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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422008000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Aplicaciones de la estimulación cardiaca: 50 años de aprendizaje</article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Editorial comment: Uses of cardiac stimulation: 50 years of learning</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gutiérrez Sotelo</surname>
<given-names>Oswaldo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital México  </institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>7</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1409-41422008000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria incluidos en el programa de rehabilitación cardiaca del hospital San Vicente de Paúl en Heredia</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Loáisiga Ledezma</surname>
<given-names>Hilda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Benavides Santos</surname>
<given-names>Andrés</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bolaños Arrieta</surname>
<given-names>Mario</given-names>
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<name>
<surname>Ortiz García</surname>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vega Madrigal</surname>
<given-names>Rosibel</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brenes Rosales</surname>
<given-names>Teresita</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Hospital San Vicente de Paúl Servicio de Cardiología </institution>
<addr-line>Heredia </addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de muerte en nuestro país, alcanzando aproximadamente la tercera parte de la mortalidad general, y la enfermedad ateroesclerótica coronaria representa la mayoría de la mortalidad en este grupo. La rehabilitación cardiaca representa uno de los pilares fundamentales, junto con la terapia farmacológica y los procedimientos de revascularización, para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron valorar el impacto que tiene el programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su familia, así como conocer los factores que pueden interferir en este proceso. Material y métodos: Es un estudio observacional, transversal en una población de 330 pacientes, con enfermedad coronaria, con más de seis meses de asistencia al Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca de nuestro hospital, realizado en octubre del 2005. Utilizamos un instrumento mixto de recolección de datos constituido por una encuesta supervisada al paciente, complementado con medición de variables cuantificables y una prueba de esfuerzo. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas de género en el grupo estudiado. El 98% de los pacientes consideró mejoría en su calidad de vida. Un 97% consideró que su familia comprende mejor su enfermedad, pero sólo el 45% reportó que su familia se integró al programa. Los tres factores que más frecuentemente limitan el proceso, en orden decreciente son; espacio insuficiente 57%, trabajo 29% y lugar de residencia 9%. Los datos obtenidos de las pruebas de esfuerzo realizadas mostraron entre otros, que el 74% tuvo una prueba negativa por isquemia, 25% positiva por isquemia y 1% positiva con alto riesgo. Conclusión: Creemos que la mejoría en la calidad de vida reportada por los pacientes representa un punto alto de nuestro pro-grama. Los datos obtenidos de la valoración con prueba de esfuerzo nos muestran que en general la condición médica actual de los pacientes es estable, a pesar de que muchos se encuentran subtratados. Los principales factores limitantes que encontramos nos sugieren que falta conciencia en cuanto al hecho de que la rehabilitación cardiaca debe ser vista como parte del tratamiento de estos pacientes y que como tal requiere de mayores recursos para poder beneficiar a una mayor población.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program at the San Vicente de Paul Hospital in Heredia Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death in our country, reaching approximately one third of the general mortality and atherosclerotic disease represents the majority of the mortality of this group. Cardiac Rehabilitation represents one of the fundamental parts of the treatment, combined with pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures for coronary artery disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of a cardiac rehabilitation program, in the quality of life of patients and their families and to become aware of factors that can interfere with the rehabilitation process. Methods: This is an observational, transverse study of patients with coronary artery diseases, with at least six month of assistance to the cardiac rehabilitation program of our hospital, up to October 2005. We used a mixed instrument of data recollection, composed of a supervised written inquiry and complemented with the measure of quantifiable variables. Results: There were no significant differences in gender population. 98% considered an improvement in their quality of life. 97% considered that their family understood better their illness, but only 45% reported integration of the family to the program. The data obtained from the stress test showed that 74% had a negative stress test for ischemia, 25% positive for ischemia and 1 % positive for high risk ischemia. The three factors that more frequently limited the process are insufficient space 57 %, working responsibilities 29% and distance from their residence to the hospital 9%. Conclusion: We believe that the improvement in the quality of life reported by patients represents a peak of our program. The medical condition of the patients was stable based on the results of the stress test, despite many of them were with suboptimal treatment. The main factors that limit the process suggest that there is a lack of consciousness about the fact that cardiac rehabilitation must be a part of the treatment of these patients and therefore it requires more resources in order to benefit more patients.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>enfermedad cardiovascular</kwd>
<kwd>rehabilitación cardiaca</kwd>
<kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd>
<kwd>cardiac rehabilitation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<journal-id pub-id-type="pid">S1409-414220080001</journal-id>
<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>Rev. costarric. cardiol</abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1409-4142</issn>
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<article-id>S1409-41422008000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Rehabilitación cardiaca en pacientes Chagásicos con insuficiencia cardiaca</article-title>
