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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Introducción: La enfermedad arterial coronaria ocupa el primer lugar de las causas de muerte en Costa Rica. Para luchar en forma intensa contra esta enfermedad es indispensable el conocimiento de ésta y de sus factores de riesgo en la población. Material y Métodos: Guiados por dicha necesidad, realizamos esta intervención diagnóstica mediante encuesta, en población muestra de 400 personas, que pretendió calificar el grado de conocimiento general y específico de estos aspectos. Resultados: Se puede calificar después del estudio como insuficiente en extensión, calidad y profundidad, el conocimiento que incide en que nuestra lucha por la prevención de esta enfermedad no sea lo suficientemente efectiva. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de factores de riesgo coronario en la población de Costa Rica es muy bajo, principalmente en la población más instruida.</p></abstract>
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<institution>,Centro de Estudios y Tratamiento de las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares  </institution>
<addr-line>Buenos Aires </addr-line>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia, factores predisponentes y la evolución hospitalaria de la arritmia ventricular compleja en el postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardíaca. Material y métodos: Se analizó las primeras 96 hs. del postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca en 355 pacientes (pts) consecutivos, considerando como arritmia ventricular compleja (AC) a la taquicardia ventricular autolimitada, sostenida y fibrilación ventricular. Se registraron factores predisponentes pre, intra y postoperatorios y la evolución hospitalaria. Resultados: Se efectuó revascularización miocárdica en 273 pts (77%), cirugía valvular en 74 pts (21%)y procedimientos combinados en 8 pts (2%). Presentaron AC 25 pts (7%), detectando Taquicardia Ventricular Autolimitada en 7 pacientes (28%), Taquicardia Ventricular Sostenida en 11 pts (44%) y Fibrilación Ventricular en 7 pts (28%). La Arritmia ventricular compleja resultó más frecuente en pts sometidos a revascularización miocárdica (9,1%vs.0%;p&lt;0,005), asociada al uso de inotrópicos (64%vs.34%, p &lt;0,005)o por isquemia o infarto perioperatorio (48%vs.16%, p &lt;0,0001). El tiempo de bomba fue mayor en pacientes con Arritmia ventricular compleja (142,4 ±45,1 vs.106,3 ±30,1 min.; p &lt;0,0005).Las variables independientes de riesgo fueron: Revascularización miocárdica (OR 7,52), uso de inotrópicos (OR 2,63) e incremento del tiempo de bomba (OR 1,02). Sólo el 0,5%de las Arritmias ventriculares complejas no presentaron factores desencadenantes. La mortalidad del grupo con arritmias fue 52%, y sin ellas 5% (p &lt;0,001). La mortalidad por toda causa en Taquicardia Ventricular Autolimitada fue 14%, 45%en Taquicardia ventricular sostenida y 100% en Fibrilacion ventricular. Conclusiones: La Arritmia ventricular compleja es una complicación de alta mortalidad, relacionada a factores inherentes al procedimiento de revascularización miocárdica.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: Determine the incidence, related factors and in-hospital evolution of the malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the early postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Method:The first 96 hours of the postoperative period of cardiac surgery were analyzed in 355 consecutive patients. Non sustained ventricular tachycardia,sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were considered as malignant arrhythmias. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative predisposing factors were registered, as well as in-hospital evolution. Results: Myocardial revascularization was performed in 273 patients (77%),valvular surgery in 74 patients (21%) and combined procedures in 8 patients (2%). Twenty five patients presented malignant arrhythmias (7%), Non sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected in 7 patients (28%), sustained ventricular tachycardia SVT in 11 patients (44%), Ventricular Fibrillation in 7 patients (28%). Malignant arrhythmias were more frequent in revascularization surgery (9.1%vs.0%;p&lt;0,005), for inotropics use (64%vs.34%; p&lt;0,005)or for ischemia or perioperative infarction (48% vs.16%;p&lt;0.0001).The pump time was longer in patients with malignant arrhythmias (142.4 ±45.1 min.vs.106,3 ±30,1 min.;p&lt;0,0005).The independent risk variables were: myocardial revascularization (Odds Ratio 7.52), use of inotropics (Odds Ratio 2,63)and increased pump time (Odds Ratio 1,02).Only 03.5%of malignant arrhythmias did not present leading factors. Mortality with malignant arrhythmias was 52%,and 5%(p&lt;0,001)without.Mortality for all causes was 14%in non sustained ventricular tachycardia, 45% in sustained ventricular tachycardia and 100% in Ventricular Fibrillation. Recurrence and refractivity to antiarrhythmics were observed in patients with SVT. Malignant arrhythmias is a high mortality complication, related to intraoperative factors in coronary artery surgery.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Enfermedad coronaria</kwd>
<kwd>Revascualrización</kwd>
<kwd>Taquiarritmias</kwd>
<kwd>Coronary disease</kwd>
<kwd>Revascularization</kwd>
