netting and shooting lines over tall trees J. Field Ornithol 1991 62 Myers M Vaughan C Movement and behavior of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) during the postfledgling dependence period: implications for in situ versus ex situ management Biol. Conserv 2004 118 Royama T Factors governing feeding rates, food requirement and brood size of nestling great tits Parus major Ibis 1966 108 Vaughan C Nemeth N Marineros L Observations of Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) diet in Central Pacific Costa Rica Int. J. Trop. Biol. Conser 2006 54 3 Vaughan C Nemeth N Cary J Temple S Response of a Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) population to conservation measures Birdlife Internat 2005 15 Vaughan C Nemeth N Marineros L Ecology and management of natural and artificial Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) nest cavities in Costa Rica Ornit. Neotrop 2003 14 Vaughan C Conservation strategies for a Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) population in Costa Rica Conservation strategies for a Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) population in Costa Rica 2002 Wiedenfeld D A new subspecies of scarlet macaw (Ara macao) and its status and conservation Ornitología Neotrop 1994 5 Wiggins D Food availability, growth and heritability of body size in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) Canadian J. Zool 1990 68 Wright T Toft C Enkerlin-Hoeflich E Gonzalez-Elizondo J Albornoz M Rodriguez-Ferraro A Rojas-Suarez F Sanz V Trujillo A Beissinger S Berovides V Galvez X Brice A Joyner K Eberhard J Gilardi J Koenig S Stoleson S Martuscelli P Meyers J Renton K Rodriguez A F. Villela Sosa-Asanza Wiley J Nest poaching in Neotropical parrots Conserv. Biol 2001 15
S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100036 Uso de hábitats modificados por aves dependientes de bosque tropical en la región caribeña de Guatemala Cerezo Alexis Robbins Chandler S Dowell Barbara ,Fundación para el Ecodesarrollo y la Conservación (FUNDAECO) ,Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Biological Division of the United States Geological Survey 06 2009 2009 57 401 419

Modified-habitat use by tropical forest-dependent birds in the Caribbean region of Guatemala. As natural areas are reduced into isolated remnants, the importance of secondary habitats for species conservation will increase. Consequently, the conservation value of human-modified or created secondary habitats must be determined. in this study, we evaluated the conservation potential of three habitats associated to cattle ranching (riparian forest, live fence, and pasture) for tropical forest birds in the Caribbean region of Guatemala. We studied the bird communities of five tropical forest and riparian forest (henceforth river) sites, three live fence sites and four pasture sites, in five cattle ranches in the region, and compared the four habitats based on the following parameters: species richness, number of individuals, species composition and an index of conservation importance. A 10-point series was sampled (six repetitions of each series) in each habitat site using the point-count method, in march and april of 1998 and 1999. Although forest, river and live fence had similar mean species numbers, considering all species (111, 96 and 94 species, respectively), and river and live fence surpassed the forest in mean number of individuals (80 and 72 compared to 56 individuals), river and live fence had significantly fewer mean numbers of interior-forest resident species and individuals (56, 21 and 15 species, and 61, 19 and eight individuals in forest, river and live fence, respectively). River and live fence, when compared to forest, had no significant differences in the number of resident forest-edge species and individuals, but their edge-species composition was significantly different from forest. Those resident edge species that were relatively abundant in forest had very low abundances in the modified habitats, and those that were abundant in river and live fence were rare or absent in forest sites. With respect to migratory species, both river and live fence were very important, and the river was more important than forest, according to the conservation importance index. We conclude that these modified habitats have very little value for tropical forest-dependent resident species, but are extremely important for migratory species, particularly those of arboreal habits. We also stress that the conservation importance of alternative habitats should be based on species composition, as opposed to species richness and abundance, and defined as a function of species of particular conservation importance, in our locality, those dependent of tropical lowland forest. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 401-419. Epub 2009 June 30.

