S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100001 Avances en el uso de lípidos en nutrición parenteral y enterar Muñoz Cesar ,CCSS Hospital Nacional de Niños San José Costa Rica 2001 2001 15 6 11 Helms R Overview of parenteral lipid use in Pediatrics Lipid Metabolism in Pediatrics: update 1991 P.G. Course Nr 9 Lipid Metabolism in Pediatrics: update 1991 P.G. Course Nr 9 Clinical Congress 1991 San Francisco Hamosh M Lipid Metabolism in Pediatric Nutrition Pediatr Clin North Am 1995 42 Uauy R Whad kind of fat do children need? Lipid Metabolism in Infants and Children Lipid Metabolism in Infants and Children 1997 21st San Francisco A.S.P.E.N Giovanni M Riva E Agostoni C Fatty acids in pediatric nutrition Pediatr Clin North Am 1995 42 Gosttchlich M Selection of Optimal Lipid Sources in Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Nutr Clin Pract 1992 7 Jensen GL Structured Triglycerides Structured Triglycerides 1992 18th San Antonio^eTX A.S.P.E.N Hyltlander A Sandstrom R Lundholm K Metabolic Effects of Structure Triglycerides in Humans Nutr Clin Pract 1995 10 Hamosh M Digestion and Clearance of Lipids with Snecial Emphasis on the Tiny Baby P.G Digestion and Clearance of Lipids with Snecial Emphasis on the Tiny Baby P.G Clinical Congress 1991 San Francisco Novak M Monks EF Chan D Carnitine in the Perinatal Metabolism of Lipids: I) Relationship between maternal and fetal plasma levels of carnitine and acylcarnitine Pediatrics 1981 67 Schmidt - Sommerfeld E Penn D Wolf H Carnitine blood concentrations and fat utilization in parenterally alimented newborn infants J Pediatr 1983 100 Helms R Mauer EC Hay WW Effect of lntravenous L - carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates JPEN 1990 14/5 Christensen M Heims R Mauer E Plasma carnitine concentracions and lipid metabolism in infants receiving parenteral nutrition J. Pediatr 1989 115 Bonner C DeBrie K Hug G Effect of parenteral L-carnitine supplementation on fat metabolism and nutrition in premature neontaes J. Pediatr 1995 126 Lunderga F The role of carnitine in fat metabolism The role of carnitine in fat metabolism 1997 21st San Francisco A.S.P.E.N Andrew G Chan G Lipid metabolismin the neonate J Pediatr 1976 88 Commitee on Nutrition: Use of intravenous fat emulsions in pediatric patients Pediatrics 1981 66 Usmani S Harper R Usmani S Effect of a lipid emulsion (Intralipid) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions in the neonate J Pediatr 1988 113 Dahistrom K Goulet O Roberts R Ricour C Ament M Lipid tolerance in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition: A biochemical and inmmunologic study J Pediatr 1988 113 Lloyid T Boucek M Effect of lntralipid o the neonatal pulmonary bed: and echographic study J. Pediatr 1986 108 Hammerman C Aramburo MJ Decreased lipid intake reduces morbidity in sick premature neonates J.Pediatr 1988 113 Sper ML Stahi GE Hamosh M Effect of heparin dose and infusion rate on lipid clearance and bilirrubin in premature infants receiving intravenous fat emulsions J Pediatr 1988 112 Haumont D Deckeibaum R Richelle M Carpentier Y Plasma lipid and plasma lipoprotein concentrations in low birth weight infants given parenteral nutrition with twenty o ten percent lipid emulsion J Pediatr 1989 115 Adamkin D Use of intravenous fat emulsions: Perinatology - Neonatology Use of intravenous fat emulsions: Perinatology - Neonatology May - Ju 1 Freeman J Goldman D Smith NE Association of lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensiva care units N Engl J Med 1990 323 Lenssen P Brummer B Bowden R lntravenous lipid dose and incidence of bacteremia and fungemia in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation Am J Clin Nutr 1998 67 Klein S Miles JM Metabolic effects of Long-chain and Medium-chain Triglyceride emulsions in Humans JPEN 1994 18 Bristrian B Lipids Lipids 1992 16 th A.S.P.E.N Mascioli EA Medium - Chain Trigiycerides Medium - Chain Trigiycerides 1994 18th San Antonio A.S.P.E.N Grimm H Tibbel A Norlind B Immunoregulation by Parenteral Lipids: lmpact of the n-3 to n-6 Fatty Acid Radio JPEN 1994 18 Stouthard J Endert E Romlin J Infusion of Long Chain or Medium - Chain Triglycerides lnhibits Peripheral Glucose Metabolism in Men JPEN 1994 18 Heird WC Jensen CL Gómez MR Practical aspects of achieving positive energy balance in low birth weight infants J Pediatr 1992 120 ^sl Borum P Lipid and the Preterm lnfant: Utilization of Fatty Acids Delivered to the Blood Lipid and the Preterm lnfant: Utilization of Fatty Acids Delivered to the Blood 1994 18th San Antonio A.S.P.E.N Makrides M Neumann M Simmer K Are longchain fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy? Lancet 1995 345 Lyons R Jeppson R Bartolow L IV Lipids: An Alternative Delivery System for Vitamins and Beyond IV Lipids: An Alternative Delivery System for Vitamins and Beyond 1994 18th San Antonio A.S.P.E.N
