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<articles>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Los cuarenta años de la morgue judicial de Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>3</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El esclavo libre: más que un libro</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The free slave: more than a book</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abarca Barrantes</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Solano Calderón</surname>
<given-names>Leslie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Consejo medico Forense  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Departamento de Medicina Legal de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>This investigative essay was born from the reading of the book El Esclavo Libre, in which Dr Acosta Guzmán, after a half of century in this abnegate profession decided to advice new doctors using for this purpose aslike a metaphor of freedom the slavery of those who love with passion living to serve the health of the others. In this book he brings important recognition to one of his masters Dr. Joaquin Zeledón Alvarado, it connect us with a primary source of information, Dr. Manuel Zeledón and Lic. Alicia Bogarín, who give us enriched photographic and bibliographic files, very important to us.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Este ensayo investigativo nace después de la lectura de El Esclavo Libre, que tras casi medio siglo de profesión médica abnegada, el Dr. Alfonso Acosta Guzmán escribe para aconsejar a los futuros médicos sobre las exigencias de esta profesión, usando como metáfora de libertad la esclavitud de aquel que su pasión está al servicio de la salud de los demás. En él brinda merecido reconocimiento a su maestro médico forense, el Dr. Joaquín Zeledón Alvarado y el libro nos conduce a fuentes de información primaria como el Dr. Manuel Zeledón Pérez y la Licenciada Alicia Bogarín Parra, quienes nos enriquecerán con archivos fotográficos y bibliográficos importantísimos.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Legal Medicine</kwd>
<kwd>Free Slave</kwd>
<kwd>Acosta Guzmán</kwd>
<kwd>Arguedas Piedra</kwd>
<kwd>Baudrit Solera</kwd>
<kwd>Alicia Bogarín Parra</kwd>
<kwd>Zeledón Alvarado</kwd>
<kwd>Zeledón Pérez</kwd>
<kwd>Rudolph Muelling</kwd>
<kwd>Vargas Alvarado</kwd>
<kwd>Quirós Madrigal</kwd>
<kwd>Testut</kwd>
<kwd>Thoinot</kwd>
<kwd>Lefert</kwd>
<kwd>Epícteto</kwd>
<kwd>Sanity headquarters</kwd>
<kwd>Forensic and Official Medicatura</kwd>
<kwd>Forensic Medical Organism</kwd>
<kwd>Legal Medicine Institute</kwd>
<kwd>University of Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>Medical Review</kwd>
<kwd>Medicina Legal</kwd>
<kwd>Esclavo Libre</kwd>
<kwd>Acosta Guzmán</kwd>
<kwd>Arguedas Piedra</kwd>
<kwd>Baudrit Solera</kwd>
<kwd>Alicia Bogarín Parra</kwd>
<kwd>Zeledón Alvarado</kwd>
<kwd>Zeledón Pérez</kwd>
<kwd>Rudolph Muelling</kwd>
<kwd>Vargas Alvarado</kwd>
<kwd>Quirós Madrigal</kwd>
<kwd>Testut</kwd>
<kwd>Thoinot</kwd>
<kwd>Lefert</kwd>
<kwd>Epícteto</kwd>
<kwd>Jefatura de Sanidad</kwd>
<kwd>Medicatura Oficial y Forense</kwd>
<kwd>Organismo Médico Forense</kwd>
<kwd>Instituto de Medicina Legal</kwd>
<kwd>Universidad de Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>Revista Médica</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El esclavo libre</article-title>
<source>El esclavo libre</source>
<year>1973</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>155</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal y Toxicología</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal y Toxicología</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<edition>Cuarta Edición</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acosta Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Muelling</surname>
<given-names>Rudolph</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal y Toxicología</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal y Toxicología</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baudrit</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acosta Guzmán</surname>
<given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prologo a la cuarta edición</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal y Toxicología</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal y Toxicología</source>
<year>1969</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>editorial Universidad de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bogarin</surname>
<given-names>Alicia</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Entrevista realizada el 12-10-04 en la dirección del Notariado Nacional</article-title>
<source></source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Editorial. Los treinta años de la Morgue Judicial de Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Medicina. Legal de Costa Rica</source>
<year>mayo</year>
<month> 1</month>
<day>99</day>
<volume>vol.11-12</volume>
<issue>no.2-1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Grillo</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source>Revista Ciencia, revista científico literaria y de interés profesional</source>
