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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220060001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422006000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Stents o recubiertos en el tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo: Resultados inmediatos y a 6 meses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monge Ortega</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arauz Chavarría</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital Clínica Bíblica  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Hospital San Juan de Dios  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar los resultados clínicos y angiográficos inmediatos en los pacientes con angina inestable sometidos a Angioplastía coronaria (AC) con o sin implantación de Stents (SS no recubiertos en un centro hospitalario nacional y la influencia de la Diabetes Mellitus (DDM) en este grupo, así como su evolución clínica a los 6 meses de seguimiento. Material y método: Es un estudio experimental, transeccional, descriptivo. Fueron elegidos pacientes consecutivos desde octubre del 2001 a enero de 2002. Se incluyeron las características demográficas, la indicación del procedimiento, el tipo de intervención, sus resultados y complicaciones. Los pacientes fueron contactados telefónicamente 6 meses después de la intervención coronaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 42 pacientes (33 hombres y 10 mujeres),13 diabéticos. Se trataron 60 vasos: en 47(78.33%) se realizó AC + ST y en 11 (18.33%) solo AC. De estos hubo 56 intervenciones exitosas y 2 no exitosas (una de ellas 1 caso fatal). Otras 2 intervenciones (3.33%) no se pudieron completar, lo que da un éxito del 93,33% (56 de 60 vasos). El promedio de stents/vaso fue 1,15, el de estancia hospitalaria fue 6,14 días y el de estancia posterior a la intervención fue 2.71 días. Fueron seguidos 38 de los 42 pacientes: 26 (68,42%) no presentaron eventos cardíacos a los 6 meses (9 diabéticos); los restantes 12 (31,58% 4 diabéticos) presentaron angina estable 8, angina inestable 2, infarto de miocardio no fatal 1. Cinco pacientes requirieron un nuevo procedimiento de revascularización: 2 AC+ST, 1 AC sin ST y 2 revascularización quirúrgica. Hubo 2 muertes de causa cardíaca: infarto de miocardio fatal y choque cardiogénico. La tasa de complicaciones de pacientes no diabéticos fue 30 % (8 de 26) y la de los diabéticos 33% (44 de 13). Conclusiones: La angioplastía coronaria en nuestro centro tiene buenos resultados, baja tasa de complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria. La Diabetes Mellitus no representó un factor pronóstico adverso en esta serie.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: The main goal of this study was to determine the inmediate clinical and angiographic results in patients suffering from unstable angina submitted to coronary angioplasty with/without implantation of bare stents in a tertiary hospital, to see the influence of diabetes mellitus on this group, as well as their clinical evolution after a 6 month follow up. Material and methods: this is a transeccional descriptive study with consecutive patients chosen between october 2001 and january 2002. Demographic characteristics, procedure indications, type of intervention, results and complications were included. The patients were contacted over the phone 6 months after the coronary intervention. Results: 42 patients were included (33 males/10 females), 13 of them were diabetics. Sixty vessels were treated, in 47 vessels (77 coronary angioplasty plus stent insertion was used, and in 11 (18.33%) angioplasty alone. Fifty six vessels were successfully treated, 2 were not (1 of these patients died) and other 2 could not be completed, for an altogether success rate of 93.33 (56 out of 60 vessels). The average stent/vessel rate was 1.15, hospital stay averaged 6.14 days, and the in-hospital post procedure stay was 2.7 days. Thirty eight of 42 patients were available for a 6 month follow up, 26 (68.42%) had no cardiac events, 6 of which were diabetics . Of the remaining 12 (31,58%), of which 4 were diabetics, 8 had stable angina, 2 had unstable angina, and 1 had a non fatal myocardial infarction. Five patients required a new revascularization procedure, 2 coronary angioplasty plus stenting, 1 angioplasty alone, and 2 coronary surgery. Two cardiac deaths occurred, 1 had a fatal infarct and the other had cardiogenic shock. The complication rate for non diabetics was 30% (8 of 26) and that one for diabetics was 33% (4 of 13). Conclusion: coronary angioplasty at the San Juan de Dios Hospital is done with good results, a low complication rate and short hospital stay. Diabetes mellitus was not an adverse prognostic factor in this group of patients.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Angioplastia coronaria</kwd>
<kwd>stent coronario</kwd>
<kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd>
<kwd>coronary angioplasty</kwd>
<kwd>bare stents</kwd>
<kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220060001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
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<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Estudio retrospectivo de los primeros 100 casos de ecocardiografía transesofágica en el hospital Max Peralta, durante el período 2003-2005.</article-title>
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<contrib-group>
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<aff id="A01">
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<addr-line>Cartago </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Introducción: La ecocardiografía transesofágica ha permitido superar las limitaciones del acceso transtoráccico lo que permite entregar con claridad y resolución, imágenes de la estructura y función cardíacas y de los grandes vasos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las indicaciones, complicaciones y diagnósticos de los primeros cien ecocardiogramas transesofágicos realizados en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Es un estudio retrospectivo realizado en base a los expedientes clínicos desde el periodo en que se adquirió el equipo (2003) hasta completar los primeros cien ecocardiogramas tranesofágicos (setiembre 2005) en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Max Peralta, Cartago, Costa Rica, con un equipo multiplanar. Resultados: Los primeros cien procedimientos se realizaron en 89 pacientes (edad promedio de 44,5 años), 49% fueron hombres. Las indicaciones más frecuentes para la realización del ecocardiograma transesofágico fueron cardiopatía congénita (36%), tumores y/o masas (13%) y endocarditis (11%). Los diagnósticos definitivos fueron principalmente valvulopatías nativas, dilatación y/o hipertrofia de cámaras derechas, comunicación interauricular e hipertensión pulmonar. Sólo hubo complicaciones leves como hipotensión arterial y las relacionadas a la sedación. