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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294820040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29482004000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Día Mundial del Donante Voluntario de Sangre</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Torres Rosales</surname>
<given-names>Dra. Ana Lorena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Comisión Nacional de Seguridad Transfusional  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S0253-294820040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0253-2948</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Editorial Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Social</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0253-29482004000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el Trypanosoma cruzi en donantes de sangre de la Seguridad Social- Costa Rica, Setiembre 2003 - Setiembre 2004.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>Lorena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>Zaida</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arauz</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Lizeth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,CCSS  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La enfermedad de Chagas es una infección ocasionada por el Trypanosoma cruzi, este parásito es responsable de 16 a 18 millones de personas infectadas en América Latina de las cuales 50,000 mueren cada año. Una de las principales fuentes de transmisión es por transfusión sanguínea. A partir de setiembre del 2003 en los Bancos de Sangre de la CCSS se implementó la tamización del 100 % de los donantes de todo el territorio nacional. Cincuenta y tres mil trescientos treinta y siete muestras de suero, fueron recolectadas de setiembre del 2003 a setiembre del 2004, y analizados por EIA con tres diferentes fuentes antigénicas (proteínas recombinantes, péptidos homólogos y lisado proteico de la Cepa Brenner para el WB) De las muestras analizadas, 305 (0,6 %) fueron inicialmente reactivas. De estas, 176 (58%) resultaron repetidamente reactivas (RR) por el EIA-ICMRT de tamizaje. De las RR 122 (69%) mostraron resultados discrepantes entre los dos EIA realizados, 42 (24%) fueron positivos por los dos ensayos y 12 (7%) no pudieron ser evaluadas. De las muestras RR por el EIA-ICMRT 39 (22%) resultaron positivas por WB, 65 (37%) fueron indeterminadas y 56 (32%) negativas, 15 muestras quedaron pendientes. En el estudio se obtuvo 0,6% de reactividad inicial, ligeramente mayor a lo reportado en los últimos tres años en el país. La prevalencia obtenida fue 0,08% el porcentaje más bajo del área Centroamericana. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos en el EIA-ICMRT y el WB, se observa una mayor correlación entre las muestras con DO altas &gt;2,0 y un resultado positivo por WB según el criterio establecido. En general las reacciones negativas o indeterminadas por WB se presentaron en muestras con DO &lt; 2,0 y contra proteínas de pesos moleculares bajos (15-50 kD). El estudio demuestra la importancia de realizar varias pruebas diagnósticas de alta sensibilidad y especificidad para determinar la prevalencia real y por ende controlar la transmisión de la infección para brindarle así a la población costarricense unidades de sangre segura e insistir en el uso racional de la misma.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The Chagas’s disease is a infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite; it is responsible of infestation of 16 to 18 people in Latin America with 50,000 deaths every year. The main source of transmission is for blood transfusion. Since September 2003, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social’s Blood Banks have implemented the screen in about 100% of donors of the country. The 53307 serum samples were collected in the period of September 2003 to September 2004, and they were tested with the EIA with three types of antigenic sources (recombinant protein, homolog peptides, protein lysate of Strain Brenner for WB). Of the tested samples, 305 (0.6%) were beginning reactives. Of these, 176 (58%) were repeat reactives (RR) for the test EIA-ICMRT. Of the RR, 122 (69%) shown discrepancy between two EIA tested, 42 (24%) were positives for the two assays and 12 (7%) did not have be evaluated. The RR samples tested for EIA-ICMRT, 39 (22%) were positives for WB, 65 (37%) were indetermined, 56 (32%) were negatives, and 15 samples stayed pending. The results of the study got 0.6% of initial positive test; it was a light increment with respect to results of the 3 years in the country. The prevalence was 0.08%, It is the lowest in Central America. Comparing the results between EIA-ICMRT and WB, it was a bigger correlation between the samples with DO highs &gt;2, 0 and a positive result for WB according the established criterion. In general, the negative or indeterminate results for WB correspond to samples with DO&lt;2, 0 and against proteins with low molecular weights (15-50 kD). The study shown the importance to do certain diagnostic assays of high sensibility and specificity for determine the real prevalence and for the control of transmission of infection with the proposal of offer blood banks to costarican people and rational use of them.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Enfermedad Chagas</kwd>
<kwd>Western Blot</kwd>
<kwd>Transfusión sanguínea</kwd>
<kwd>Chagas disease</kwd>
<kwd>Western Blot</kwd>
<kwd>Blood Transfusion</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cienc. méd</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-id>S0253-29482004000200003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Situaciones de salud bucal en personas adultas mayores: problemas y desafíos</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brenes</surname>
