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<articles>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152009000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Opinión de la dirección</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas Sanabría</surname>
<given-names>Maikel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Revista de Medicina Legal de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152009000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Desgarro y escotadura congénita del himen: Su valoración medicolegal</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kvitko</surname>
<given-names>Luis Alberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Asociación Latinoamericana de Medicina Legal y Deontología Médica e Iberoamericana de Ciencias Forenses  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En el presente artículo se analizan conceptos claves para la valoración médico legal de los delitos sexuales a través de una revisión bibliográfica que incluye aspectos históricos, técnicos y científicos del tema. Principalmente se insiste en la diferencia entre un desgarro del himen, ya sea antiguo o reciente y una escotadura congénita, dada la importancia que esto supone dentro de un proceso judicial. Se incluyen además fotografías y figuras para aclarar e ilustrar dichos conceptos y su adecuada valoración.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper it is analyzed key concepts for legal medicine valoration of sexual crimes by a bibliographic review which includes historical, technological, scientifical aspects of this issue. It is insisted the difference between hymen rupture (old or recent) and/or congenital recess; because of the importance that this carries in law procedures. Photographies and figures are included to show these concepts and its optimal evaluation.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Delitos sexuales</kwd>
<kwd>valoración médico legal</kwd>
<kwd>himen</kwd>
<kwd>ruptura reciente</kwd>
<kwd>ruptura antigua</kwd>
<kwd>desgarro himeneal</kwd>
<kwd>escotadura congénita</kwd>
<kwd>carúnculas himeneales</kwd>
<kwd>acceso carnal</kwd>
<kwd>Sexual crimes</kwd>
<kwd>legal medical valoration</kwd>
<kwd>hymen recent rupture</kwd>
<kwd>old rupture</kwd>
<kwd>congenital recess</kwd>
<kwd>carnal access</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
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<article-id>S1409-00152009000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Participación del odontólogo en la determinación del diagnóstico de la causa de muerte y del intervalo post - mortem</article-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Antioquia  </institution>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Odontóloga Especialista en Odontología Forense  </institution>
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<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Antioquia  </institution>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Resumen: La serie de conocimientos teórico - prácticos de las ciencias básicas forenses que confluyen sobre el odontólogo forense, incitan para que por medio de sus peritajes y/o experticia, tenga como fin último servir a la justicia. Este artículo pretende realzar las capacidades de auxilio que puede desempeñar el odontólogo forense dado la magnitud de su campo de acción y debido a que es un profesional altamente capacitado para poner de manifiesto la importancia de los fenómenos cadavéricos que se describen en esta revisión. Se tratarán las manifestaciones evidentes de los fenómenos cadavéricos sobre el sistema estomatognático en múltiples causas de muerte, sus métodos de establecimiento, los factores individuales y ambientales en los que son partícipes, sus leyes, sus etapas, sus excepciones, etc., para que a partir de allí pueda conjeturarse la participación del odontólogo forense en el área judicial como tal.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The theoretical series of knowledge - practitioners of forensic basic sciences that come together on the forensic dentist, urge so that by means of their expert works, must like last aim serve justice. This article tries to heighten the aid capacities that can carry out forensic dentist given the magnitude of its battle area and because she/he is a professional highly enabled to show the importance of the deathly pale phenomena that are described in this review. The evident manifestations will be the deathly pale phenomena on the estomatognatic system in multiple causes of death, their the individual and environmental methods of establishment, factors in which they are contributor, their laws, their stages, their exceptions, etc., so that from the participation of the forensic dentist in the judicial area like so can there be conjectured.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>odontología forense</kwd>
<kwd>fenómenos cadavéricos</kwd>
<kwd>post mortem</kwd>
<kwd>forensic dentistry</kwd>
<kwd>deathly pale phenomena</kwd>
<kwd>post mortem</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152009000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Muerte súbita de origen neuropatológico: I parte</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas Sanabria</surname>
<given-names>Maikel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Poder Judicial Departamento de Medicina Legal </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se presenta una serie de dos artículos en este número de la revista Medicina Legal de Costa Rica sobre muerte súbita de origen neuropatológico. En esta primera parte se analiza a profundidad el concepto de muerte súbita, se propone una definición lo más completa posible y se identifican sus principales causas. Asismismo se habla de la neuropatología forense no traumática, es decir, aquellas patologías originadas en el sistema nervioso central capaces de originar una muerte no violenta. Se revisa sus principales carácterísticas y perfil epidemiológico con base en literatura médica actualizada.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>It is presented a series of two papers in this magazine &quot;Medicina Legal de Costa Rica&quot; about origin of neuropathological sudden death. In the first part it is analyzed the concept of sudden death and it is proposed a complete definition and its principal causes. It is also mentioned the concept of non traumatic forensic neuropathology, these pathologies of central nervous system that cause dead with no violent death involved. It is reviewed the main characteristics and the epidemiological profile based on actualized medical bibliography.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Muerte súbita</kwd>
<kwd>neuropatología forense no traumática</kwd>
<kwd>aneurismas saculares</kwd>
<kwd>epilepsia</kwd>
<kwd>malformaciones arteriovenosas</kwd>
<kwd>tumores del sistema nervioso central</kwd>
<kwd>hemorragia subaracnoidea no traumática</kwd>
<kwd>hematomas intraparenquimatosos</kwd>
<kwd>meningitis bacteriana</kwd>
<kwd>Sudden death</kwd>
<kwd>non traumatic forensic neuropathology</kwd>
<kwd>secular aneurisms</kwd>
<kwd>epilepsy</kwd>
<kwd>venousarterial malformations</kwd>
<kwd>central nervous system neoplasias</kwd>
<kwd>non traumatic subarachnoid bleeding</kwd>
