<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<articles>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Editorial</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paguaga López</surname>
<given-names>Max</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>05</fpage>
<lpage>05</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La Relación Médico Paciente Hipocrática</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kvitko</surname>
<given-names>Luis Alberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Medicina </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>07</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La relación médico paciente, a lo largo de casi dos y medio milenios, siguió la tradicional concepción hipocrática, en virtud de la cual, los pacientes y sus familias, tenían absoluta confianza en el profesional, a la vez que éste gozaba del mayor respeto y autoridad sobre los mismos. Ello, a la luz del &quot;paternalismo médico&quot;, por el cual jamás se solicitaba al médico explicación alguna sobre su proceder, al propio tiempo que tampoco el mismo estaba obligado, al propio tiempo que ni pensaba, siquiera, en darla, todo lo contrario. Transcurrido tanto tiempo, el advenimiento del liberalismo cambia drásticamente tal concepción hipocrática, y establece una forma completamente distinta de &quot;relación médico paciente&quot;. De esta manera se comienza a considerar que el paciente es un individuo autónomo, capaz y al mismo tiempo acreedor a ser receptor de toda la información necesaria así como de ser absolutamente libre para tomar todo tipo de decisiones sobre su propia salud.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The physician-patient relationship, for as long as two and a half millennia, followed Hippocrates the traditional understanding, under which patients and their families had absolute confidence in the professional, at the same time the physician enjoyed the respect and authority over them. This was the &quot;medical paternalism&quot;, in this model the doctor was never asked, by the patient or his family, for any explanation of his conduct, at the same time that he was not forced to share it or to communicate with the patient. With the advent of liberalism the Hippocratic concept changed, providing a completely different way of &quot;doctor-patient relationship.&quot; This new model of relationship consider that the patient is an autonomous individual, capable, and able to receive all necessary information and had a complete freedom on making the decisions about their own health.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Relación médico-paciente</kwd>
<kwd>Hipócrates</kwd>
<kwd>juramento hipocrático</kwd>
<kwd>consentimiento informado</kwd>
<kwd>Esculapio</kwd>
<kwd>The physician-patient relationship</kwd>
<kwd>Hippocrates</kwd>
<kwd>Hippocratic Oath</kwd>
<kwd>Aesculapian, informed consent</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Consejos de Esculapio</article-title>
<source>Consejos de Esculapio</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hipócrates</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="la">De habitu decenti, Perì euskshemosynes</article-title>
<source>De habitu decenti, Perì euskshemosynes</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>I</volume>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gredos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hipócrates</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sobre la dieta De victu</article-title>
<source>Sobre la dieta De victu</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>I</volume>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gredos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hipócrates</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Sobre las úlceras</article-title>
<source>Sobre las úlceras</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>I</volume>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gredos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hipócrates</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Escritos Hipocráticos</article-title>
<source>Escritos Hipocráticos</source>
<year>1983</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>I</volume>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Gredos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Juramento de Hipócrates</article-title>
<source>Juramento de Hipócrates</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Juramento de Maimónides</article-title>
<source>Juramento de Maimónides</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Entralgo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Historia Universal de la Medicina</article-title>
<source>Historia Universal de la Medicina</source>
<year>1981</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Barcelona </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Salvat</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Maimónides</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The medical aphorisms of Moises Maimonides</article-title>
<source>The medical aphorisms of Moises Maimonides</source>
<year>1970</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Brooklyn^eNY </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Accidentes de tránsito como riesgo laboral ocurridos durante los años 2006 y 2007, valorados en la sección de medicina del trabajo del Departamento de Medicina Legal</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bogantes Rojas</surname>
<given-names>Josette</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garro Vargas</surname>
<given-names>Karen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Poder Judicial Departamento de Medicina Legal </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>En los últimos años los accidentes de tránsito sufridos por los trabajadores mientras llevan a cabo su jornada laboral, han aumentado en número y severidad. En el presente trabajo se estudiaron los accidentes de tránsito que fueron valorados como riesgo laboral en la Sección de Medicina del Trabajo durante los años 2006-2007 (total de casos evaluados por esta causa 121). Obteniéndose del mismo una caracterización del trabajador afectado, siendo este, de sexo masculino, entre los 30 y los 49 años, chofer o mensajero motorizado. Además se logró determinar que la mayoría de las lesiones presentadas por estos trabajadores correspondió con fracturas de los miembros inferiores (tibia y peroné) y con traumatismos craneoencefálicos, resultando como secuelas más destacadas el dolor residual y la limitación funcional, por lo que se les otorgó una incapacidad temporal y permanente acorde con la severidad de sus secuelas.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>In the last years, the traffic accident suffered by workers while carrying out their jobs, increased by number and severity. In this paper we studied the traffic accidents valued as laboral risk by the Department of Work Medicine during 2006-2007 (Total of cases evaluated: 121). There is a dominant pattern among the studied cases; most of them were men from 30 up to 49 years old, bus/taxi drivers or motorcycle messengers. The main injuries presented by these workers corresponded to inferior member fractures (warm and perone) and head traumatisms, with sequels such as residual pain and functional limitation, that granted in some cases a temporal or permanent disability depending to the severity.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Accidente de Tránsito</kwd>
<kwd>Riesgo laboral</kwd>
<kwd>Accidente de Trayecto</kwd>
<kwd>Lesiones</kwd>
<kwd>Secuelas</kwd>
<kwd>Incapacidad Temporal</kwd>
<kwd>Incapacidad Permanente</kwd>
<kwd>Traffic Accident</kwd>
<kwd>Laboral Risk</kwd>
<kwd>Usual Road Traffic Accidents</kwd>
<kwd>Injuries</kwd>
<kwd>Sequels</kwd>
<kwd>Temporal Disability</kwd>
<kwd>Permanent Disability</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benítez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cárcamo</surname>
<given-names>L. P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cárcamo</surname>
<given-names>J. I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Seguridad Social y Accidentes in itínere: un tema complejo con soluciones complejas</article-title>
<source>Seguridad Social y Accidentes in itínere: un tema complejo con soluciones complejas</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gisbert</surname>
<given-names>J. A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal y Toxicología</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal y Toxicología</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>6</edition>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Masson</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Contempla las Reformas de la Ley de Protección al Trabajador</article-title>
<source>Contempla las Reformas de la Ley de Protección al Trabajador</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>28</edition>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editec</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Cuadro de estadísticas de accidentes</article-title>
<source>Cuadro de estadísticas de accidentes</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Dirección General de Policía de Tránsito de Costa Rica</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>M. J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">La Valoración del Daño Corporal por Accidente de Tráfico en el Instituto de Medicina Legal de Castellón, Tras La Ley 30 de 1995</article-title>