<year>1935</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>VII</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Imprenta Falco Hermanos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zeledón Pérez</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Mi herencia por la Medicina Legal</article-title>
<source>Mi herencia por la Medicina Legal</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zeledón Pérez</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Papel que jugó el Dr. Joaquín Zeledón en la Medicina Legal en Costa Rica</article-title>
<source>Papel que jugó el Dr. Joaquín Zeledón en la Medicina Legal en Costa Rica</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Psicopatía y violación: un estudio con ofensores sexuales costarricenses</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Violation and Psychopath: a study with Costarican sexual offenders</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Saborío Valverde</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,UNIBE  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R, Hare, 1991) and rapist subtype according to the Massachusetts Treatment Center Rapist Typology (MTC: R3, Knight &amp; Prentky, 1990) in a sample of incarcerated rapists in Costa Rica. The main goals of the present study were to empirically explore the role of psychopathy in the configuration of different rape subtypes and to examine the applicability of specialized psychological forensic approaches to Costa Rican criminal populations. The proportion of rapists in this study who scored 30 or higher on the PCL-R (35%) fell somewhere in between rates reported in similar studies. The prevalence of psychopathy obtained in this sample of Costa Rican rapists selected from a medium and maximum security facility is very encouraging methodologically due to the similar distribution with other North American samples of equivalent rapists. Reliability analyses of the PCL-R were acceptable and consistent with previous findings. The interrater agreement (ICC's) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) coefficients are within the range of values observed by other studies (Hare, 1991; Brown, 1994, Molto et. al, 2000). Results from the MTC: R3 produced remarkable differences between the psychopathic and nonpsychopathic rapists as hypothesized. Confirming previous findings (Barbaree et al., 1994; Brown, 1994; Brown &amp; Forth, 1997; Prentky et al., 1997), psychopathic rapists were motivated more often by opportunity and pervasive anger than sexual factors. Additionally, it is important to underline that in general, the percentage distribution of collapsed MTC: R3 subtypes in the present study showed a quit similar pattern to that reported by Brown (1994). This probably means that when used with equivalent rapist populations, the MTC: R3 rapist typology will possibly produce analogous distributions. However, this is a preliminary estimation to a very complex methodological classification system that must be further investigated with Costa Rican criminal populations.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El propósito del presente estudio fue explorar la relación existente entre la psicopatía, como es medida por la Lista de Chequeo de la Psicopatía Revisada (PCL-R, Hare, 1991) y el tipo de violador, de acuerdo con la Tipología de Violadores del Centro de Tratamiento de Massachussets (MTC: R3, Knight y Prentky, 1990) en una muestra de violadores privados de libertad costarricenses. Los objetivos principales del presente estudio fueron explorar empíricamente el papel de la psicopatía en la configuración de diferentes subtipos de violadores, así como examinar la aplicabilidad de modelos especializados en el área de la psicología forense a poblaciones penales costarricenses. La proporción de violadores en este estudio que puntuaron 30 o más en el PCL-R (35%) se asemeja a lo reportado en otros estudios. La prevalencia de psicopatía obtenida en esta muestra de violadores costarricenses seleccionados de un centro penitenciario de mediana y máxima seguridad es muy alentadora a nivel metodológico, debido a la distribución similar en comparación con otras muestras de violadores norteamericanos equivalentes. Los análisis de confiabilidad del PCL-R produjeron resultados aceptables y consistentes con hallazgos anteriores. Los coeficientes de acuerdo inter-evaluadores (ICC´s) y de consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) se ubicaron dentro del rango de valores observados en otros estudios (Hare, 1991; Brown, 1994; Molto y otros, 2000). Los resultados obtenidos en el MTC: R3 evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los violadores psicopáticos y los no psicopáticos tal y como se planteó en la hipótesis. Confirmando hallazgos anteriores (Barbaree y otros, 1994; Brown, 1994; Brown y Forth, 1997; Prentky y otros, 1997), los violadores psicopáticos estuvieron motivados más frecuentemente por la oportunidad y la ira generalizada que por factores de tipo sexual. Adicionalmente, es importante subrayar que, en general, la distribución porcentual de los subtipos del MTC: R3 agrupados mostró en el presente estudio un patrón bastante similar al reportado por Brown (1994). Esto probablemente significa que cuando la tipología de violadores MTC: R3 es utilizada con poblaciones de violadores equivalentes, probablemente se producirán distribuciones análogas. Sin embargo, esta es una estimación preliminar a un sistema de clasificación metodológicamente muy complejo que debe ser estudiado mucho más con poblaciones penales costarricenses.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>psychopathic rapists</kwd>
