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<articles>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294819970002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29481997000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Evolución de una revista biomédica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
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</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294819970002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29481997000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Efectos de las microondas sobre la sobrevivencia de algunas bacterias patógenas en comidas populares costarricenses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>Viviana</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arias</surname>
<given-names>Ma. Laura</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Antillón</surname>
<given-names>Florencia</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jimenéz</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Una de las vías más frecuentes de transmisión de algunas enfermedades bacterianas es la ingesta de alimentos contaminados. Actualmente, el uso del horno de microondas para cocinar o calentar alimentos se ha popularizado bastante, debido a la rapidez en el calentamiento que brinda. Sin embargo, es importante evaluar ese efecto térmico en la sobrevivencia de bacterias potencialmente patógenas, que frecuentemente se involucran en brotes de origen alimentario. Se evaluó el efecto de la irradiación con microondas sobre la sobrevivencia de una cantidad conocida de Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp. Y Staphylococcus aureus en tres platos de comida popular costarricense. S. aureus resultó más sensible al tratamiento que Salmonella spp.; las cepas esporuladas mostraron una tendencia a aumentar su recuento luego del cocimiento como resultado de una estimulación de la germinación. Se determinó que el grado de destrucción que tienen las microondas sobre los microorganismos depende no sólo del microorganismo inoculado sino también de la composición de alimento.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>One of the most frequent ways of transmission of some bacterial diseases is throungh the ingestion of contaminated food. Actually, the use of microwave ovens for cooking or heating food is very popular, because of the fast heating provided. However, it is important to evaluate the thermal effect on the survival of bacteria, especially pathogens that are usually involved in food-borne outbreaks. The effect of irradiation with microwaves on the survival of a known quantity of Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in three popular Costa Rican dishes. S. aureus was more sensitive to the treatment than Salmonella spp.; the sporulated strains showed a tendency to increase its count after cooking as a result of stimulated to germination.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>microwave treatment</kwd>
<kwd>survival</kwd>
<kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd>
<kwd>Clostridium perfringens</kwd>
<kwd>Bacillus cereus</kwd>
<kwd>Salmonella spp</kwd>
<kwd>Microwave treatment</kwd>
<kwd>survival</kwd>
<kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd>
<kwd>Clostridium perfringens</kwd>
<kwd>Bacillus cereus</kwd>
<kwd>Salmonella spp</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294819970002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29481997000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en dos grupos de mujeres con cardiopatía coronaria y sin ella</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fernández-Olaechea</surname>
<given-names>María D</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roselló-Araya</surname>
<given-names>Marlene</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se hace un análisis de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular no modificables, como edad y antecedentes familiares de enfermedad coronaria y modificables; tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, diatebetes mellitus, obesidad y lípidos sanguíneos, incluyendo la lipoproteína (a). Para el estudio se evalúan dos grupos de 14 mujeres cada uno, el primerointegrado por pacientes que habían sufrido un infarto del miocardio, con edad promedio de 55 años ± 11 y el segundo compuesto por mujeres que no tenían patología coronaria, con edad promedio de 49 años ± 9. La mayoría trabajaba en labores del hogar y el número de menopaúsicas fue semejante en ambos grupos; ninguna tomaba estrógenos sustitutivos. Los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, diabetres mellitus, antecedentes de infarto familiar y obesidad en el grupo que había tenido infarto. El consumo de tabaco no fue significativo en ambos grupos. Los triglicéridos se reportaron elevados significativamente (p&lt; 0,005) en el grupo de mujeres con infarto con respecto al de mujeres sanas; también se observaron valores mayores en la relación colesterol total/colesterol HDL en el grupo con infarto. Los niveles de colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL y de lipoproteína (a) presentaron diferencias no significativas entre ambos grupos.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The modifable cardiovascular risk factors were analized: age and family coronary disease history; and not modifable: smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and lipid profiles, including lipoprotein (a). Two groups of women were studied with 14 members each. The first group was composed of women were studied with 14 members each. The first group was composed of patients with a mean age of 55 years ± 11 that had coronary disease; the second group was composed of non coronary disease women, mean age 49 years old ± 9. Most of them were house wives. Postmenopausal members were almost the same in both groups, without estrogen-replacement therapy. The first group shows hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. It also shows hypertrigliceridaemia (p&lt; 0,05) and the relationship between total colesterol/HDL colesterol was higher than the second group. There was no significance between, LDL, HDL and lipoprotein (a) levels.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>factores de riesgo cardiovascular</kwd>
<kwd>dislipidemias</kwd>
<kwd>lipoproteína</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294819970002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29481997000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Perfil lípidico de adolescentes urbanos costarricenses</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monge</surname>
<given-names>Rafael</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>Leda</given-names>
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<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
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<surname>Rivero</surname>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud  </institution>
<addr-line>Tres Ríos </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Nutrición Huma </institution>