S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100002 Leucemia promielocitica aguda: del origen a la remisión Valverde Muñoz Kathia ,Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada 2001 2001 15 12 15 Di Bona E Avvisati G Castaman G Early haemorrhagic morbidity and mortality during remission induction with or without all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia Br J Haematol 2000 108 Taliman M,S Andersen J.W Schiffer C.A All-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia N Engl J Med 1997 337 Randolph T.R Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3) Clin Lab Sci 2000 13 Barbui T Finazzi G Falanga A Henderson E,S Lister T.A Greaves M,F The management of bleeding and thrombosis in leukemia Leukemia Leukemia 1996 Philadelphia W.B. Saunders Company Schroeter T Lanvers C Herding H Suttorp M Pseudotumor cerebri induces by all-transretinoic acid in a child treated for acute promyelocytic leukemia Med Ped Cinc 2000 34 Krause J,R Morphology and classification of acute myeloid leukemias Clin Lab Med 2000 120 Warrell R.P The H Wang Z.Y Degos L Acute promyelocytic leukemia N Eng J Med 1993 329 Downing J.R Pui C.H Acute promyelocytic leukemia Childhood leukemias Childhood leukemias 1999 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Lanzkowsky P Lanzkowsky P Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2000 California Academic Press Siack J.L Rusiniak M.E Current issues in the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia Ann Hematol 2000 179 Rodeghiero F Avvisati G Castaman G Barbui T Mandelli F Early deaths and antihemarrhagic treatments in acute promyelocytic leukemia. A GIMENA retrospectiva study in 268 consecutiva patients Blood 1990 75 Mattei MG Petkovich M Mattei JF Mapping of the human retinoic acid receptor to the q21 band of chromosome 17 Hum Genet 1988 180 Zhu J Guo W.M Yao Y.Y Tissue factors on acute promyelocytic leukemia and endothelial cells are differently regulated by retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide and chemotherapeutic agents Leukemia 1999 113 Ribeiro R.C Pui C.H Pui C.H Acute Complications Childhood leukemias Childhood leukemias 1999 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Tallman M.S Kwaan H Reassessing the hemostatic disorder associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia Blood 1992 179 Annexin II and bleeding in acute promyelocytic leukemia N Eng J Med 1999 340 Lengfelder E Reichert A Haase D Double induction strategy including high dose cytarabine in combination with all-trans-retinoic acid: effects in patients with newly diagnosed acuate promyelocytic leukemia Leukemia 2000 1 14 Taliman M.S Andersen J.W Schiffer C.A Clinical description of 44 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia who developed the retinoic acid syndrome Blood 2000 95 Hoyie C.F Swirsky D.M Freedman L Hayhoe F. G. J Beneficial effect of heparin in the management of patients with APL Br J Haematol 1998 68 Avvisa G Bülier H.R Ten Cate J.W Mandelli F Tranexamic acid for control of haemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia Lancet 1989 Warrell R.P Arsenicais and inhibitors of histone deactylase as anticancer therapy Haematologica 1999 184 Weil C Minimal residual disease in acute promyelocytic leukemia Clin Lab Med 2000 20
S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100003 Infecciones del líquido cefalorraquídeo en pacientes con derivaciones ventrículo peritoneales Odio Carla M Huertas Eduardo ,CCSS Hospital Nacional de Niños San José Costa Rica 2001 2001 15 16 23 Moss A Hamburger S Moore R Use of selected medical device implants in the United States Use of selected medical device implants in the United States 1990 191 Hyattsville^eMaryland National Center for Health Statistics Gardner P Leipzig TJ Sadigh M lnfections of mechanical cerebrospinal fluid shuts Curr Clin Top lnfect Dis 1988 19 Schoembaum SC Gardner P Shillito Infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts epidemiology, clinical manifestations and therapy J lnfect Dis 1975 131 Walters BC Hoffman HJ Hendrick EB Humphreys