<kwd>sexual offenses</kwd>
<kwd>sexual deviations</kwd>
<kwd>sexual aggression</kwd>
<kwd>sadism</kwd>
<kwd>sexual reincidence</kwd>
<kwd>PCL-R</kwd>
<kwd>MTC: R3</kwd>
<kwd>Psicopatía</kwd>
<kwd>violadores</kwd>
<kwd>ofensores sexuales</kwd>
<kwd>desviación sexual</kwd>
<kwd>agresión sexual</kwd>
<kwd>sadismo</kwd>
<kwd>reincidencia sexual</kwd>
<kwd>PCL-R</kwd>
<kwd>MTC: R3</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Barbaree</surname>
<given-names>H.E</given-names>
</name>
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<surname>Seto</surname>
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<surname>Preston</surname>
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<given-names>H.E</given-names>
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<surname>Seto</surname>
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<surname>Richards</surname>
<given-names>H.R</given-names>
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<name>
<surname>Gacono</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gacono</surname>
<given-names>C.B</given-names>
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</person-group>
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<source>The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy. A practitioner's guide</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
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<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
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</nlm-citation>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sexual aggression and psychopathy among convicted rapists: Static, dynamic, and motivational precursors</article-title>
<source>Sexual aggression and psychopathy among convicted rapists: Static, dynamic, and motivational precursors</source>
<year>1994</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Ottawa^eOntario </publisher-loc>
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</nlm-citation>
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<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>S.L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Forth</surname>
<given-names>A.E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Psychopathy and sexual assault: Static risk factors, emotional precursors, and rapist subtypes</article-title>
<source>Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology</source>
<year>1997</year>
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<front>
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<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
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<article-id>S1409-00152005000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estrategias de evaluación psicológica en el ámbito forense</article-title>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>This article reviews some basic principles concerning forensic psychological assessment. Some of the more relevant ideas regarding the contemporary debate with reference to forensic psychological assessment are presented. Psychometric issues related with the practice of forensic psychological assessment are discussed, specially focusing in the different nature of clinical and forensic assessment strategies, and making some strong emphasis in the special requirements in the forensic arena. Additionally, a typology of psychological assessment instruments within the forensic field is shown. As a final point, some ideas on the subject of writing psychological forensic reports are described.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En este artículo se exponen algunos principios básicos de la evaluación psicológica forense. Se presentan algunos de los aspectos más relevantes en el debate actual en relación con los alcances y estrategias de la evaluación psicológica forense. Se discuten algunos aspectos psicométricos asociados con la práctica de la evaluación psicológica forense, en especial en comparación con las evaluaciones clínicas tradicionales, enfatizando fuertemente en los requerimientos especiales que supone la práctica evaluativa en el área forense. Asimismo, se muestra una tipología de instrumentos de evaluación psicológica en el campo forense. Se finaliza con algunas ideas en torno a la redacción de reportes psicológicos forenses.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>forensic psychological assessment</kwd>
<kwd>psychological tests</kwd>
<kwd>forensic instruments</kwd>
<kwd>trusty</kwd>
<kwd>validity</kwd>
<kwd>psycho legal</kwd>
<kwd>psychological assessment instruments</kwd>
<kwd>forensics reports</kwd>
<kwd>psychometric</kwd>
<kwd>Evaluación psicológica</kwd>
<kwd>tests psicológicos</kwd>
<kwd>instrumentos forenses</kwd>
<kwd>confiabilidad</kwd>
<kwd>validez</kwd>
<kwd>lo psicolegal</kwd>
<kwd>principios de evaluación</kwd>
<kwd>reportes forenses</kwd>