<source>La Valoración del Daño Corporal por Accidente de Tráfico en el Instituto de Medicina Legal de Castellón, Tras La Ley 30 de 1995</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Valencia </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Servei</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Glizer</surname>
<given-names>I. M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prevención de accidentes y lesiones: Conceptos, métodos y orientaciones para países en desarrollo</article-title>
<source>Prevención de accidentes y lesiones: Conceptos, métodos y orientaciones para países en desarrollo</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>29</volume>
<publisher-loc>^eWashington, D.C </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>OPS</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lossetti</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Trezza</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Patitó</surname>
<given-names>J. A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Accidentes de tránsito: Consideraciones Médico Legales, Lesionológicas y Tanatológicas</article-title>
<source>Accidentes de tránsito: Consideraciones Médico Legales, Lesionológicas y Tanatológicas</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2,3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Plan Estratégico Nacional de Seguridad Vial Año 2007-2011</article-title>
<source>Plan Estratégico Nacional de Seguridad Vial Año 2007-2011</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>COSEVI</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medidas de Bioseguridad en una sala de disección de anatomía patológica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mena Marín</surname>
<given-names>Margarita</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alpízar Calvo</surname>
<given-names>Ted</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mena Umaña</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Área de Salud Aserrí  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Ministerio de Salud  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Hospital Max Peralta Servicio de Patología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El objetivo principal es analizar las medidas de bioseguridad en el laboratorio de disección de anatomía patológica del hospital Max Peralta en Cartago. Con el fin de valorar los riesgos asociados con la exposición al formaldehido, se utilizaron las guías de referencia de la Administración en Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional (OSHA) y del Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad (NIOSH). Tomando en cuenta tres variables: uso de medidas de protección, diseño del laboratorio y ventilación. Los datos fueron analizados en el mes de diciembre del 2009. Se encontró que en la sala de disección no existe un adecuado sistema de ventilación para evitar la acumulación de formalina en el aire. El personal que labora allí si toma las medidas de seguridad para protección personal. El diseño de la sala cumple con la mayor parte de los requerimientos tales como que se encuentre separado del área de oficinas, presencia de lavamanos y mesas de material resistente que permitan una fácil limpieza y desinfección. Pero los estantes que se encuentran en el pasillo principal en los cuales se almacenan tejidos para la docencia, no se encuentran asegurados a la pared, lo que evidencia un potencial riesgo en caso de sismo o incendio al obstruir la única salida del laboratorio. Conclusión: Es importante identificar los riesgos en el lugar de trabajo que podrían causar daño. Deben anticiparse y evaluarse cuidadosamente la prevención de riesgos y la salud, para que se incorporen medidas de diseño recomendadas según sea posible. Sin embargo, no importa que tan bien estructurado esté un laboratorio, pues su uso inapropiado puede producir riesgos laborales. Por lo que es importante la educación en el personal.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To analyze the biosafety protocols at the laboratory of dissection in the Max Peralta Hospital in Cartago Materials and Methods: With the purpose of knowing the hazards associated with exposure to formaldehyde, we analyzed guidelines provided by the Occupational of Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH). The variables associated to the study were the use of personal protective equipment, laboratory design and ventilation. The study took place in the month of December 2009. Results: There is no adequate ventilation system to avoid the concentration of formalin in the air. The staff is using all the personal equipment recommended. The room of dissection is separated from the offices, has a sink for hand washing, the work table can be easily cleaned and it is resistant to the chemical actions of chemicals and disinfectants. The hallways shelves do not have seismic restraint. Conclusion: It is important to anticipate the hazards in the. Health and safety hazards shall be anticipated and carefully evaluated so that protective measures can be incorporated into design wherever is possible. However, no matter how well design a laboratory is the miss use of its facilities that will defeat the engineered safety features. Proper education of the facility users is essential.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Normas de bioseguridad</kwd>
<kwd>formalina</kwd>
<kwd>laboratorio</kwd>
<kwd>diseño del laboratorio</kwd>
<kwd>ventilación</kwd>
<kwd>Biosecurity protocols</kwd>
<kwd>formaline</kwd>
<kwd>laboratory</kwd>
<kwd>ventilation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Substance Technical Guidelines for formalin</article-title>
<source>Substance Technical Guidelines for formalin</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Safety and health topics: Hazardous and toxic Substances</article-title>
<source>Safety and health topics: Hazardous and toxic Substances</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</article-title>
<source>NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Laboratory safety design guide: Bio-safety laboratorios</article-title>
<source>Laboratory safety design guide: Bio-safety laboratorios</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Enviromental health and safety laboratory safety design guide: Enviromental requirements</article-title>
<source>Enviromental health and safety laboratory safety design guide: Enviromental requirements</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Personal Protective Equipment</article-title>
<source>Personal Protective Equipment</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Laboratory safety design guide: Laboratory Ventilation</article-title>
<source>Laboratory safety design guide: Laboratory Ventilation</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Análisis Sectorial de Salud</article-title>
<source>Análisis Sectorial de Salud</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ministerio de Salud</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Valoración en medicina del trabajo Departamento de Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garro Vargas</surname>
<given-names>Karen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Poder Judicial Departamento de Medicina Legal </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La valoración en Medicina del Trabajo dentro del Departamento de Medicina Legal de Costa Rica comprende casos de riesgos del trabajo (accidentes y enfermedades del trabajo), ordinarios riesgos de trabajo, proceso ordinario laboral, despidos de mujeres embarazadas, pensiones por invalidez y pensiones alimentarias. Para realizar dichas valoraciones el médico forense debe tener conocimiento de las definiciones de cada uno de ellos y de la legislación de nuestro país.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Assessment in Occupational Medicine within the Department of Legal Medicine of Costa Rica includes cases of occupational hazards (accidents and occupational diseases), work regular process, dismissal of pregnant women, disability pensions and alimony. To conduct such reviews the medical examiner should be aware of the definitions of each and legislation of our country.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Riesgo de Trabajo</kwd>
<kwd>Proceso ordinario laboral</kwd>
<kwd>Despido mujeres embarazadas</kwd>
<kwd>Pensiones por invalidez</kwd>
<kwd>Pensiones alimentarias</kwd>
<kwd>Occupational hazards</kwd>
<kwd>Ordinary risks of work</kwd>
<kwd>Work regular process</kwd>
<kwd>Dismissal of pregnant women</kwd>
<kwd>Disability pensions</kwd>
<kwd>Alimony</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Calabuig</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal y Toxicología</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal y Toxicología</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>6</edition>
<publisher-loc>Madrid </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Masson</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Código de Familia</article-title>
