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<articles>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-009020080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0090</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00902008000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Accidentes de tránsito</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Car accidents</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Villalobos-Parra</surname>
<given-names>Lucrecia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hernández-Gómez</surname>
<given-names>Rodolfo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Dirección General</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-009020080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0090</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00902008000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El síndrome de cansancio profesional</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Burnout syndrome</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gamboa</surname>
<given-names>Ana Yéssika</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>Shirley</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>González</surname>
<given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera Servicio de Oncología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Escalante Pradilla Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-009020080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0090</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00902008000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Epidemiología de niños (as) con derrame pleural atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; durante un periodo de 8 años</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology of pleural effusion in children treated at the National Children’s Hospital &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; during an 8 years period</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cavallo-Aita</surname>
<given-names>Fred</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Víquez-Víquez</surname>
<given-names>Natalia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soto-Martínez</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soto-Quirós</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Sistema de Estudios de Postgrado Postgrado en Pediatría</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Universidad de Melbourne Postgrado en Neumología Pediátrica </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>12</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: El derrame pleural es una patología muy frecuente con pocos estudios a nivel latinoamericano. En nuestro país se desconoce la incidencia real, así como las manifestaciones clínicas, etiología, factores de riesgo y complicaciones del mismo. Se planteó el estudio para conocer la epidemiología del derrame pleural en niños (as) admitidos al Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; durante un periodo de 8 años. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, basado en la información de expedientes clínicos y del Servicio de Estadística, de todos los egresos hospitalarios con el diagnóstico de derrame pleural, empiema o bronconeumonía complicada durante el periodo: enero 1997 a diciembre del 2005. Resultados: De 120 pacientes que fueron analizados, se encontró que la mayoría de ellos provenían de San José (51%), con una tasa de 4,23 por cada 100 000 habitantes. La distribución de pacientes por sexo y grupo de edad fue: 57% mujeres y 43% hombres, grupo: 0 a 1 año 22 pacientes (18,3%), de 1 a 5 años 55 (45,8%), de 5 a 10 años 28 (23,3%) y de más de 10 años 15 niños (12,6%). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la dificultad respiratoria, fiebre y tos (84, 80 y 78% respectivamente). A 89 pacientes (74%) se les realizó punción pleural; de estos, 31 (35%) presentaron cultivos positivos. Los tres gérmenes más frecuentes aislados fueron el S. pneumoniae con un 9,8%, el S. aureus 7,1% y los bacilos gram negativos 3,6%. Al 56% de los pacientes se les realizó drenaje con sonda de tórax y 15 pacientes (14%) requirieron de Cirugía (toracotomía) para resolver finalmente su problema. De estos, el 22% tenía un pH menor a 7,1, 22% tenía una DHL mayor a 1000 UI/l, 38% una glucosa menor a 40mg/dl y el 26,7% tenían un empiema por neumococo. Conclusiones: El derrame pleural sigue siendo una patología muy frecuente en nuestro medio. Se ha visto un cambio muy importante en la epidemiología siendo actualmente el neumococo el agente infeccioso más importante. Se deben establecer normas de manejo adecuadas para evitar complicaciones.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Derrame pleural</kwd>
<kwd>empiema</kwd>
<kwd>bronconeumonía complicada</kwd>
<kwd>líquido pleural</kwd>
<kwd>bacteriología líquido pleural</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiología</kwd>
<kwd>niños</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-009020080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0090</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Pediatría</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-00902008000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estado nutricional de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer en la cohorte de nacimientos del año 2006 en el Hospital San Juan de Dios</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Nutritional status in very low birth weight newborns in the cohort born during year 2006 at &quot;San Juan de Dios&quot; hospital</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Celada-Quezada</surname>