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<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Oficina de Salud </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Microbiología </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>06</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se estudió el perfil lípidico de 204 adolescentes de 17 años, sin obesidad u otra patología, estudiantes de cuatro colegios públicos y privados del área urbana de San José, Costa Rica. Las mujeres presentaron niveles significativamente mayores ( p &lt; 0,05) de colesterol total (CT), colesterol LDL (C-LDL) y colesterol HDL (C-HDL) que los hombres. Los valores de CT, C-LDL y C-HDL de los adolescentes alumnos de colegios públicos no fueron estadísticamente diferentes a los evidenciados en los estudiantes de los colegios primarios. Un 52% y un 75% de los hombres que presentaron respectivamente, niveles de CT clasificados como altos o moderadamente altos. Asimismo un 47% de los adolescentes mostraron niveles de C-LDL considerados como altos o moderadamente altos. El porcentaje de hombres que presentaron valores bajos de C-HDL fue significativamente mayor ( p&lt; 0,05) que el de las mujeres. El 56% del total de adolescentes incluidos en el estudio mostraron valores mayores de 4.5 para el Indice de Castelli.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The lipidic profile of 204 non-obese healthy seventeen year-old adolescents, from four private and public high schools in the urban area of San José, Costa Rica was studied. Women presented significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (p&lt; 0,05) than men. There werw no statistical differences in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C between studens from private high schools and students from public high schools. 52% of men and 75% of women had total cholesterol levels considered elevated or moderately elevated. Smilary, 47% of male adolescents and 59% of female adolescents presented and LDL-C levels considered elevated or moderately elevated. The percentege of males that had low HDL-C levels was significativily higher that females (p&lt; 0,05).</p></abstract>
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<front>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
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<title-group>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Ministerio de Salud Centro de Salud de Hatillo </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Ministerio de Salud Facultad de Microbiología </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<year>1997</year>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las parasitosis intestinales han disminuido drásticamente en las últimas dos décadas; sin embargo, continúan siendo un problema importante en poblaciones marginales, carentes de una adecuada infraestructura para eliminación de excretas así como de agua potable, condiciones comunes a asentamientos precarios, como los localizados cerca de la clínica del Centro de Salud de Hatillo. Por tal motivo se planteó el análisis de los datos sobre parasitismo intestinal de ese centro. Las muestras de heces (3506) fueron analizadas por tres técnicos del Centro de Salud de Hatillo, entre 1995 y 1996. El 8,2 y 4,1% fueron positivas por Ascaris y Trichuris, respectivamente. Los protozoos más frecuentes fueron Entamoeba coli y Endolimax nana, encontradas en el 17,4 y 14,7% respectivamente y Giardia dudenalis fue diagnosticada en el duodenalis 9,3% de las muestras. La prevalencia de Ascaris es prácticamente el doble de la informada para el país en 1982, dato similar al descrito para poblaciones marginales de la misma área. La alta prevalencia de parásitos intestinales encontrada en esta clínica puede deberse a los pacientes que provienen de las poblaciones marginales aledañas.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The prevalence of intestinal parasitism decreased during the last two decades. But, the problem persists in marginal populations, because they lack adequate infraestructure for sewage disposal and do not have sufficient potable water. Such conditions are common in shanty towns near the Hatillo Health Center, which is located in Southern of San José, Costa Rica. We choose this site to perform the analysis of intestinal parasitism because the presence of the unhealthy conditions in the neighbourhood of the clinic. Stool samples (3506) were analyzed by three technicians during 1995 and 1996. Positive results were found in 8,2 and 4,1% of them, with technicians Ascaris and Trichuris, respectively, and the most frequent protozoa were Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana, found in 17,4 y 14,7% respectively, and Giardia was identified in 9,3% of the samples. The prevalence of Ascaris was almost twice the value reported for the country in 1982, and was similar to the prevalence found in marginal populations from the Hatillo area in 1987. We conclude that such high prevalence of intestinal parasitism found in this clinic is closely related to patients coming from places with unhealthy conditions.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Parasitismo intestinal</kwd>
<kwd>población marginal</kwd>
<kwd>Ascaris</kwd>
<kwd>Trichuris</kwd>
<kwd>Giardia</kwd>
<kwd>Entamoeba</kwd>
<kwd>Intestinal parasitism</kwd>
<kwd>marginal population</kwd>
<kwd>Ascaris</kwd>
<kwd>Thichuris</kwd>
<kwd>Giardia</kwd>
<kwd>Entamoeba</kwd>
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<front>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
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<article-id>S0253-29481997000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29481997000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La neuropatía femoral, como complicación quirúrgica de la cirugía pélvica, se debe al uso inadecuado de los auto-retractores adbominales. No obstante el buen pronóstico en la mayoría de los casos, no deja de ocasionar una incapacidad temporal frustrante en la paciente. Conociendo la anatomía y la etiopatogenia, se pueden aplicar medidas simples que permiten evitar por completo esta complicación. En la presente comunicación, se reportan 2 casos de neuropatía femoral posterior a histerectomía adbominal y se incluye una breve revisión bibliográfica.</p></abstract>
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<article-title xml:lang="en">A syndrome of congenitl defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, preicardium and heart</article-title>
<source>Surg Gynecol Obstet</source>
<year>1958</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
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<surname>Zoch Zannini</surname>
<given-names>Carlos E</given-names>
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<month>06</month>
<year>1997</year>
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<year>1997</year>
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<volume>18</volume>
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