<source>Código de Familia</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>17</edition>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>IJSA</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ley de Pensiones Alimentarias</article-title>
<source>Ley de Pensiones Alimentarias</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Ley de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional</article-title>
<source>Ley de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Proyecto Nº 16762 del 16/4/09. Reforma de los artículos 1 y 2 de la Ley de Pensión Vitalicia para personas que padezcan Parálisis Cerebral Profunda</article-title>
<source>Diario La Gaceta</source>
<year>4/5/</year>
<month>09</month>
<day></day>
<volume>84</volume>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Reglamento del Seguro de Invalidez, Vejez y Muerte de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social</article-title>
<source>Reglamento del Seguro de Invalidez, Vejez y Muerte de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social</source>
<year>9 de</year>
<month> e</month>
<day>ne</day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Reglamento de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social del Régimen no Contributivo de Pensiones</article-title>
<source>Reglamento de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social del Régimen no Contributivo de Pensiones</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Solórzano</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Valoración Médico Legal de las Pensiones por invalidez otorgadas en el Departamento de Medicina Legal</article-title>
<source>Valoración Médico Legal de las Pensiones por invalidez otorgadas en el Departamento de Medicina Legal</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Código de Trabajo</article-title>
<source>Código de Trabajo</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>26</edition>
<publisher-loc>San José </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editec Editores</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Medicina Legal</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc>^eD.F., México </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Trillas</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Microquimerismo natural ¿Existen humanos con varios genomas?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quirós Alpízar</surname>
<given-names>José Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arce Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>Isabel Cristina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Medicina Departamento de Anatomía</institution>
<addr-line>Cartago </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Medicina </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>59</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El microquimerismo humano se define como la presencia dentro de un individuo de una pequeña población de células originadas en un individuo genéticamente distinto. El microquimerismo adquirido de forma natural se desarrolla a lo largo del embarazo, como una consecuencia del ampliamente demostrado tráfico bidireccional transplacentario de células. Esta trasferencia resulta en un estado microquimérico a décadas posparto, tanto para la madre (microquimerismo fetal) como para su progenie (microquimerismo materno). Aún más, el establecimiento de esta condición ocurre, iatrogénicamente, posterior al trasplante de órganos y la transfusión de sangre. Actualmente el microquimerismo es un tema de gran interés alrededor del mundo, dadas sus múltiples posibles implicaciones en la salud y en la enfermedad. Su estudio comenzó a raíz del potencial para el desarrollo de técnicas de diagnóstico prenatal no invasivo, en el presente se tienen amplias expectativas de su utilidad en la terapia con células madre. Se ha propuesto que el microquimerismo podría estar implicado en la patogénesis de ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes, en la reparación de tejidos, el cáncer y la inducción de tolerancia.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Human microchimerism is defined as the presence within one individual of a small population of cells originated in a genetically distinct individual. Naturally acquired microchimerism develops throughoutpregnancy, as a consequence of the clearly demonstrated bidirectional transplacental traffic of cells. This transference results in a long-term postpartum microchimeric state for both, the mother (fetal microchimerism) and her progeny (maternal microchimerism). Furthermore, the establishment of this condition occurs, iatrogenically, after organ transplantation and blood transfusions. Microchimerism is subject of current interest worldwide, given its multiple possible implications for health and disease. Initial investigation was promoted because of its potential for the development of new techniques in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis, nowadays its feasible utility for stem cell therapy is being explored. Hypotheses propose that microchimerism could be involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, tissue repair, cancer and tolerance induction.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Microquimerismo</kwd>
<kwd>embarazo</kwd>
<kwd>placenta</kwd>
<kwd>microquimerismo natural</kwd>
<kwd>microquimerismo materno</kwd>
<kwd>microquimerismo fetal</kwd>
<kwd>Microchimerism</kwd>
<kwd>pregnancy</kwd>
<kwd>placenta</kwd>
<kwd>naturally acquired microchimerism</kwd>
<kwd>maternal microchimerism</kwd>
<kwd>fetal microchimerism</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stevens</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Maternal michochimerism - Allogenic target of autoimmune disease or Normal Biology</article-title>
<source>Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>5</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Régnier</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aractingi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism and autoinmune diseases</article-title>
<source>European Journal of Internal Medicine</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism: incidental byproduct or pregnancy or active participant in human health</article-title>
<source>TRENDS in molecular medicine</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal cells in maternal tissue following pregnancy: what are the consequences</article-title>
<source>Human Reproduction Update</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sarkar</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Possible roles and determinants of microchimerism in autoimmune and other disorders</article-title>
<source>Autoimmunity Reviews</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Naturally acquired microchimerism: for better or for worse</article-title>
<source>Arthritis Rheum</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>60</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Your Cells Are My Cells</article-title>
<source>Scientific American</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>298</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fuggle</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of microchimerism after blood transfusion and solid organ transplantation: A delicate balance between sensitivity and specificity</article-title>
<source>Transplantation Reviews</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>13</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Romero</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Biological implications of bi-directional fetomaternal cell traffic: a summary of a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-sponsored conference</article-title>
<source>The Journal of MaternalFetal &amp; Neonatal Medicine</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism, an Investigative Frontier in Autoinmunity and Transplantation</article-title>
<source>Journal of American Medical Association</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>291</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Teplitz</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beutler</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mosaicism, Chimerism and Sex-Chromosome Inactivation</article-title>
<source>Blood</source>
<year>1966</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ramsay</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Different causes for true hermaphroditism</article-title>
<source>Molecular Medicine Today</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quirós</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alpízar</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Quimerismo genético un nuevo paradigma para la medicina legal</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boklage</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Embryogenesis of chimeras, twins and anterior midline asymmetries</article-title>
<source>Human Reproduction</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>21</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sykes</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sachs</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mixed Chimerism</article-title>
<source>Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>356</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Janes</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dhaliwal</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wood</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Tolerance in renal transplantation: is mixed chimerism the missing link</article-title>