<given-names>Rolando</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital San Juan de Dios Servicio de Neonatología</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso (&amp;#8804;1500 gramos). Estudio descriptivo del estado nutricional de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer en los nacimientos ocurridos durante el año 2006 en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. Métodos: Se describe 1) La proporción de recién nacidos de MBPN que nacen desnutridos 2) La mortalidad en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer que nacen adecuados para la edad de gestación y la mortalidad en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer que nacen desnutridos y se comparan ambas mortalidades.3)La proporción de recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer que egresan desnutridos del servicio de neonatología del Hospital San Juan de Dios. 4) El promedio de estancia de los neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer con peso adecuado y el promedio de estancia en los que nacen desnutridos, se comparan ambos promedios. Resultados: El 35% de los recién nacidos de MBPN nacen desnutridos. De los que nacen desnutridos, el 46.7% fallecen mientras que de los que nacen con un peso adecuado fallecen un 25.5% para un riesgo relativo de 1.83, p=0.04. De los neonatos con muy bajo peso al nacer que egresan vivos, el 58.5% egresan desnutridos. El promedio de estancia de los pacientes que nacieron con un peso adecuado fue de 23.31 días y el promedio de estancia de los desnutridos fue de 43.45 días. Conclusiones: Una tercera parte de los nacidos con MBPN nacen desnutridos, y fallecen en menos proporción que los que tienen un peso adecuado</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To describe the nutritional condition of very low birth weight newborns. Methods: Descriptive study of the nutrional condition of very low birth-weight infants born during 2006 at Hospital San Juan de Dios. The study describes: 1) The proportion of newborns that were very low birth-weight 2) The mortality rate among very low birth-weight infants that were classified as adecuate for gestational age, the mortality rate among very low birth-weight infants that were classified as small for gestational age. The two mortality rates are compared. 3) The proportion of very low birth-weight infants that left the premature guard being undernourished. 4) The mean number of days of stay for those very low birth weight infants classified as adequate for gestational age and those classified as small for gestational age. Results: Thirty five per cent of very low birth-weight infants were born undernourished. Of those very low birth weight infants that were small for gestational age 46.7% died while of those who were adequate for gestational age, 25.5% died, for a relative risk of 1.83 (p=0.04). Of those very low birth weight infants that left the premature guard alive, 58.5% were undernourished. The mean length of stay for those adequate for gestational age was 23.1 days and the mean length of stay for those undernourished was 43.45 days (p=0.029) Conclusions: One third of very low birth-weight newborns were born under nourished and a larger proportion died, when compared with the groups with adequate weight.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Recién nacido</kwd>
<kwd>bajo peso al nacer</kwd>
<kwd>mortalidad</kwd>
<kwd>Newborns</kwd>
<kwd>low birth-weight</kwd>
<kwd>mortality</kwd>
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<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-0090</issn>
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<article-id>S1409-00902008000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Anticuerpos anticardiolipina en niños y niñas costarricenses con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Anti-cardiolipin antibodies in costarican children with systemic lupus erythematosus</article-title>
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<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología Pediátrica</institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<year>2008</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
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<fpage>24</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Establecer la frecuencia y correlación clínica de los anticuerpos anti- Cardiolipina (AAC) en los pacientes atendidos en la Clínica de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico del Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología Pediátrica (CLES-HNN), Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; (HNN). Determinar la frecuencia de positividad para AAC tipo IgG e IgM en los pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) que se encuentran en control en la CLES-HNN. Describir la presencia de complicaciones tromboembólicas y/o hemorrágicas en los pacientes que presentan seropositividad para AAC y compararlas con las observadas en aquellos AAC negativos. Correlacionar la seropositividad para AAC con las diferentes variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con LES. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio restrospectivo, en el cual se revisaron los archivos médicos de pacientes en control en la clínica de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico del Hospital Nacional de Niños (CLES-HNN) entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2006 con el objetivo de identificar la frecuencia de positividad para anticuerpos anticardiolipina (AAC), así como la asociación de esta positividad con la presencia de eventos trombóticos o hemorrágicos que sugieran síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF). Resultados: Se identificó seropositividad para AAC IgG, IgM o ambos hasta en un 49.0% de los casos de LES. En 3 casos (7,3%) se diagnosticó un SAF secundario definitivo (2 mujeres y 1 hombre), y se planteó el diagnóstico posible de SAF en 7 casos (17.0%). No se demostró un efecto estadísticamente significativo, sobre la seropositividad para AAC, de las variables sexo, edad, provincia, cantidad de criterios diagnósticos al momento del diagnóstico de LES o complicaciones evidenciadas a lo largo de la evolución de la enfermedad (todo con un valor de p &gt; 0.05). Conclusiones: El porcentaje de SAF secundario en niños costarricenses con LES no fue diferente estadísticamente del que se describe en la literatura¹ (24.4% contra 20.0% respectivamente con p&gt;0.05). Por el contrario, la prevalencia de seropositividad para AAC en pacientes pediátricos costarricenses con LES (48.8%) y en pacientes descritos con LES en la literatura (87.0%)1-5 sí mostró diferencias significativas (p&lt;0.05). El análisis estadístico permite inferir que los niños y niñas costarricenses con LES tienen casi la mitad de posibilidades de ser AAC positivos, sin que esto modifique la frecuencia de SAF en el grupo.