RP Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: lnfluences on management and subsequest outcome Neurosurg 1984 60 Chadduck W Adametz J Incidence of seizures in patients with myelomeningocele: a mustifactorial analysis Surg Neurol 1988 30 McLone DG Gzyewski D Raimondi J Sommers RC Central Nervous system infections as a limiting factor in the intelligence of children with myelomeningocele Pediatrics 1982 70 Odio C McCracken GH Nelson JD CSF shunt infections in pediatrics: A seven year experience Am J Dis Child 1984 138 James HE Walsh JW Wiison HD Connor JD Management of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a clinical experience Monogr. Neurol Sci 1984 8 Mates S Glaser J Shapiro K Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections with medical therapy alone Neurosurgery 1982 11 Choux M Genitori L Lang D Lena G Shunt implantation: reducing the incidence of shunt infection J Neurosurgery 1992 77 Erashin Y McLone DG Storrs BB Yoguev R Review of 3,017 procedures for the managemente of hydrocephalus in children Concepts Pediatr Neurosurg 1986 9 Renier D Lacombe J Pierre-kahn A Sainte-Rose C Hirsch JF Factors causing acute shunt infection-computer analysis of 1, 174 operations J Neurosurg 1984 19 84 61 Yogev R Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: a personal view Pediatr lnfect Dis J 1985 19 85 4 Schimke RT Black Ph Marck VH Swartz MN lndolent Staphylococcus albus or aureus bacteremia after ventriculoantriostomy: role of foreign body in its initiation and perpetuation N Engl J Med 1961 19 61 264 James HE Sugsarman B Young E J lnfections associated with cerebrospinal fluid prosthetic devices lnfections associated with Prosthetic Devices lnfections associated with Prosthetic Devices 1984 Boca Raton^eFla CRC Press George R Leibrock L Epstein M Long-term analysis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a 25 years experience J Neurosurg 1979 19 79 51 Bisno AL Sternau L Infections of Central Nervous System Shunts Infections with Indwelling Medical Devices Infections with Indwelling Medical Devices 1994 2ond Edited by Alan L Bisno and Francis A Waldvogel Ammirati M Raimongi AJ Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children Child's Nerv Syst 1987 19 87 3 Caliaghan RP Cohen SJ Stewart GT Septicemia due to colonization of Spitz-Holter valves by staphylococci: five cases treated with methicillin Br Med J 1961 19 61 5229 Diaz-Mitoma F Hardin GK Hoban DJ Roberts RS Low DE Clinical significance of a test for slime production in ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections caused by coagulase-negatvie staphylococci J lnfect Dis 1987 19 87 156 Ignelzi r Kirsch WM Follow-up analysis of ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculoatrial shunts fro hydrocephalus J Neurosurg 1975 19 75 42 Parry SW Schuhmacker JF Liewellyn RC Abdominal pseudocysts and ascitis formation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures: Report of four cases J Neurosurg 1975 19 75 43 Sells CJ Shurtleff DB Loeser JD Gram-negqative cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated infections Pediatrics 1977 19 77 59 Shapiro S Boaz J Kleiman M Kaisbeck J Mealey J Origin of organisms infecting ventricular shunts Neurosurgery 1988 19 88 22 Ronan A Geoffrey G Klug Hogg Klug Geoffrey L Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children Pediatr lnfect Dis J 1995 19 95 14 Sells Cj Shurtleff DB Loesser JD Gramnegative cerebrospinal fluid shunt associated infections Pediatrics 1977 50 Christensen GD Baddour LM Hasty DL Lowrance JH Simpson WA Bisno Al Waldvogel FA Microbial and foreign body factros in the pathogenesis of medical device infentions Infections associated with indweiling medical devices Infections associated with indweiling medical devices 1989 ^eWashington DC American Society for Microbiology Odio CM Donowitz L lnfections associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunt catheters Hospital Acquired lnfection in the Pediatric Patient Hospital Acquired lnfection in the Pediatric Patient 1988 99 Williams and Wiikins Hubschmann OR Countee RW Acute abdomen in children with infected ventriculoperitoneal shunts Arch Surg 1980 115 Hubschmann OR Countee RW Loeser JD Gram-negative cerebrosppinal fluid shunt associated infections Pediatrics 1980 59 Anderson FM Ventriculocardic shunts: ldentification and control of practical problems in 143 cases J Pediatr 1973 19 73 82 Holt RJ Bacteriologic studies on colonized ventriculcatrial shunts