<source>Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gammill</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Naturally acquired microchimerism</article-title>
<source>The International Journal of Developmental Biology</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Black</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maheshwari</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Disorders of the Fetomaternal Unit: Hematologic Manifestation in the Fetus and Neonate</article-title>
<source>Seminars in Perinatology</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arlett</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism in Health and Disease</article-title>
<source>Microchimerism in Health and Disease</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dawe</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wei Tan</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cell migration from baby to mother</article-title>
<source>Cell Adhesion &amp; Migration</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaye</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pawlina</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Histología: Texto y Atlas Color con Biología Celular y Molecular</article-title>
<source>Histología: Texto y Atlas Color con Biología Celular y Molecular</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Médica Panamericana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cunningham</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leveno</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bloom</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hauth</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rouse</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spong</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chapter 3. Implantation, Embryogenesis, and Placental Development</article-title>
<source>Chapter 3. Implantation, Embryogenesis, and Placental Development</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>23</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw Hill Professional</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lebovic</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>D</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shoback</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chapter 17. The endocrinology of Pregnancy</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Gardner. Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology</article-title>
<source>Gardner. Greenspan’s Basic and Clinical Endocrinology</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Knuppel</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>A</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nathan</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chapter 8. MaternalPlacental-Fetal Unit; Fetal &amp; Early Neonatal Physiology</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">DeCherny. Current Diagnosis &amp; Treatment Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology</article-title>
<source>DeCherny. Current Diagnosis &amp; Treatment Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>10</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>McGraw-Hill Medical</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O’Donoghue</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Implications of fetal stem cell trafficking in pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>6</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetomaternal cell traffickin: a story that begins with prenatal diagnosis and may end with stem cell therapy</article-title>
<source>Journal of Pediatric Surgery</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>42</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sato</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fujimori</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sato</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ohto</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism after induced or spontaneous abortion</article-title>
<source>American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>112</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Klonisch</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drouin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal-maternal exchange of multipotent stem/progenitor cell: microchimerism in diagnosis and disease</article-title>
<source>Trends in Molecular Medicine</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ariga</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ohto</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Busch</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Imamura</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reed</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Kinetics of fetal cellular and cell-free DNA in the maternal circulation during and after pregnancy: implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis</article-title>
<source>Transfusion</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tustschek</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frost</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rodeck</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yazdani</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Craft</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Williamson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The time of apperance and disappearance of fetal DNA fron the maternal circulations</article-title>
<source>Prenatal Diagnosis</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Circulating fetal DNA: Its origin and diagnostic potencial - A review</article-title>
<source>Placeta</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gilbert</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harmon</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Incompatibilidad hemolítica: Manual de embarazo y parto de alto riesgo</article-title>
<source>Incompatibilidad hemolítica: Manual de embarazo y parto de alto riesgo</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Persaud</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Embriología Clínica</article-title>
<source>Embriología Clínica</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>8</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Botella</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Claveo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Tratado de ginecología: fisiología, obstetricia, perinatología, ginecología y reproducción</article-title>
<source>Tratado de ginecología: fisiología, obstetricia, perinatología, ginecología y reproducción</source>
<year>1993</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>14</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ediciones Díaz de Santos</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Burton</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tham</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Formation of vasculo-syncytial membranes in the human placenta</article-title>
<source>Journal of Developmental Physiology</source>
<year>1992</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>43</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benirschke</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kaufmann</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pathology of the human placenta</article-title>
<source>Pathology of the human placenta</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal cells in the mother: from genetic diagnosis to diseases associated with fetal cell microchimerism</article-title>
<source>Reproductive Biology</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>92</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gammill</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Naturally acquired microchimerism</article-title>
<source>The International Journal of Developmental Biology</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>54</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Microchimerism in autoimmune disease: more questions than answers</article-title>
<source>Autoimmunity Reviews</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jonsson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Uzunel</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Götherström</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Maternal michochimerism in human fetal tissues</article-title>
<source>American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Ginecology</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>198</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>O’Donoghue</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal microchimerism and maternal health during and after pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Obstetric Medicine</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hahn</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Huppertz</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Holzgreve</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal cells and cell free fetal nucleic acids in maternal blood: New tools to study abnormal placentation</article-title>