<kwd>psicometría</kwd>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The integration of the legal-psychological and social situation that children and adolescents go through from a violent divorce, concerns those of us who are involve in the protection of today’s citizens, known in traditional literature as minors. The laws, culture and religion as well as human interactions often forgets the physiological and moral damages that are produced to the most vulnerable members of the family at the moment of its disintegration. Also this paper refers to post- traumatic effects that will end in highly risked physic pathologies when this separation is violent from the economical, verbal, physical or sexual point of view.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La integración psico-legal y social de la situación que atraviesan las y los adolescentes y los niños y niñas ante un divorcio violento, es motivo actual de mucha preocupación para los sectores involucrados en la protección de los derechos de las y los ciudadanos de hoy, conocidos en la literatura tradicional como menores de edad. Las leyes, la cultura, la religión, tanto como las interacciones humanas se olvidan con mucha facilidad del daño psicológico y moral que se causa a los miembros más vulnerables de una familia al momento de su desintegración. También este trabajo se refiere a los efectos post- traumáticos que desencadenan psico-patologías de alto riesgo, cuando esta separación es violenta en el ámbito psicológico, verbal, físico y/o sexual.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>legal-psychological situation</kwd>
<kwd>children</kwd>
<kwd>adolescents</kwd>
<kwd>violent divorce</kwd>
<kwd>law protection</kwd>
<kwd>moral damages</kwd>
<kwd>psychological damages</kwd>
<kwd>situación legal psicologica</kwd>
<kwd>niñez</kwd>
<kwd>adolescencia</kwd>
<kwd>divorcio violento</kwd>
<kwd>protección legal</kwd>
<kwd>daño moral</kwd>
<kwd>daño psíquico</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Determinación del genero por medio de medidas y verificación del peso del hueso esternon (Brasil)</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sex determination by measures and weight verification of sternum bone.Brasil</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Queiroz</surname>
<given-names>Antonio</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wada</surname>
<given-names>Ronaldo B</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<name>
<surname>Preza</surname>
<given-names>Antonio</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Spadacio</surname>
<given-names>Célio</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De la Cruz</surname>
<given-names>Belkys</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Sociedad Brasileña de Medicina Legal  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Estatal de Campinas  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Centro Universitario de Várzea Grande  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Centro Universitario de Várzea Grande  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution>,FOP/UNICAMP  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Human gender determination is one of the main attributions of forensic odontologists and forensic pathologists responsible for the anthropological analysis of skeletons, parts and fragmented bones. One of the bones that can and must be analyzed is the sternum, considering its particular characteristics. In the present study we’ve measured and weighed 100 sternums, 50 belonging to female gender and 50 to male gender proceeding from Cuiabá-MT, with age varying between 19 and 103 years. It was verified that the measure of the center of the chamfer of the insertion of the first to the left costal arc and the weight of the manubrium and body of sternum, are highly significant, becoming parameters to determine the gender. A mathematical formula was also obtained that permitted to determine the gender in future analyses with indices of 69,2%. (SEX DETERMINATION BY MEASURES AND WEIGHT VERIFICATION OF ESTERNUM BONE)</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La determinación del género humano (sexo) es una de las principales atribuciones del odontólogo forense y del médico legista encargados del análisis antropológico de esqueletos, piezas y fragmentos óseos. Entre los huesos que pueden y deben ser analizados se encuentra el hueso esternón, considerando, principalmente, sus características particulares. En el presente estudio fueron medidos y pesados 100 huesos esternón, siendo 50 del género femenino y 50 del género masculino, provenientes de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 103 años. Fue verificado que la medida del centro de la escotadura de inserción del primer arco costal derecho al izquierdo y el peso del manubrio y cuerpo del esternón, altamente significantes, constituyen parámetros para determinar el género. Fue obtenida, también, una fórmula matemática que posibilita determinar el género en análisis futuras con índices de acierto de 69,2%. (SEX DETERMINATION BY MEASURES AND WEIGHT VERIFICATION OF ESTERNUM BONE)</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Sternum Bone</kwd>
<kwd>Anthropology</kwd>
<kwd>Sex Determination</kwd>
<kwd>Hueso Esternón</kwd>
<kwd>Antropología</kwd>
<kwd>Determinación de Sexo</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La medida de seguridad en Costa Rica</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Security measures in Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burgos Mata</surname>