Dev. Med Child Neurol 1970 22 ^sl Fokes EC Occult infections of ventriculoatrial shunts J Neurosurg 1970 33 Bruce AM Lorber JH Shedden WIH Zachary RB Persistent bacteremia following ventriculocaval shunt operations for hydrocephaius in infanta Dev Med Child Neurol 1963 5 Naito H Toya S Shizawa H lizaka Y Tsukumo D High incidence of acuto postoperative meningitis and septicemia in patients undergoing craniotomy with ventriculoatrial shunt Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973 137 Rekate H L Yonas H White RJ Nulsen FE The acute abdomen in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts Surg Neurol 1979 11 Sekhar LN Moosy J Guthkelch AN Malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts: Clinical and pathological features J Neurosurg 1979 45 Forwird K--r Fewer HD Stiver HG Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a review of 35 infections in 32 patients J Neurosurg 1983 59 Kaufman B A McLone DG Scheid WM Whitley RJ Durack DT lnfections of cerebrospinal fluid shunt P lnfections of the Central Nervous System lnfections of the Central Nervous System 1991 Nrw York Raven Press Maayhall CG Archer NH Lamb VA Spadora AC Baggett JW Ward JD Narayan RK Ventriculostomy-related infections: A prospective epidemiologic study N Engl J Med 1984 310 Hellbusch LC Penn RG Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections by unencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Childs Nerv Syst 1989 5 Renneis MS Wald ER Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children with cerebrospinal fluid shunts J Pediatr 1980 97 Carraccio CL schwartz ML Biotny KJ Fisher MC Ventricular fluid pleocytosis in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996 19 96 115 Vinchon M Vallee L Prin L Desreumaux P Dhellemmes P Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in shunt infections Neuropediatrics 1992 19 92 123 Kjeidsberg CR Krieg AS Henry JB Cerebrospinal fluid cell counts Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods 1979 Philadelphia Saunders Kontopoulos E Minns RA O'Hare AE Eden OB Sedimentation cytomorphology of the CSF in ventriculitis Dev Med Child Neurol 1986 19 86 28 Mine S Sato A Yamaura A Tamachi S Makino H Tomioka H Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid in a case of shunt infection: case report Neurosurery 1986 19 Pittman T Williams D Rathore M Knutsen AP Mueller KR The role of ethylene oxide allergy in sterile shunt malfunctions Br J Neurosurg 1994 8 Salmon JH Adult hydrocephalus: evaluation of shunt therapy in 80 patients J Neurosurg 1972 19 72 37 Jame HE Walsh JW Wiison HD Connor JD Management of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: aclinical experience Monogr Neural Sci 1982 18 Venes JL Control of shunt infections: report of 150 consecutive cases J Neurosurg 1976 45 Shurtleff DB Foltz EL Weeks RD Loeser J Therapy of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunts Pediatrics 1974 19 74 53 Morrice J Young DG Bacterial colonization of Holter valves: a ten year survey Dev Med Child Neurol 1974 16 ^s32 Walters BC Hoffman CH Hendrick EB Humphreys RP Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: lnfluences on initial management and subsequent outcome J Neurosurg 1984 19 84 60 Younger JJ Christensen GD Bartley DL Simmons JC Barrett F Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid shunts: importance of slime production, species identification, and shunt removal to clinical outcome J lnfect Dis 1987 19 87 156 Nicholas JL Kamal IM Eckestein HB Immediate shunt replacement in the treatment of bacterial colonization of Holtel valves Dev Med Child Neurol 1970 19 70 12 ^s22 Congeni BL Tan J Salstrom SJ Weinstein Li Kinetics of vancomycin after intraventricular and intravenous admnistration Pediatr Res 1979 13 McGee SM Kaplan SL Mason EO Ventricular fluid concentrations of vancomycin in children after intravenous and intraventricular admnistration Pediatr lnfect Dis J 1990 9 Bayston R Hart CA Barnicoat M lntraventricular vancomycin in the treatment of ventriculitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunting and drainage J Neurol 1987 50 Odio CM Salas JL Herrera ML McCracken GH Treatment of CSF shunt infections. (Abstract N° 75) Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1992 Anneheim California Wang EEL Prober CG Hendrick BE Hoffman HJ Humphreys RP Prophylactic sulfamethoxazole and trimethroprim in ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. A doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial JAMA 1984 251 Odio CM Mohs E Skiar F Neison JD McCracken GH Adverse reactions to vancomycin used as prophylaxis for CSF shunt procederes Am J Dis Child 1984 19 84 138 Langley JM LeBlanc JC Drake J Milner R Efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in placement of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: MetaAnalysis Clin lnfect Dis 1993 19 93 17 Bayston R Antibiotic prophylaxis in shunt surgery Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 1975 19 75 35 Haines SJ Taylor F Prophylactic methicillin for shunt operation effects on incidence of shunt malfunction and infection Child's Brain 1982 9 Yogev R Shinco F McLone D Prophylaxis for ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery with nafcillin alone of in combination with rifampin (abstract N° 664) lnterscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherpay 1983 Washington DC Djindjian M Fevrier MJ Otterbein G Soussy JC Oxacillin prophylaxis in cerebrospinal fluid shunting: results of a prospective randomized trial in 60 hydrocephalic patients Surg Neurol 1986 25 Lambert M MacKinnon AE Vaishnav A Comparison of two methods of phrophylaxis against CSF shunt infection Z Kinderchir 1984 39 ^s2 Blomstedt GC Results of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in ventriculostomy and shunting procederes: A Double-blind randomized trial J Neurosurg 1985 19 85 62 Schmidt K Gjerris F Osgaard O Antibiotic prophyiaxis in cerebrospinal fluid shunting: a prospective randomized trial in 152 hydrocephalic patients Neurosurgery 1985 19 85 17 Reider MJ Frewen TC DelMaestro RF Coyle A Lovell S The effect of cephalothin prophylaxis on postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections Can Med Assoc J 1987 19 87 136 Blum J Shwartz M Voth D Antibiotic single-dose prophylaxis of shunt infections Neurosurg Rev 1989 12 Burke JF The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and delmal lesions Surgery 1961 50 Goummerova L Hoffman H Walters B Humphreys R Hendrick B Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in shunt surgery (abstract N° 10) Scientific Program of the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Scientific Program of the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons 1989 Washington DC American Association of Neurological Surgeons
S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100004 Consumo de micronutrientes con función antioxidante en estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 19 años Gómez Georgina Chaves Natalia Sagástume Bárbara Murillo Sandra Fernández Aileen Ulate Guido ,Universidad de Costa Rica Facultad de Medicina San José Costa Rica 2001 2001 15 24 28

Objetivos: Determinar el consumo de alimentos fuentes de micronutrientes con función antioxidante en individuos de 17 a 19 años. Sitio de realización: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica. Materiales y Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 150 estudiantes universitarios de 17 a 19 años de edad, seleccionados al azar, a los cuales se les evaluó la ingesta de micronutrientes con función antioxidante, utilizando el método denominado dieta usual, y se estimaron las cantidades consumidas mediante el catálogo de fotografías de porciones comúnmente utilizadas en Costa Rica. Para procesar la información se utilizó el programa Nutritionist IV. Resultados: Al menos el 75% de los sujetos de la muestra cubren las recomendaciones establecidas para vitamina E, vitamina C, selenio, cobre, cinc y manganeso. únicamente el 25% de la muestra cubre las recomendaciones para beta carotenos. Conclusión: Los resultados de esta investigación revelan un adecuado consumo de casi la totalidad de los micronutrientes con función antioxidante, ya que para la mayoría de las vitaminas y minerales analizados sobrepasa el 100% de la cantidad recomendada para este grupo de edad. Sin embargo, este no es el caso para el consumo de beta carotenos, los cuales presentan un déficit importante en los porcentajes de adecuación. Se recomienda por lo tanto, la creación de programas de educación e intervención nutricional dirigidos a estudiantes universitarios, para fortalecer los hábitos alimentarlos que están permitiendo que actualmente el consumo de micronutrientes con función antioxidante sea el adecuado, y promover además el consumo de aquellos alimentos fuentes de beta carotenos, principalmente vegetales verdes y amarillos que se encuentran deficientes en la dieta de esta población.