<source>Placenta</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wolfgang</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sinuhe</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zhong</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lapaire</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Höslie</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tercanli</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mindy</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic communication between fetus and mother: short- and long-term consequences</article-title>
<source>American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Ginecology</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>196</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bischoff</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hahn</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simpson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lewis</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Intact fetal cells in maternal plasma: are they really there</article-title>
<source>The Lancet</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>361</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smid</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galbiati</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vassallo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gambini</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferrari</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Viora</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">No evidence of fetal DNA persistence in maternal plasma after pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Human Genetics</source>
<year></year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>112</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fisk</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetomaternal Cell Trafficking and the Stem Cell Debate: Gender Matters</article-title>
<source>Journal of the American Medical Association</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>297</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">HLA relationships of pregnancy, michochimerism and autoimmune disease</article-title>
<source>Journal of Reproductive Immunology</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>52</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sunami</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Komuro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yuminamochi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hoshi</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hirata</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal cell microchimerism develops through the migration of fetus-derived cells to the maternal organs early after implantation</article-title>
<source>Journal of Reproductive Immunology</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fugazzola</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cirello</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beck</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal cell microchimerism in human cancers</article-title>
<source>Cancer letters</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>287</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gadi</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Fetal micochimerism and cancer</article-title>
<source>Cancer Letters</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>276</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Embriología del desarrollo de los bronquios y el parénquima pulmonar</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Acuña Navas</surname>
<given-names>María José</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arce Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>Enrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Baquero Barcenas</surname>
<given-names>Ana María</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bonilla Mora</surname>
<given-names>William</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coto Chinchilla</surname>
<given-names>Karla</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Guerrero Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>Laura</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez Porras</surname>
<given-names>Massiel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jiménez Delgado</surname>
<given-names>Jefry</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leitón Villagra</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Madrigal Rojas</surname>
<given-names>José Pablo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monge Carvajal</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Morales González</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Núñez Delgado</surname>
<given-names>Natalia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Penón Portmann</surname>
<given-names>Mónica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quirós Castro</surname>
<given-names>Ana Gabriel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rivera Calderón</surname>
<given-names>Carolina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vargas Sanabria</surname>
<given-names>Maikel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Departamento de Anatomía </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Departamento de Anatomía </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Las malformaciones congénitas del aparato respiratorio son un extenso número de patologías que oscilan en gravedad dependiendo del momento embriológico en que se dio el fallo y cuales mecanismos fueron afectados. En la revisión se profundiza en patologías congénitas como el secuestro broncopulmonar y la malformación adenomatoide quística.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Respiratory System Congenital malformations include a large number of disorders; their severity depends on the age of the egg and the systems which were involved. In this article, we review some congenital malformations such as bronchopulmonary sequestration and cystic adenomatoid malformation.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Desarrollo pulmonar</kwd>
<kwd>Desarrollo traqueobronquial</kwd>
<kwd>Embriología pulmonar</kwd>
<kwd>Esbozo pulmonar</kwd>
<kwd>Malformaciones congénitas</kwd>
<kwd>secuestro broncopulmonar</kwd>
<kwd>Malformación adenomatoide quística</kwd>
<kwd>Enfisema Lobar Infantil</kwd>
<kwd>Lung development</kwd>
<kwd>Tracheobronchial development</kwd>
<kwd>Pulmonary embryology</kwd>
<kwd>Tracheobronchial diverticulum</kwd>
<kwd>Pulmonary diverticulum</kwd>
<kwd>Congenital malformations</kwd>
<kwd>Bronchopulmonary sequestration</kwd>
<kwd>Cystic adenomatoid malformation</kwd>
<kwd>Child Lobar Emphysema</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Histología. Texto y Atlas Color con Biología Celular y Molecular</article-title>
<source>Histología. Texto y Atlas Color con Biología Celular y Molecular</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Médica Panamericana</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boron</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Boulpaep</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Medical Physiology</article-title>
<source>Medical Physiology</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc>Pennsylvania </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Updated Ed</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Latarjet</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anatomía Humana</article-title>
<source>Anatomía Humana</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc>Buenos Aires </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Médica Panamericana. P</publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Langman</surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Embriología médica con orientación clínica</article-title>
<source>Embriología médica con orientación clínica</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>10</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Embriología clínica: Desarrollo del sistema respiratorio</article-title>
<source>Embriología clínica: Desarrollo del sistema respiratorio</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<edition>7</edition>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Manual de embriología y anatomía general</article-title>
<source>Manual de embriología y anatomía general</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Have</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Lung development in the mouse embryo</article-title>
<source>Exp Lung Res</source>
<year>1991</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>17</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Minoo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drum</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bringas</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kimura</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Defects in tracheoesophageal and lung morphogenesis in Nkx2.1(-/-) mouse embryos</article-title>
<source>Dev Biol</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>209</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Serls</surname>