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To establish the frequency and clinical correlations of the anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) in patients attended at the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinic of the Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology Department (Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot;). To determine the frequency of IgG-ACLA and IgMACLA in patients with juvenile SLE followed in the SLE-clinic. To describe the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications observed in the ACLA positive group, and the differences between ACLA positive and negative patients. To correlate the ACLA positivity with different socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric SLE patients. Methods: It is a retrospective study, in which we checked the medical files of patients followed at the SLE-clinic between January of 2000 and January 2006, in order to identify the frequency of positive ACLA, as well as the association of these antibodies with the presence of thrombotic or hemorrhagic events that suggest antiphospholipid syndrome. Results: ACLA positivity was identify in up to 49% of the SLE patients. Definitive secondary antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed in 3 cases (7,3%) (two girls and 1 boy); possible antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed in 7 cases (17%). We were not able to demonstrate a statistically significant effect on ACLA and the variables sex, age, province or quantity of SLE diagnostic criteria in the onset of the disease. There was no significant effect on ACLA and the frequency of thrombotic or hemorrhagic events (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: The percentage of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome in costarrican juvenile SLE patients does not differ from the one described for other series (24.4% vs. 20% with p&gt;0.05). On the other hand, the prevalence of ACLA positive in costarrican juvenile SLE patients is lower than the one described in other series (48.8% vs. 87% with p&lt;0.05). The statistical analysis allows inferring that the children with SLE have the half of possibilities of being ACLA positive, but not affecting the frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome in the group.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>síndrome antifosfolípido</kwd>
<kwd>anticuerpos anti-cardiolipina</kwd>
<kwd>lupus eritematoso sistémico</kwd>
<kwd>niños</kwd>
<kwd>tromboembolismo</kwd>
<kwd>antiphospholipid syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>anticardiolipin antibodies</kwd>
<kwd>systemic lupus erythematosus</kwd>
<kwd>children</kwd>
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<given-names>Alfonso</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia Servicio de Patología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad Internacional de las Américas Facultad de Medicina </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<aff id="A04">
<institution>,Universidad Veritas Cátedra de Fisiología </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: Evaluar y describir la experiencia con la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) en el Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; (HNN) de San José, Costa Rica durante los primeros 21 meses de funcionamiento de dicho servicio. Métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo del material de BAAF obtenido en el HNN desde octubre de 2004 a junio de 2006 (extendidos del material, inmunofenotipo, citogenética, cultivos microbiológicos). En aquellos casos en que se realizó cirugía, se hizo correlación entre material de biopsias convencionales anteriores o posteriores y la BAAF. La evolución de los pacientes se obtuvo por medio del expediente clínico. Resultados: Se realizó un total de 142 diagnósticos en 132 pacientes. La clasificación de dichos diagnósticos fue: benigno 86 (61%), maligno 36 (25%), sospechoso 5 (3.5%), atípico 5 (3.5%); se obtuvo material insuficiente para diagnóstico en 10 (7%) de las BAAF. De los diagnósticos benignos 74 (86%) consistieron en linfadenopatía reactiva-infecciosa. Los diagnósticos malignos fueron variados, siendo el linfoma el más frecuente 14 (39%); con el linfoma de Hodgkin como el mas común 9 (25%), detectándose tanto enfermedad de novo como recurrencias. Se determino el inmunofenotipo por citometría de flujo en 17 (12%) casos y se realizó cariotipo en 2 (1.4%) casos. Conclusiones: La BAAF es un procedimiento seguro, rápido y eficaz en el diagnóstico de múltiples patologías de la población pediátrica atendida en HNN. Los dos escenarios clínicos más frecuentes en que la BAAF cumplió un rol importante fueron el diagnóstico de recurrencia del linfoma de Hodgkin y el tamizaje de linfadenopatías en niños sin historia de malignidad. En algunos casos la BAAF hace innecesaria la realización de una biopsia convencional.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: To evaluate the performance of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) and describe the experience at Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; (HNN) in San José, Costa Rica during the first 21 months since introduction of this procedure. Methods: Retrospective review of all FNAB material collected at HNN from October 2004 to June 2006 (glass slides, flow cytometric analyses, cytogenetics, and cultures). When available, previous or later surgical biopsy material was also reviewed and results were correlated with FNAB. Patient followup was assessed from clinical charts. Results: A total of 142 diagnoses in 132 patients were performed. These were classified as follows: benign 86 (61%), malignant 36 (25%), suspicious 5 (3.5%), atypical 4 (3.5%). Material insufficient for diagnosis was obtained in 10 (7%) cases. Reactive-infectious lymphadenopathy comprised 74 (86%) of benign diagnoses. Most common malignant diagnosis was lymphoma. New cases and recurrences of Hodgkin’s disease were the most common specific malignancy 9 (25%) detected. Flow cytometric analysis was performed in 17 (12%) of the cases and conventional cytogenetics in 2 (1.4%). Conclusions: FNAB demonstrated to be a fast, safe and efficient diagnostic tool at HNN. Diagnosis of recurrence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and screening of lymphadenopathies in children without history of malignancy were the two most common clinical scenarios where FNAB played an important role. FNAB can obviate the need for surgical intervention in some cases.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina</kwd>