 nutrición adolescentes antioxidantes micronutrientes beta carotenos Maxwell SRJ Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies Drugs 1995 49 Halliwell B Antioxidants in human health and disease Annu Rev Nutr 1996 16 Prior WA The antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention - what do we know and what do we need to find out? Am J Clin Nutr 1991 53 Diplock AT Antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention: an overview Am J Clin Nutr 1991 63 Street DA Comstock GW Salkeld R Schuep W Klag M Serum Antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low lwvwis of carotenoids and <IMG SRC="Alfa.GIF" WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=15>-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 1994 90 Gaziano JM Antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1999 111 Kromhout D Fatty acids, antioxidants, and coronary heart disease from an epidemiological perspectiva Lipids 1999 ^sl Todd S Woodward M Tunstall-Peode H Bolton-Smith C Dietary antioxidant vitamins and fiber in the etiology of cardiovascular disease and all-causes mortality: results from the Scottish Heart Study Am J Epidemiol 1999 150 Slattery ML Jacobs DR Dyer A Hilner JE Caan BJ Dietary antioxidants and plasma lipids the CARDIA Study J Am Coll Nutr 1995 14 Childhood Diet and Prevention of coronary heart disease J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994 19 Steinberdg D Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease N Eng J Med 1993 238 Singh VN Gaby SK Premalignant lesion role of antioxidant vitamins and P-carotene in risk reduction and prevention of malignant transformation Am J Clin Nutr 1991 53 Dyke GW Craven JL Hall R Garner RC Effect of vitamin C supplementation on gastric mucosal DNA damage Carcinogénesis 1994 5 Ferguson RL Prospects for cancer prevention Mutat Res l999 16 Meydani M Lipman RD Han SN The effect of long-term dietary supplementation with antioxidants Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998 20 Castro M Evaluación del estado Nutricional de adultos Evaluación del estado Nutricional de adultos 1992 San José Oficina de Publicaciones Universidad de Costa Rica Mahan K Scott-Stump. Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet therapy Scott-Stump. Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet therapy 9 ed Saunders Company Whitney E Cataldo C Rolfes S Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition 4 ed West Publishing Company Montero G Valoración del uso de fotografías para estimar el tamaño de porción de alimentos Valoración del uso de fotografías para estimar el tamaño de porción de alimentos Nutritionist IV: Diet analysis Nutritionist IV: Diet analysis 1994 San Bruno^eCa Torúm B Menchú M Elias L Recomendaciones dietéticas Diarias del INCAP Recomendaciones dietéticas Diarias del INCAP 1994 INCAP-OPS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Chicago^elllinois Linder M Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with clinical applications Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with clinical applications 1991 2 ed Appleton & Lange Semba RD The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in inmune function Nutrition reviews 1998 56 Fernández A Murillo S Gómez G Descripción de los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades de las arterias coronarias en jóvenes de la Universidad de Costa Rica Descripción de los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades de las arterias coronarias en jóvenes de la Universidad de Costa Rica 1999 1° ed San José Editorial Grupo Dinámico Bustamante
S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100005 Análisis del Centro de Diagnóstico del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Saénz Herrera" Jiménez H Carlos Calzada C Alejandro ,CCSS Hospital Nacional de Niños San José Costa Rica 2001 2001 15 29 33

Objetivos: Revisar los datos estadísticos de la consulta del Centro de Diagnóstico de un centro de atención terciaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los casos atendidos en el Centro de Diagnóstico del Hospital Nacional de Niños, entre Febrero de 1999 y Junio del 2000. Se registró: número progresivo de paciente, edad, sexo, procedencia, diagnóstico de referencia, diagnóstico final, origen de la referencia, el lugar a donde se contrarreferían, exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete y frecuencia de consultas por la misma patología. Resultados: Se incluyeron 697 pacientes. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 10.5 meses. 59.7% fueron varones y 40.3% fueron mujeres. La mayoría de los pacientes vino de la provincia de San José. 33% de los pacientes ingresaron por adenopatías, 33% por vómitos del lactante y 10% fiebre de origen desconocido. La mayoría de los pacientes fue referido de clínicas periféricas o de la consulta de urgencias. A la mayoría de los pacientes se les resolvió el problema en la primera cita. Conclusión: La consulta del Centro de diagnóstico de pediatría general logró aclarar el diagnóstico de la mayoría de los casos atendidos sin necesidad de ser valorados por un subespecialista con lo que, se demuestra que muchas de las patologías pueden ser atendidas y manejadas por los servicios de pediatría local.