<given-names>A. E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Doherty</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parvatiyar</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>J. M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Deutsch GH: Different thresholds of fibroblast growth factors pattern the ventral foregut into liver and lung</article-title>
<source>Development</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>132</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krude</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schutz</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Biebermann</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and pulmonary alterations due to human NKX2-1 haploinsufficiency</article-title>
<source>J Clin Invest</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>109</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shannon</surname>
<given-names>J. M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hyatt</surname>
<given-names>B. A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Epithelialmesenchymal interactions in the developing lung</article-title>
<source>Annu Rev Physiol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>66</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sutherland</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Samakovlis</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krasnow</surname>
<given-names>M. A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Branchless encodes a Drosophila FGF homolog that controls tracheal cell migration and the pattern of branching</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>87</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weaver</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dunn</surname>
<given-names>N. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hogan</surname>
<given-names>B. L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bmp4 and Fgf10 play opposing roles during lung bud morphogenesis</article-title>
<source>Development</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>127</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Desai</surname>
<given-names>T. J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Distinct roles for retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta in early lung morphogenesis</article-title>
<source>Dev Biol</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>291</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hogan</surname>
<given-names>B. L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Morphogenesis</article-title>
<source>Cell</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>96</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nogawa</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ito</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Branching morphogenesis of embryonic mouse lung epithelium in mesenchyme-free culture</article-title>
<source>Development</source>
<year>1995</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>121</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bellusci</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Furuta</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rush</surname>
<given-names>M. G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winnier</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hogan</surname>
<given-names>B. L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis</article-title>
<source>Development</source>
<year>1997</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>124</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rawlins</surname>
<given-names>E. L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hogan</surname>
<given-names>B. L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Epithelial stem cells of the lung: privileged few or opportunities for many</article-title>
<source>Development</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>133</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shannon</surname>
<given-names>J. M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nielsen</surname>
<given-names>L. D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gebb</surname>
<given-names>S. A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Randell</surname>
<given-names>S. H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Mesenchyme specifies epithelial differentiation in reciprocal recombinants of embryonic lung and trachea</article-title>
<source>Dev Dyn</source>
<year>1998</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>212</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aldunate</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Malformaciones pulmonares congénitas</article-title>
<source>Rev Chil Pediatr</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>72</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Laberge</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Asymptomatic congenital lung malformations</article-title>
<source>Seminars in Pediatric Surgery</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shanmugam</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Adult Congenital Lung Malformations</article-title>
<source>European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wrigth</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Congenital Malformations of the Lung</article-title>
<source>Current Diagnostic Pathology</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mendeloff</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Sequestrations, Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformations, and Congenital Lobar Emphysema</article-title>
<source>Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>16</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Volpe</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Archivachotikul</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bahn</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Association of bronchopulmonary Sequestration with expression of the homeobox protein Hox-%</article-title>
<source>J Piediatr Surg</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>35</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bratu</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fleageole</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>M. F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The multiple facets of pulmonary sequestration</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr Surg</source>
<year>2001</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>36</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Imai</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mark</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cystic adenomatoid Change is Common to Various forms of Cystic Lung Disease in Children</article-title>
<source>Arch Pathol Lab Med</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>126</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Macdonald</surname>
<given-names>M. R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vito</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cutz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crysdale</surname>
<given-names>W. S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung Referred as &quot;Airway Foreing Body&quot;</article-title>
<source>Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>122</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rossel</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Salinas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kakarieka</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Espinosa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Malformación adenomatoidea quística pulmonar del recién nacido</article-title>
<source>Rev Chil Pediatr</source>
<year>1996</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>67</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mondragón</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Malformación adenomatoidea quística pulmonar: Informe de un caso de presentación tardía</article-title>
<source>Acta Pediatr Mex</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>25</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>J. R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Malformación adenomatoidea quística congénita del pulmón</article-title>
<source>Rev Arch Med Camagüey</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stocker</surname>
<given-names>J. T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Madewe</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drake</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Clasification and morphologic spectrum</article-title>
<source>Hum Pathol</source>
<year>1977</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Xue-lian</surname>
<given-names>LI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Antenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of 12 Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung</article-title>
<source>Antenatal Diagnosis and Outcome of 12 Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month>, </month>
<day>De</day>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gonzaga</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Cystic adenomatoid malformations are induced by localized FGF10 overexpression in fetal rat lung</article-title>