A medida que las áreas de vegetación natural en los neotrópicos estén siendo reducidas a remanentes aislados, la importancia de la vegetación secundaria para la conservación de especies aumentará. Por lo tanto, debe determinarse el valor de los hábitats modificados o creados por el hombre para la conservación de especies dependientes de hábitats originales. En este estudio, evaluamos el valor para la conservación de tres hábitats asociados a la ganadería (bosque ribereño, cerco vivo y pastizal) para las aves típicas de bosque tropical en la región caribeña de Guatemala. Estudiamos las comunidades de aves de cinco sitios de bosque tropical bajo y bosque ribereño (río), tres sitios de cerco vivo y cuatro de pastizales, en cinco fincas ganaderas de la región, y comparamos los cuatro hábitats en función de los siguientes parámetros: número de especies, número de individuos, composición de especies, e índice de importancia. Una serie de 10 puntos de conteo se evaluó (seis repeticiones de cada serie) en cada hábitat, durante abril y mayo de 1998 y 1999. Aunque el número de especies fue similar en bosque, río y cerco vivo (111, 96 y 94 especies, respectivamente), y el río y cerco vivo superaron al bosque en el número de individuos (80 y 72, comparado a 56 individuos), el río y cerco vivo tuvieron números de especies e individuos de residentes de interior de bosque significativamente menores a los del bosque (56, 21 y 15 especies y 61, 19 y 8 individuos en bosque, río y cerco, respectivamente). El río y cerco vivo no se diferenciaron en el número de especies e individuos residentes de borde de bosque, pero la composición de las comunidades de este grupo de especies fue significativamente distinta entre estos dos hábitats y el bosque. Las especies de borde que fueron relativamente abundantes en bosque tuvieron abundancias muy bajas en los hábitats modificados, y aquellas que fueron abundantes en río y cerco vivo estaban prácticamente ausentes en el bosque tropical y fueron generalistas. Con respecto a las especies migratorias, tanto el río como el cerco vivo resultaron ser muy importantes para éstas, y el río incluso fue más importante que el bosque tropical. Concluimos que estos hábitats modificados tienen muy poco valor de conservación para las especies residentes típicas de bosque tropical, pero resultan ser muy importantes para las especies migratorias, particularmente para aquellas con hábitos arbóreos. Destacamos la importancia de evaluar la importancia de de los hábitas modificados particularmente en función de la composición de especies, y en función de las especies para las cuáles se desea evaluar la importancia de los hábitats modificados, en nuestro caso, para las especies típicas de bosque tropical.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100037 Variación geográfica del zorro Lycalopex culpaeus (Mammalia, Canidae) en Chile: implicaciones taxonómicas Guzmán Jonathan A D’Elía Guillermo Ortiz Juan Carlos ,Universidad de Concepción Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Departamento de Zoología Concepción Chile 06 2009 2009 57 421 432

Geographic variation of the fox Lycalopex culpaeus (Mammalia, Canidae) in Chile: taxonomic implications. We studied the geographic variation of skulls of Lycalopex culpaeus using qualitative and quantative analyses. The sampling area covered Chile, from its northern portion, to Tierra del Fuego and the neighbouring Hoste island, as well as part of Argentina. Five subespecies are currently recognized from this large area. We found two morphotypes that are segregated geographically. Both groups mostly differ by morphometric attributes, followed by qualitative features. Specimens from northern Chile (Tarapacá and Antofagasta) have small skulls, short rostrum, a liriform sagital zone, and lack the interparietal crest. The second group is formed by specimens from north-western and central Argentina, central-south Chile, Patagonia, and the austral islands of Tierra del Fuego and Hoste. This group presents a strong sagital crest, large rostrum, and a large skull. Our results agree with observed patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation. We propose to retain the name L. c. andinus for the populations of northern Chile and to synonymize L. c. magellanicus, L. c. lycoides, and L. c. smithersi under L. c. culpaeus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 421-432. Epub 2009 June 30.

Mediante análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, se estudió la variación geográfica del cráneo de Lycalopex culpaeus en Chile (desde Tarapacá a la islas australes), y de algunas poblaciones argentinas. En dicha distribución se reconocen cinco de las seis subespecies del culpeo. Los resultados muestran dos grupos morfológicos geográficamente segregados; los mismos se diferencian principalmente por atributos morfométricos, y secundariamente por caracteres cualitativos. individuos del norte chileno (Tarapacá y Antofagasta) presentan cráneos pequeños, poco desarrollados, hocico levemente corto, ausencia de cresta interparietal y una tenue zona sagital "liriforme". Por otra parte, los individuos del noroeste y centro argentino, centro sur chileno, Patagonia e islas australes (islas de Tierra del Fuego y Hoste) (grupo B), no muestran diferencias significativas en su morfometría dento-craneal. En el grupo B destacó una fuerte cresta interparietal y zona sagital, hocicos prolongados y cráneos de mayor tamaño que los del norte chileno. Nuestros resultados coinciden con estudios de patrones de variación en el ADN mitocondrial de cánidos de Chile. Por lo tanto, se propone mantener el nombre L. c. andinus para las poblaciones del norte de Chile y sinonimizar los taxones L. c. magellanicus, L. c. lycoides y L. c. smithersi bajo la forma L. c. culpaeus.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100038 Paternal behavior and testosterone plasma levels in the Volcano Mouse Neotomodon alstoni (Rodentia: Muridae) Luis Juana Ramírez Lorena Carmona Agustín Ortiz Guadalupe Delgado Jesús Cárdenas René ,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México FES Iztacala Unidad de Morfología y Función Tlalnepantla Edo. de México México ,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Celular México, D. F ,Hospital Juárez de la Secretaría Salubridad Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción Humana México D. F México ,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México FES Iztacala Psicología Animal Experimental Tlalnepantla Edo. de México México 06 2009 2009 57 433 439