<given-names>Álvaro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica  </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this essay the author tries to give to reader an theorical practical of the theme of the Security Measures in the Costarican context. He tries the matter from the nature and beginning of the measures, going trough the regulation and duration of them, concluding in the applications of these measures in teenagers and kids.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El presente artículo pretende proveer al lector de una visión teórico práctica acerca del tema de las Medidas de Seguridad dentro del contexto costarricense. Aborda el tema desde la naturaleza y el principio de las medidas, pasando por la regulación y duración de las mismas, para concluir en su aplicación en las personas menores de edad.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Security measure</kwd>
<kwd>Penitentiary</kwd>
<kwd>Penalty</kwd>
<kwd>Mental Exam</kwd>
<kwd>Medida de Seguridad</kwd>
<kwd>Penitenciario</kwd>
<kwd>Sanción</kwd>
<kwd>Examen Mental</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La radiología en la medicina legal de costa rica</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Radiology in Legal Medicine of Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leitón Araya</surname>
<given-names>Christopher</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Serrano Bulakar</surname>
<given-names>Guillermo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Medicina Legal de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Medicina Legal de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this essay we intent to provide the reader with a theoretical and practical approach to the topic of the medical images and their application in Costarican medico legal context. It aboards the subject from its nature and how, since the beginning, their accelerated growth and performance in the equipment and techniques in x-ray exploration, require expertise and constant training, both of which the Costa Rican Legal Medicine Department has since its foundation in 1965,counting on the diagnostic help be that x-rays provide to forensic medicine.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El presente artículo pretende proveer al lector de una visión teórico práctica acerca del tema de las imágenes médicas y su aplicación dentro del contexto médico legal costarricense. Aborda el tema desde su naturaleza y como desde el principio su acelerado perfeccionamiento en los equipos y en las técnicas de exploración en Rayos X, requieren de pericia y capacitación, de la cuales el Departamento De Medicina Legal no se quedó atrás ya que desde su inicio en 1965 cuenta con el auxilio diagnóstico de este servicio que los rayos equis proveen a la medicina forense.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>forensic radiology</kwd>
<kwd>radiological images</kwd>
<kwd>medical images</kwd>
<kwd>expertise</kwd>
<kwd>capacitating</kwd>
<kwd>Radiología forense</kwd>
<kwd>imágenes radiológicas</kwd>
<kwd>imágenes médicas</kwd>
<kwd>pericia</kwd>
<kwd>capacitación</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520050001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152005000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Factores socioeconómicos asociados al tipo de denuncias</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Socioeconomic factors associated to the type of denounces</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Flores Sandí</surname>
<given-names>Grettchen</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Medicina Legal  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152005000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The control of the public finance and the need of human resources, materials and training of the human medical resource, justify the study of the distribution, determinants, and the frequency of the services that they receive. In this context, it is stand in this study, where or not a relation exists between the socio economical factors and the type of denounce that is made by the consultant of the Medical Forensic Clinic. From the statistical analysis made, it shows us significant relationships between the denounce made and these variables: age, sex, civil state, occupation, education level.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El control del gasto público y las necesidades de recursos humanos, materiales y de capacitación del recurso humano médico y administrativo, tanto como los derechos de los usuarios de los servicios de salud, justifican el estudio de la distribución, los determinantes y la frecuencia de los servicios que estos reciben. En este contexto se plantea si existe alguna relación entre los factores socioeconómicos y el tipo de denuncia por la que consultan los usuarios de la Clínica Médico Forense. Del análisis estadístico realizado, se desprende que existen relaciones significativas entre los tipos de denuncia planteados y las variables: edad, sexo, estado civil, ocupación y nivel educativo</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>denounce</kwd>
<kwd>socio economical facts</kwd>
<kwd>forensic attendance</kwd>
<kwd>crimes tips</kwd>
<kwd>denuncias</kwd>
<kwd>factores socioeconómicos</kwd>
<kwd>atención forense</kwd>
<kwd>tipos de delitos</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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