 diagnóstico patología atención primaria Calzada A estudio epidemiologico de la consulta externa del Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Saénz Herrera" Acta Pediátrica Costarricense 1997 11 Normas para la Atención de pacientes en el Centro de Diagnóstico Normas para la Atención de pacientes en el Centro de Diagnóstico 1999 Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Saénz Herrera" Chavarría MJ Kitzing W Hallazgos en los niños referidos para estudiar por Adenopatías Hallazgos en los niños referidos para estudiar por Adenopatías Informe Estadístico Anual Informe Estadístico Anual 1999 Servicio de Documentos y Estadísticas del Hospital Nacional de Niños Chaves S Montero F León M Análisis de la Consulta Externa del Hospital Nacional de Niños según encuesta de Morbilidad Análisis de la Consulta Externa del Hospital Nacional de Niños según encuesta de Morbilidad 1987 Sección de Investigación de Servicios de Salud, CCSS Mohs E Reestructuración de la atención pediatrica en Costa Rica Reestructuración de la atención pediatrica en Costa Rica 1994 Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera" Centro de Ciencias Médicas de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social MacFaul R Long R Pediatric outpatient utilization in a district general hospital Arch Dis Child 1992 167
S1409-009020010001 Acta Pediátrica Costarricense Acta pediátr. costarric 1409-0090 Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría S1409-00902001000100006 Otitis en el cantón de Aguirre, Puntarenas, Costa Rica Gamboa Ana Yéssika Mora Fernando ,Hospital Max Terán Valls Palmares 2001 2001 15 34 36

Objetivo: Este trabajo describe las otitis en el cantón de Aguirre desde el 8-3-95 al 9-10-97 así como el tratamiento utilizado. Materiales y métodos: Retrospectivo en 1995 y 1996 y prospectivo en 1997. La identificación de los casos fue en base a los registros de bacteriología y los expedientes del Hospital Max Terán Valis. Se usaron formularios prediseñados. Los médicos generales y pediatras de la zona recolectaron muestras de secreciónes del conducto auditivo externo con un isopo, previa limpieza del área con jabón de ciorhexidina. Resultados: Se estudiaron un total de 107 casos, 59% fueron mujeres y 41% varones. 20.5% presentó otitis media aguda, 19.6% otitis crónica y 59.8% otitis externa. Las infecciones predominaron en Julio y Agosto. Las otitis medias fueron más frecuentes de 1 a 3 años (23.4%) y de 6 a 9 años (67.2%), mientras las externas fueron más frecuentes en el grupo preescolar. Se asoció infección de vías respiratorias superiores en un 25.2% de los casos, faringoamigdalitis 24.3% y diarrea en 10.2%. El germen más frecuente en otitis externa fue Pseudomonas sp (50.46%), mientras que Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el organismo bacteriano más frecuente en las otitis medias (14.95%). Los principales antibióticos utilizados son: Trimetropín en un 38.3%, Amoxicilina 23.4% y la combinación Oxacilina-Amikacina (8.4%). Conclusiones: La otitis externa es la más frecuente y la Pseudomonas sp es la bacteria más frecuentemente aislada en nuestro medio. Las otitis medias son usualmente vírales y cuando se asocia una bacteria, usualmente es el S pneumoniae.

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