<kwd>pediatría</kwd>
<kwd>ganglio linfático</kwd>
<kwd>tiroides</kwd>
<kwd>tejido blando</kwd>
<kwd>linfadenopatía</kwd>
<kwd>linfoma</kwd>
<kwd>carcinoma</kwd>
<kwd>Fine needle aspiration biopsy</kwd>
<kwd>pediatrics</kwd>
<kwd>lymph node</kwd>
<kwd>thyroid</kwd>
<kwd>soft tissue</kwd>
<kwd>lymphadenopathy</kwd>
<kwd>lymphoma</kwd>
<kwd>carcinoma</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<name>
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<given-names>María L</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
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<name>
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<given-names>Rolando</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
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</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica Sistema de Estudios de Postgrado Posgrado en Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Hospital Nacional de Niños  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Ministerio de Salud  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>40</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Presentamos el caso de un niño de 12 meses de edad referido al Hospital Nacional de Niños con diagnóstico presuntivo de exantema súbito, meningitis aséptica y choque incipiente. El paciente se ingresa, tras múltiples consultas a un hospital periférico, al día 14 de fiebre como síntoma más importante. A su ingreso se documentó meningitis aséptica, induración y enrojecimiento en el sitio de aplicación de la vacuna de la BCG, aparte de los criterios clásicos para Síndrome de Kawasaki. El ecocardiograma inicial mostró dilatación coronaria. El Síndrome de Kawasaki debe formar parte del diagnóstico diferencial del infante y niño con enfermedad eruptiva febril, y debe tenerse un alto índice de sospecha clínica de esta entidad.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We describe a 12-month-old infant referred to the Hospital Nacional de Niños with a presumptive diagnosis of exanthema subitum, aseptic meningitis, and early schock. On day 14 of fever as the predominant symptom and after multiple visits to a peripheral hospital, he was admitted to the children’s hospital. At admission, the patient fulfilled Kawasaki syndrome’s diagnostic criteria, besides aseptic meningitis and local changes in the BCG scar. A baseline echocardiogram showed coronary dilation. Kawasaki syndrome should be part of the differential diagnosis of infants and children with febrile eruptive diseases; a high index of suspicion should be maintained.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Enfermedad de Kawasaki</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>dilatación coronaria</kwd>
<kwd>cicatriz de BCG</kwd>
<kwd>meningitis aséptica</kwd>
<kwd>Kawasaki disease</kwd>
<kwd>Costa Rica</kwd>
<kwd>coronary dilation</kwd>
<kwd>BCG scar</kwd>
<kwd>aseptic meningitis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-id>S1409-00902008000100008</article-id>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-009020080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Acta Pediátrica Costarricense</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Acta pediátr. costarric</abbrev-journal-title>
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<article-id>S1409-00902008000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea como presentación inicial de síndrome nefrótico</article-title>
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<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-00902008000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El síndrome nefrótico es una enfermedad crónica relativamente frecuente en niños, siendo la peritonitis bacteriana una de las complicaciones médicas más severas. A continuación presentamos el caso de un niño de 1 año de edad que es llevado al servicio de emergencias del Hospital Nacional de Niños &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot;, debido a síntomas y signos abdominales que indicaban la presencia de abdomen agudo; posteriormente se logra demostrar la presencia de peritonitis bacteriana espontánea asociada a síndrome nefrótico.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Nephrotic syndrome is a relatively common chronic illness in childhood, in which a spectrum of clinical manifestations arises, such as lost of permeability of the glomerular capillary wall. One of the most severe medical complications of this disease is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, being the main cause of death in these patients and it is very rare as an initial presentation of nephrotic syndrome. We present the case of a 1 year-old male who was taken to the National Children’s Hospital &quot;Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera&quot; emergency service. The patient manifested abdominal complaints that made him suspect of having a peritonic abdomen. He was initially diagnosed to have acalculous cholecystitis. Later, it was demonstrated that the patient was suffering from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated to nephrotic syndrome.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>síndrome nefrótico</kwd>
<kwd>peritonitis</kwd>
<kwd>colecistitis acalculosa</kwd>
<kwd>niños</kwd>
<kwd>nephrotic syndrome</kwd>
<kwd>children</kwd>
<kwd>peritonitis</kwd>
<kwd>acalculous cholecystitis</kwd>
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