<given-names>William</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hoffmaister</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Situaciones de salud bucal en personas adultas mayores: problemas y desafíos. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el estado de salud bucal, las prácticas de autocuidado, la calidad de las prótesis y el uso de los servicios de salud de las personas adultas mayores que asisten a clubes de interacción social. Mediante un estudio de prevalencia se investigó a 234 personas adultas mayores de ambos sexos. Todos ellos provenientes de 15 clubes estratificados por condiciones geográficas y sociales del entorno donde se localizan los clubes. Los principales resultados del estado de salud bucal fueron: a) El 53% de las personas adultas mayores estudiadas han perdido la totalidad de sus dientes y el 38,4% con pérdida dental parcial que requiere de rehabilitación protésica para satisfacer la capacidad masticatoria. b) De las personas que conservan al menos un diente en boca, la caries activa es prevalente en el 77,7% y las periodontopatías en el 52,9% de esta población y el 83,5% tiene un deficiente control de la placa dental. c) El 63,9% de las prótesis superiores y en el 74,2% de las prótesis inferiores necesitan ser reacondicionadas o renovadas por prótesis bien concebidas. Se concluye que el estado de salud bucal de las personas adultas mayores estudiadas en la presente investigación, puede ser catalogado como un relevante problema de salud pública. La acumulación de daños por problemas buco-dentales de la población estudiada requiere de una ampliación de cobertura por parte de los servicios de salud, así como de las acciones de educación para la salud, que contrarresten los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades odontológicas y estomatológicas prevalentes en la población.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Situation of oral health in elderly people: problems and challenges. The goal of the investigation is to identify the condition of oral health on elderly people. The research was developed by the recognition of personal oral health care, also evaluating the quality of dental prosthesis and the use of dental medical services on elderly people who attends clubs of social interaction in Costa Rica. The inquiry was developed through a prevalence study with the participation of 234 elderly people, male and female. All the participants are active members of 15 social clubs. The groups-or social clubs- where stratified by geographic and social conditions, related with the surroundings conditions, especially location. The results reveled by the investigation are: a) From the studied population elderly people, 53% has been lost the totality of their teeth, 38,4% has partial dental loss that requires a rehabilitation dental prosthesis for satisfy the chew capacity, b) From the elderly people who conserve a tooth at least, the active decay is prevalent in 77,7% and 52,9% have periodontal illness, 83,5% have a deficient control of the dental plaque, c) The evaluation of dental prosthesis results are that 63,9% of the superior dental prosthesis and 74,2% of the inferior dental prosthesis, need repairmen or being replaced. The most relevant conclusion of the research is elderly people oral healthcare can be catalogued as serious problem of public health. The accumulation of injuries by oral and dental problems reveled on the research, indicates that elderly adults require an expansion of dental medical service as well as preventing education actions of reduce the factors of risk of the oral diseases and stomatology prevalence in the elderly population.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Envejecimiento</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiología bucal</kwd>
<kwd>autocuidado</kwd>
<kwd>uso de servicios de salud</kwd>
<kwd>aging</kwd>
<kwd>oral epidemiology</kwd>
<kwd>use of dental services</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La onicomicosis es la patología en uñas más frecuentemente descrita en la literatura. Además de los dermatofitos y las cándidas, otros hongos se han identificado como agentes primarios de onicomicosis, entre ellos Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp. y Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. En este trabajo se estudiaron 330 pacientes remitidos al laboratorio clínico del Hospital Calderón Guardia, por afecciones en las uñas de los pies. A 206 pacientes se les diagnosticó onicomicosis, de los cuales 119 fueron sólo por examen directo, 83 por examen directo y cultivo, mientras que 4 fueron solo por cultivo del agente etiológico en forma repetida. Entre los hongos identificados está Fusarium sp., hongo que no responde al tratamiento convencional que se administra a los dermatofitos, lo que resalta la importancia de identificar el agente involucrado en las onicomicosis.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Dermatophytes are the most common etiological agent of onychomycosis, however Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp. y Scopulariopsis brevicaulis have been identified as primary agent. In the present work we attended 330 patients which onychopathies in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital Calderon Guardia. In total 206 patients were diagnosed with onychomycosis. Of these patients, 119 were diagnosed only by direct examination, 83 by both direct examination and culture, and 4 only by culture of the etiological agent. Fusarium sp. was identified among the agents of onychomycosis. This fungus respond very poorly to antifungals commonly use in onychomycosis cause by dermatophytes. Thus, our finding point out the important of the identification of the etiological agent of onychomycosis.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Ciencias Médicas</journal-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Hospital Nacional Psiquiátrico  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