<kwd>bacterial meningitis</kwd>
<kwd>intraparenquimal haematoma</kwd>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152009000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El Diagnóstico de Muerte Neurológica en Costa Rica: Análisis de los artículos 14 y 15 de la Ley Nº 7409</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carazo Céspedes</surname>
<given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
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<given-names>Raúl Bonilla</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital San Juan de Dios Servicio de Neurología </institution>
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</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Hospital San Juan de Dios Servicio de Patología </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El presente trabajo expone algunos puntos de discusión acerca de la ley costarricense número 7409 &quot;Ley sobre Autorización para Trasplantar Órganos y Materiales Anatómicos Humanos y su Reglamento&quot;, en la que se describen algunos lineamientos de índole médica sobre el diagnóstico de muerte neurológica que resultan inexactos. Por ello se proponen criterios precisos para este diagnóstico, fundamentados en revisiones basadas en evidencia. Además espera ser un documento de consulta y discusión para profesionales en derecho y salud, en los diferentes gremios o asociaciones.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The present work shows some points of discussion about costarrican &quot;Law for organs an human anatomic materials for transplants and ruling&quot;, law number 7409in wich is written the alignments of medical issue about the diagnosis of brain death that are in someway inadequate. Also it is hoped that this paper be a document of consult and discussion for both medical an law professionals</p></abstract>
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<kwd>Muerte neurológica</kwd>
<kwd>legislación costarricense</kwd>
<kwd>donación de órganos</kwd>
<kwd>criterios diagnósticos de muerte cerebral</kwd>
<kwd>certificado de defunción</kwd>
<kwd>Brain death</kwd>
<kwd>costarrican legislation</kwd>
<kwd>organ donation</kwd>
<kwd>criteria for brain death diagnosis</kwd>
<kwd>death certification</kwd>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
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<article-id>S1409-00152009000100006</article-id>
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<article-title xml:lang="es">Consideraciones jurídicas y médico legales en torno a la definición de Acto Médico emitida por el Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica, en sesión ordinaria 2008.07.23, mediante acuerdo SJG.7783.08.08</article-title>
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<given-names>Franz</given-names>
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<institution>,Poder Judicial Departamento de Medicina Legal </institution>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
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<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El acto médico ha sido visto tradicionalmente como el evento que se sucede como consecuencia de la relación médico paciente, acto que solo puede ser ejecutado por un médico y que lleva implícito obligaciones y deberes tanto de una parte como de otra. Actualmente en Costa Rica, el órgano que dirige la actividad gremial de los médicos, (Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos), ha definido, lo que en su criterio, es el acto médico. Esta definición, implica un análisis serio y profundo, pues trae consecuencias para el gremio que deben ser analizadas desde la academia.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The medical act has been seen traditionally like the event that happens as consequence of the patient - doctor relationship, act that can only be done by a physician and that carries obligations and duties from both parts. Nowadays the organ that follows the medical activities in Costa Rica (Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos) has defined what on its criteria is an medical act. This definition implies a deep and serious analysis, because it carries consequences that have to be analyzed from academical point of view.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>consecuencias de dicha definición</kwd>
<kwd>Medical act</kwd>
<kwd>official definition of medical act in Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>consequences of this definition</kwd>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520090001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
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</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152009000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riñón en herradura asociado a variantes anatómicas</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez Palomo</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Especialista en Anatomía </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152009000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El riñón en herradura es una variante anatómica frecuente del sistema renal que normalmente cursa asintomático, sin embargo, la concomitancia de anormalidades congénitas en los pacientes portadores de esta variante puede desencadenar síntomas producto de complicaciones renales, cardiocirculatorias y varios tipos de neoplasias que tienden a la malignidad. Este trabajo describe la variante anatómica del riñón en herradura asociado a tres uréteres independientes con variante arteriovenosa de su hilio que constaa de cuatro arterias renales y tres venas renales, en un caso incidental de disección en el laboratorio de anatomía de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Además, se presenta una revisión actualizada de la variante denominada riñón en herradura para brindar a los profesionales del área de la salud datos para su detección y diagnóstico, y poder asociarlo con las anormalidades congénitas descritas, con el fin de prevenir complicaciones en los pacientes.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The horseshoe kidney is a common anatomical variation of de renal system that is often asymptomatic, however the concomitance with congenital abnormalities in these patients could result in the development of symptoms because of the renal or cardiovascular complications and renal tumors that arise predominantly as malignancies. This job describes the anatomic variations of a horseshoe kidney associated to three independent ureters and a hilium arteriovenous variant consistent in four renal arteries and three renal veins, an incidental dissection case found in the laboratory of Costa Rica’s University Medicine School. Moreover, an actualized literature review of the horseshoe kidney is presented so that health professionals could be able to detect it and diagnose it, and associate it with the congenital abnormalities described above to prevent its complications.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>Riñón en herradura</kwd>
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<kwd>tumor de Wilms</kwd>
<kwd>Horseshoe kidneys</kwd>
<kwd>metanephros</kwd>
<kwd>Wilms tumor</kwd>
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