<kwd>Tachyarrhythmias</kwd>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se desarrollan los principales conceptos básicos de la física (hemodinámica o hidrodinámica aplicada al movimiento pulsátil de la sangre) que rigen el funcionamiento del aparato circulatorio en condiciones normales y patológicas; esto es de fundamental importancia para comprender muchos de los hallazgos diagnósticos y las implicancias terapéuticas: localización preferencial de las placas arterioscleróticas, efectos de la autorregulación a nivel de los diferentes lechos arteriales (cerebral, miembros inferiores, etc.), definición e importancia clínica del &quot;shear stress &quot;,etc. Es necesario destacar, como se dijo al principio, que estos principios fueron descriptos siglos atrás en condiciones de laboratorio muy diferentes a las que ocurren en el hombre, con su circulación de bombeo pulsátil, paredes elásticas, ramificaciones y reducción progresiva del diámetro arterial, por lo que la aplicación y estudio de los mismos está en permanente cambio. Sin embargo, constituyen la base ineludible a partir de la cual se debe iniciar cualquier nuevo intento investigativo. Finalmente, también se debe reconocer la naturaleza compleja de esta materia; se intentó explicar en términos sencillos lo que muchas veces no lo es, sobre todo para quien no está familiarizado con el lenguaje de la física, así como abundar con ejemplos que sirvan a ese propósito; es el mayor deseo del autor haberlo conseguido.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Basic concepts that explain the pumping motion of blood within the peripheral circulatory system, both in normal and pathologic conditions, are briefly explained in this article. This knowledge is essential to understand diagnostic findings and aim therapeutic decisions: preferential location of atherosclerotic plaques, effect of vessel auto regulation at different arterial beds (cerebral, lower limbs), clinical relevance of shear stress, etc. It should be remembered that these principles and theories were described some centuries ago,in environmental Laboratory conditions, that are very different from those found in the human body, dictated by the pumping action of the heart, and the special characteristics of the arteries: elastic walls, branching and progressive tapering throughout the periphery; this determines a field of permanent evolution and research. It must be emphasized, at the same time, their importance as a basic background and the complex nature of these physic laws; plenty of clinical examples are shown in an attempt to overcome these difficulties and make them more comprehensible.</p></abstract>
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<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>05</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>6</volume>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
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<front>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
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<article-id>S1409-41422004000200008</article-id>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Sanatorio Güemes  </institution>
<addr-line>Buenos Aires </addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
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<month>05</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Paciente de 75 años ingreso a unidad coronaria por fibrilación auricular paroxística complicada con ausencia de pulso radial y braquial izquierdo. Se realiza angiografía arterial de miembro superior y se observa oclusión arterial trombótica axilo-humeral. Se intento en forma no exitosa embolectomia,debido a que la imagen trombótica se encuentra distal al nacimiento de la arteria vertebral se realiza angioplastia y tromboaspiración. Post tratamiento inmediato se observa restitución del flujo radial, con recolección de trombos.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>A 75 years old female patient, who arrived to intensive care with diagnostic of paroxistical atrial fibrillation complicated with loose of radial and humeral pulse. We carried out an angiography of upper left arm and found out axilar thrombotic occlusion. Without success we perform an embolectomy. Due to the image of the thrombus is distal to the growth of the vertebral artery, we execute an angioplasty and tromboaspiration with success. After treatment the patient recovered distal pulse.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>trombosis</kwd>
<kwd>tromboaspiración</kwd>
<kwd>oclusión axilar</kwd>
<kwd>fibrilación auricular</kwd>
<kwd>thrombosis</kwd>
<kwd>thromboaspiration</kwd>
<kwd>axilar occlusion</kwd>
<kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd>
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</article-meta>
</front>
</article>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
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</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422004000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Utilidad de la ecocardiografía en el cierre percutáneo de la comunicación interatrial</article-title>
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<name>
<surname>Lanzoni Rodríguez</surname>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Centro Cardiológico Integral  </institution>
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<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Hospital CIMA San José  </institution>
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<aff id="A03">
<institution>,Hospital Clínica Bíblica  </institution>
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<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<month>05</month>
<year>2004</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2004</year>
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<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220040002</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
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<article-id>S1409-41422004000200010</article-id>
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