Paternal behavior and testosterone plasma levels in the Volcano Mouse Neotomodon alstoni (Rodentia: Muridae). Although initially it was thought that testosterone inhibited the display of paternal behavior in males of rodents, it has been shown that in some species high testosterone levels are needed for exhibition of paternal care. In captivity, males of volcano Mouse (Neotomodon alstoni) provide pups the same care provided by the mother, with the exception of suckling. Here we measured plasmatic testosterone concentrations 10 days after mating, five and 20 days postpartum, and 10 days after males were isolated from their families in order to determine possible changes in this hormone, associated to the presence and age of pups. Males of volcano Mouse exhibited paternal behavior when their testosterone levels were relatively high. Although levels of this hormone did not change with the presence or pups age, males that invested more time in huddling showed higher testosterone levels. It is possible that in the volcano Mouse testosterone modulates paternal behavior indirectly, as in the California mouse. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 433-439. Epub 2009 June 30.

Aunque inicialmente se pensaba que la testosterona inhibía el despliegue de conducta paterna en los machos de roedores, en algunas especies se ha demostrado que son necesarios niveles altos de testosterona para la exhibición de cuidados paternos. En cautiverio, los machos del ratón mexicano de los volcanes (Neotomodon alstoni), proporcionan a sus crías los mismos cuidados que la madre, con la excepción del amamantamiento. En este estudio se midieron los niveles plasmáticos de testosterona: en el día 10 del apareamiento, 5 y 20 días postparto, y 10 días después de aislar a los machos de sus familias, para establecer si los niveles de esta hormona cambian con relación a la presencia y edad de las crías. El ratón de los volcanes exhibió cuidados paternos cuando sus niveles de testosterona fueron relativamente altos, aunque los niveles de esta hormona no variaron significativamente con relación a la edad y presencia de las crías. Sin embargo, los machos que invirtieron más tiempo en abrigar a las crías, presentaron concentraciones relativamente más altas de testosterona. Es posible que en el ratón de los volcanes la testosterona regule la conducta paterna de manera indirecta, como ocurre con el ratón de California.

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S0034-774420090001 Revista de Biología Tropical Rev. biol. trop 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica S0034-77442009000100039 The Effect of Human Development on Mammal Populations of the Punta Leona Private Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica Van Hulle Michael Vaughan Christopher ,Associated Colleges of the Midwest San Jose Costa Rica ,University of Wisconsin Department of Forestry and Wildlife Ecology USA 06 2009 2009 57 441 449

The effect of human development on six diurnal mammal species was studied using transects in the Punta Leona Private Wildlife Refuge, Puntarenas, Costa Rica during the dry season months of March and April 2006. Individuals/km was recorded for each species in more developed (MD) (near paved roads, buildings, construction, or deforested trees) and less developed areas (LD) (secondary forest). The white-faced apuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) (n = 233), coatimundi (Nasua narica) (n = 46), and Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) (n = 36) demonstrated a preference for less-developed habitats. The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) (n = 4), tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) (n = 2) and variegated squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides) (n = 5) were observed infrequently. White-faced monkeys avoided construction areas, but received artificial food daily in developed areas. Coatimundis also received artificial foods daily and showed aggression towards guests. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 441-449. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudiaron seis especies de mamíferos mediante transectos durante la estación seca tardía (marzo y abril) de 1996 en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre de Punta Leona, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se registró la cantidad de animales por km en lugares con mucho efecto humano (cerca del caminos pavimentados, edificios, construcción, y deforestación) y lugares con menos efecto. El mono carablanca (Cebus capucinus) (n = 233), el pizote (Nasua narica) (n = 46), y el mono araña centroamericano (Ateles geoffroyi) (n = 36) prefirieron lugares con menos efecto. Se observó pocos armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) (n = 4), osos hormigueros (Tamandua mexicana) (n = 2), y ardillas (Sciurus variegatoides) (n = 5). Los monos carablancas y pizotes aceptan alimentos artificiales y los pizotes fueron agresivos con los turistas. Los carablancas evitan los lugares con construcciones y los caminos pavimentados.

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