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra la utilidad diagnóstica y seguridad del ecocardiograma transesofágico en nuestro centro, con resultados comparables a otras series.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Transesophageal ecocardiography has permited to overcome transthoraccic limitations approach, getting high resolution images of the heart and great vessels structure and function.This study evaluated indications, complications and diagnosis in the first 100 cases performed at our center. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study based on clinical reports from 2003 in that the mutliplanar equipment was adquired until september 2005 in the Cardiology service,Max Peralta Hospital,Cartago,Costa Rica. Results: The first 100 procedures were performed in 89 patients (mean age 44,5 years old),49% were male.The most frequent indications to perform the study were congenital cardiopathy (36%),tumors and masses (13%)and endocarditis (11%).Definitive diagnosis were mainly valvulopathies,right chamber dilatation or hypertrohy,interatrial shunts and pulmonary hyertension.There were only minor complications like hipotension and those related to sedation. Conclusion: This study demonstrate diagnostic usefullness and safe of transesophageal echocardiogram in our center, with results comparable to other series.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>valvulopatías</kwd>
<kwd>traneophageal echocardiography</kwd>
<kwd>mass</kwd>
<kwd>endocarditis</kwd>
<kwd>valvulopathies</kwd>
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<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220060001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422006000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">El calcio en los miocitos cardíacos y su papel en las miocardiopatías.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ulate Montero</surname>
<given-names>Guido</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ulate Campos</surname>
<given-names>Adriana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line>San Pedro </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Universidad de Costa Rica  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>El papel que desempeña el calcio en los miocitos cardíacos abarca un gran número de funciones, desde su rol en el acoplamiento excitación-ccontracción hasta su papel de segundo mensajero en las diversas vías de señalización, algunas de las cuales se activan en procesos que afectan la integridad del tejido miocárdico y que tienen que ver con el crecimiento y la apoptosis de los miocitos y que al final, son los que determinan la evolución de la mayoría de las cardiomiopatías. En esta revisión se abordan los mecanismos fisiológicos en las células de músculo cardíaco en los que este ión juega un papel determinante y los cambios que se presentan en ciertas cardiopatías como la miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho, las miocardiopatías asociadas a alteraciones en el receptor de rianodina y la miocardiopatía dilatada. Se revisa también la farmacodinamia de los agentes inotrópicos positivos que actúan sensibilizando los miofilamentos del sarcómero al calcio.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>The rol played by calcium in cardiomyocytes includes a great number of functions like the excitation-contraction coupling as well as a second messenger in diverse signaling pathways. Some of these pathways are activated in processes that affect the cardiac tissue integrity and also participate in cell growth and apoptosis, determining the poor prognosis that characterize the majority of the cardiomyopathies. In this review,the mechanisms inside the cardiomyocytes in which participates calcium and the pathophysiological changes observed in some cardiac diseases like arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and others, are described. The action mechanism of positive inotropic drugs that act as sarcomere myofilaments sensitizers is also reviewed.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Calcio</kwd>
<kwd>miocitos cardíacos</kwd>
<kwd>miocardiopatías</kwd>
<kwd>levosimendán</kwd>
<kwd>enfermedad cardíaca</kwd>
<kwd>Calcium</kwd>
<kwd>cardiomyocytes</kwd>
<kwd>cardiomyopathies</kwd>
<kwd>levosimendan</kwd>
<kwd>heart disease</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<front>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220060001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
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<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
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<article-id>S1409-41422006000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aneurisma ventricular calcificado en un paciente con cardiopatía isquémica y antecedente de trauma cerrado de tórax.</article-title>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,C.C.S.S.  </institution>
<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<aff id="A02">
<institution>,C.C.S.S.  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
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<aff id="A03">
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<addr-line>San José </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>01</month>
<year>2006</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422006000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Se presenta el caso de un paciente con cardiopatía isquémica y aneurisma ventricular calcificado con insuficiencia cardíaca, angor de esfuerzo y fenómeno embólico cerebral previo, con el antecedente de trauma cerrado de tórax 24 años antes.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>We present the case of a patient with ischemic heart disease and a calcified ventricular aneurysm with symptoms of congestive heart failure, exertion angina and an embolic cerebrovascular event, with a past history of blunt thoracic trauma 24 years ago.</p></abstract>
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<kwd>insuficiencia cardíaca</kwd>
<kwd>ventricular aneurysm</kwd>
<kwd>acute myocardial infarction</kwd>
<kwd>arrhythmia</kwd>
<kwd>angina</kwd>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
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