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<lpage>53</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Strongyloides stercoralis es un parásito intestinal, cuya prevalencia es usualmente subestimada en Costa Rica, porque se emplea solo el examen directo de las muestras de heces; mientras que, para S. stercoralis es necesario emplear métodos más sensibles, como el Baermann o el cultivo en agar. En otros países se ha considerado a los pacientes psiquiátricos como un grupo de riesgo para esta parasitosis; por lo que estudiamos un grupo de pacientes (n=108) y del personal (n=71) del Hospital Nacional Psiquiátrico, analizado mediante una modificación del método de Baermann y el examen directo estándar. Los parásitos más frecuentes fueron Endolimax nana (20%), Entamoeba coli (16%), Giardia duodenalis (4%), y dos casos de S. stercoralis, uno del grupo de pacientes y el otro del personal. Este informe corrobora la importancia del método de Baermann, porque los dos casos de S. stercoralis encontrados, además de dos de Trichuris y otros dos de uncinarias solo fueron detectados por el método de Baermann. Adicionalmente, la prevalencia global de parásitos intestinales encontrada fue un 10% superior a la prevalencia informada para el país en la encuesta nacional de 1996. Los datos presentados corroboran que los pacientes psiquiátricos representan un grupo de alto riesgo para los parásitos intestinales y cualquier otro agente transmitido por contaminación fecal.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal parasite, which prevalence is usually underestimated in Costa Rica, because the stool samples are analyzed only by direct fecal smears; whereas, for S. stercoralis analysis is necessary to use more sensible methods; such as the Baermann or agar culture methods. In other countries the psychiatric patients are considered as a risk group for this parasite. For this reason, a group of patients (n=108) and personal (n=71) from the National Hospital of Psychiatric were studied using a modification of the Baermann method and the standard direct fecal analysis. The most frequent parasites found were Endolimax nana (20%), Entamoeba coli (16%), Giardia duodenalis (4%), and two cases of S. stercoralis were diagnosed, one from the patients and the other in the staff. This report stresses the importance of the use of Baermann method, because the two cases of S. stercoralis found and other two cases of Trichuris and another two of hookworms were diagnosed only with this method. The global prevalence of intestinal parasites of the psychiatric patients was 30%, a 10% higher than the prevalence described for the country, according to the national survey from 1996. Our data corroborate that the psychiatric patients represent a high-risk group for intestinal parasites and also to any other agent transmitted by fecal contamination.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Strongyloides stercoralis</kwd>
<kwd>método de Baermann</kwd>
<kwd>parásitos intestinales</kwd>
<kwd>pacientes psiquiátricos</kwd>
<kwd>Strongyloides stercoralis</kwd>
<kwd>Baermann method</kwd>
<kwd>intestinal parasites</kwd>
<kwd>psychiatric patients</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se informa de un caso de miasis nosocomial en un paciente de 86 años internado en el antiguo Hospital &quot;San Rafael&quot;, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El paciente presentaba múltiples complicaciones. Fue sometido a respiración asistida y a la colocación de una sonda nasogástrica. Transcurridos cinco días de su internamiento se evidenció la presencia de larvas de mosca en su cavidad oral, que morfológicamente corresponden a Sarcophaga spp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) El presente constituye el primer caso de miasis nosocomial informado en la bibliografía médica de Costa Rica.</p></abstract>
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<given-names>Max</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,CCSS  </institution>
<addr-line>Nicoya </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0253-29482004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Actualmente la enfermedad cardiovascular es sin duda una de las principales causas de mortalidad alrededor del mundo. Dentro de los factores de riesgo para sufrir este tipo de patología se encuentran la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, que cada día se diagnostican con mayor frecuencia. No obstante, es interesante la asociación que se observa en una cantidad considerable de pacientes que presentan ambas enfermedades, lo cual ha llegado a plantear a los investigadores la posibilidad de un nexo fisiopatológico que las ligue entre sí. En este artículo se analizan estos mecanismos, así como la definición de hipertensión arterial en diabetes mellitus, el abordaje inicial, normas de tratamiento y análisis de los distintos agentes farmacológicos útiles en el manejo de esta patología dado que en base a la evidencia disponible la terapéutica es distinta entre un paciente hipertenso y diabético y uno solamente hipertenso.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays cardiovascular disease is without a doubt one of the main causes of mortality around the world. Among the risk factors to suffer this kind of pathology are arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus which are diagnosed more frequently each day. Nevertheless, there is an interesting association observed in a considerable amount of patients who present both diseases, which has led investigators to think of the possibility of a physiopathologic nexus that links them together. This article analyzes these mechanisms as well as the definition of arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus; the initial approach, treatment procedures, and analysis of the different pharmacological agents useful for handling this pathology, as, based on the available evidence, the therapeutics is different for a hypertense and diabetic patient and one that is only hypertense.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
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<kwd>tratamiento</kwd>
<kwd>fisiopatología</kwd>
<kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
<kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd>
<kwd>treatment</kwd>
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