<source>Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reynoso</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Malformación adenomatoide quística en un recién nacido: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura</article-title>
<source>Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Caso Anatomopatológico influenza AH1N1 en una paciente embarazada: características clínicas y patológicas</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quirós Alpízar</surname>
<given-names>José Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alpízar Miranda</surname>
<given-names>Kattia E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Departamento de Anatomía </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Departamento de Anatomía Unidad de Prevención y control de ITS y VIH</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>82</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se decriben los hallazgos clínicos y patológicos de la infección por influenza A (H1 N1), basados en un caso de autopsia. La paciente, una mujer de 25 años embarazada de gemelos, con 33 semanas de gestación y síntomas similares a influenza, quien fue admitida en el hospital y murió 13 días después. En la autopsia, el principal hallazgo fue daño alveolar difuso en fase proliferativa.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We describe the pathologic and clinical changes over a case of Influenza A (H1N1) infection based in autopsy findings. The patient was a 25 year-old female pregnant of 33 weeks gestation twins, who had flu-like symptoms. She was hospitalized, but died 13 days after admitting. Autopsy findings included a diffuse alveolar damage in a proliferative phase.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Influenza AH1N1</kwd>
<kwd>embarazo</kwd>
<kwd>síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo</kwd>
<kwd>daño alveolar difuso</kwd>
<kwd>daño pulmonar inducido por el ventilador</kwd>
<kwd>pandemia</kwd>
<kwd>Influenza A H1N1</kwd>
<kwd>pregnancy</kwd>
<kwd>acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>ventilator-induced lung injury</kwd>
<kwd>pandemic</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zimmer</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Burke</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Historical Perspective-Emergence of Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses</article-title>
<source>The New England Journal of Medicine</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>361</volume><volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Wit</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fouchier</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Emerging influenza</article-title>
<source>J. Clin Virol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>41</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taubenberger</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morens</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Pathology of Influenza Virus Infections</article-title>
<source>Annu Rev Pathol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>3</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gupta</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>George</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nguyen-Van-Tam</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Bacterial Pneumonia and Pandemic Influenza Planning</article-title>
<source>Emerging Infectious Diseases</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Louie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Winter</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jean</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gavali</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schechter</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Factors Associated With Death or Hospitalization Due to Pandemic 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Infection in California</article-title>
<source>JAMA</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>302</volume>
<issue>17</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chowell</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bertozzi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Colchero</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>López</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alpuche</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Severe Respiratory Disease Concurrent with the Circulation of H1N1 Influenza</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>361</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans</article-title>
<source>N Engl J Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>360</volume>
<issue>25</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carlson</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Thung</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Norwitz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">H1N1 Influenza in Pregnancy: What All Obstetric Care Providers Ought to Know</article-title>
<source>Reviews in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Satpathy</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lindsay</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kawwass</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Novel H1N1 Virus Infection and Pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Postgraduate Medicine</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>121</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Louie</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jamieson</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Honein</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Severe 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in California</article-title>
<source>The New England Journal o f Medicine</source>
<year>2010</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>362</volume><volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mullooly</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barker</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nolan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Risk of Acute Respiratory Disease among Pregnant Women During Influenza A Epidemics</article-title>
<source>Public Health Reports</source>
<year>1986</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>101</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mercer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Quantifying the risk of pandemic influenza in pregnancy and Indigenous people in Australia in 2009</article-title>
<source>Euro Surveill</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>50</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tanaka</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nakajima</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Murashima</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Koren</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ito</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women</article-title>
<source>CMAJ</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>181</volume><volume>1-2</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Piantadosi</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schwartz</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</article-title>
<source>Annals of Internal Medicine</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month>, </month>
<day>Se</day>
<volume>141</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ware</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matthay</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</article-title>
<source>The New England Journal of Medicine</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month>, </month>
<day>Ma</day>
<volume>342</volume>
<issue>18</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gong</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Implications for Future Prevention and Treatment</article-title>
<source>Clin Chest Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month>, </month>
<day>Ju</day>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Manteiga</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frutos</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Epidemiología del daño pulmonar agudo y syndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo</article-title>
<source>Med Intensiva</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tsushima</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Aggarwal</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De Gorordo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>D’Alessio</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kubo</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Acute Lung Injury Review</article-title>
<source>Inter Med</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>48</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pérez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>De la Rosa</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ponce</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quiñones</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bautista</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure from Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico</article-title>
<source>The New England Journal o f Medicine</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month>, </month>
<day>Ag</day>
<volume>361</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>De Haro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ferrer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Valle</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Neumonía y síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo producido por el virus influenza A (H1N1)</article-title>
<source>Med Intensiva</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shi-ping</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chi-huei</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS): the mechanism, present strategies and future perspectives of therapies</article-title>
<source>J Zhejiang Univ Sci B</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Matthay</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zimmerman</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</article-title>
<source>Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gordo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo: Conclusiones y perspectivas de futuro</article-title>
<source>Med Intensiva</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riñón en herradura asociado a poliquistosis renal</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez Palomo</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de la Paz García</surname>
<given-names>Yéssica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salazar Villanea</surname>
<given-names>Roberto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Medicia Departamento de Anatomía</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Este trabajo describe la variante anatómica en un caso incidental de disección en la Escuela de medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, el cual presenta un riñón en herradura con variante arteriovenosa que consta de cinco arterias renales y cuatro venas renales asociado poliquistosis renal.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>This work describes the anatomic variation from an incidental case of dissection found at Universidad de Ciencias Medicas, which presents horseshoe kidney with a right arteriovenous variant which consists of five renal arteries and four renal veins, related to Polycystic kidney.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Riñón en herradura</kwd>
<kwd>poliquistosis renal</kwd>
<kwd>Polyystic kidney</kwd>
<kwd>horseshoe kidneys</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stawicki</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lombardo</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic kidney disease</article-title>
<source>Scientist</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taç</surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bulucu</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mas</surname>
<given-names>MR</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Verim</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic kidney disease with highly elevated &amp;#947;-glutamyl transpeptidase</article-title>
<source>Eur J Gen Med</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease</article-title>
<source>Nephrology</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>12</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Simons</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic kidney disease: Cell division without a c(l)ue</article-title>
<source>Kidney International</source>
<year>2006</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>70</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferrero</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Calatrava</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>García</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gassó</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Enfermedad poliquística del adulto en riñón en herradura</article-title>
<source>Actas Urol Esp</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riñón en Herradura Asociado a Variantes Anatómicas</article-title>
<source>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiser</surname>
<given-names>AZ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Determining the Incidence of Horseshoe Kidney from Radiographic Data at a Single Institution</article-title>
<source>The Journal of Urology</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>170</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferrero</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Enfermedad Poliquística del Adulto en Riñón en Herradura</article-title>
<source>Actas Urol Esp</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kao</surname>
<given-names>PF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The 99mTC-DMSA Renal Scan and 99mTC-DTPA Diuretic Renogram in Children and Adolescents with Incidental Diagnosis of Horseshoe Kidney</article-title>
<source>Nuclear Medicine Communications</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>24</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tijerina de la Garza</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomical Study of the Horseshoe Kidney Int</article-title>
<source>J. Morphol</source>
<year>2009</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martinez-Mier</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rayhill</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El Trasplante Cadavérico de Riñón en Herradura: Reporte de Dos Casos</article-title>
<source>Cir Ciruj</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>73</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Romero</surname>
<given-names>FJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anomalías Renales de Número, Posición, Forma y Orientación: nuestra experiencia</article-title>
<source>Vox Paediatrica</source>
<year>2003</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>HH</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>León</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Patología Infantil en el Paciente Adulto</article-title>
<source>Rev Colomb Radiol</source>
<year>2008</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>19</volume><volume>4</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lozano</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riñón en Herradura, Presentación de un Caso y Revisión</article-title>
<source>Rev Med Hond</source>
<year>2000</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>68</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yohannes</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>AD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The Endourological Management of Complications Associated with Horseshoe Kidney</article-title>
<source>The Journal of Urology</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>168</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hahm</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ritz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Renal Ultrasonography Lesson: Horseshoe Kidney</article-title>
<source>Nephrol Dial Transplant</source>
<year>1999</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>14</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Garza</surname>
<given-names>ME</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Riñón en Herradura con Doble Sistema Colector Completo Derecho, Reporte de un caso</article-title>
<source>Rev Mex Urol</source>
<year>2004</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>64</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cascio</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Children with Horseshoe Kidney: treatment and outcome</article-title>
<source>The Journal of Urology</source>
<year>2002</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>167</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Shahreyar</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic horseshoe kidney</article-title>
<source>Indian J Nephrol</source>
<year>2005</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>15</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Batista</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Polycystic horseshoe kidney</article-title>
<source>Nephrol Dial Transplant</source>
<year>2007</year>
<month></month>
<day></day>
<volume>22</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-001520100001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Medicina Legal de Costa Rica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Med. leg. Costa Rica</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0015</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00152010000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Normativa: Ley contra la delincuencia organizada</article-title>
</title-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution>,  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>03</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>91</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00152010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Alcance 29</article-title>
<source>Alcance 29</source>
<year>vier</year>
<month>ne</month>
<day>s </day>
<volume>143</volume>
<publisher-loc> </publisher-loc>
<publisher-name></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
</articles>