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<surname>Mitelman</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
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<given-names>Luisa</given-names>
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<aff id="A01">
<institution>,Unidad de Cardiología Hospital Álvarez  </institution>
<addr-line>Buenos Aires </addr-line>
<country>República Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution>,Instituto Ciencias de la Salud Facultad de Medicina Fundación Barceló</institution>
<addr-line> </addr-line>
<country>República Argentina</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<year>2008</year>
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<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>18</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>Introducción: La capacidad funcional de los pacientes Chagásicos con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica suele deteriorarse en forma significativa y progresiva. Los programas de rehabilitación cardiovascular (RHCV) han demostrado amplios beneficios en pacientes con otras cardiopatías y múltiples factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Evaluar la mejoría de la capacidad funcional en pacientes portadores de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de etiología Chagásica, con un protocolo de RHCV durante un año. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes en clase funcional II de la NYHA. A todos los pacientes sé los evaluó con la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, consumo de oxígeno máximo (VO2 max) en ml/kg/min, capacidad funcional (en equivalentes metabólicos, METS), escala de percepción de esfuerzo de Borg, índice de eficiencia miocárdica (IEM) y la fracción de eyección (FE). Estos parámetros se valoraron cada 3 meses y se comparó cada paciente contra sí mismo al cabo de un año. Resultados: Ingresaron 42 pacientes, 17 varones de 41 a 56 años (promedio 54); y 25 mujeres de 45 a 57 años (promedio de 51), en clase funcional II, cuya prueba de caminata de 6 minutos fue de 375 metros, VO2 max 15-18, 4.28-5.14 METS, escala de Borg 4-5, IEM 0.82 y FE=0.35. Al finalizar el año, 30 pacientes completaron el programa de RHCV: pasaron de clase funcional I, prueba de caminata de 6 min &gt; 375 metros, VO2 max 20-25, 6-7METS, escala de Borg 5-7, IEM 1,17 y FE=0.45. Conclusiones: La aplicación de un programa de rehabilitación en pacientes Chagásicos con insuficiencia cardiaca en clase funcional II, se tradujo en una mejoría de la capacidad funcional (evaluada por distintos índices). La realización del entrenamiento físico programado, en estos enfermos demostró resultados satisfactorios, con una adherencia importante al tratamiento.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiac rehabilitation in chagasic patients with heart failure Introduction: The functional capacity of chagasic patients with chronic heart failure, tends to deteriorate in a significant and progressive manner. Rehabilitation programs have demonstrated clear benefits in patients with other cardiomyopathies and patients with multiple risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity in chagasic patients with heart failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II, in a one year period with a cardiac rehabilitation protocol. Materials and Methods: We included patients in NYHA functional class II. All of them were evaluated with 6 minutes walk test, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in ml/kg/min, functional capacity (in metabolic equivalents, METS), Borg´s effort perception scale, myocardial efficiency index (IEM) and ejection fraction (FE). These parameters were valorated each 3 months and were compared between patients against theirselves, at a year of follow-up. Resultados: We recruited 42 patients, 17 males of 41 - 56 years old (mean 54) and 25 females of 45 a 57 years old (mean 51), in functional calss II. The mean 6 minutes walk test was 375 meters, VO2 max 15-18 ml/kg/min, functional capacity was 4.28-5.14 METS, Borg´s scale 4-5, IEM was 0.82 and FE 0.40. Afeter one year, 30 patients completed the rehabilitation program and change their functional class to I, the six minutes walk test was &gt; 375 m, VO2 max 20-25 ml/kg/min, functional capacity 6-7 METS, Borg´s scale 5-7, IEM 1.17 and FE 0.45 Conclusions: The application of the rehabilitation program in one group of Chagasic patients with heart failure and NYHA functional class II, resulted in an improvement in the functional capacity, evaluated by different indexes, and had a positive psychological influence. Carrying out programmed physical training in these patients, demonstrated satisfactory results with an important adherence to the treatment.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Chagas</kwd>
<kwd>Insuficiencia cardiaca</kwd>
<kwd>rehabilitación cardiovascular</kwd>
<kwd>Chagas</kwd>
<kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
<kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
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<article-id>S1409-41422008000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es">Prescripción de ejercicio en pacientes con hipertensión arterial</article-title>
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<institution>,Universidad Nacional  </institution>
<addr-line>Lagunilla Heredia</addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
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<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
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<copyright-statement/>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http:/www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1409-41422008000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p>La hipertensión es uno de mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. El tratamiento farmacológico por si solo es insuficiente para tratar con éxito este padecimiento por lo que el ejercicio se ha convertido en una forma de tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial. Los fenómenos por los cuáles las cifras tensionales disminuyen posterior a una sesión de entrenamiento físico se explican en gran parte por una serie de eventos neurohumorales. Existe un consenso en cuanto a la prescripción de ejercicio físico y el tipo de ejercicio que favorece las disminución de las cifras tensionales. Se revisan los mecanismos que contribuyen con la disminución de la presión arterial, así como se propone, de manera general, una guía con la cual se pueda prescribir ejercicio aeróbico a este tipo de pacientes.</p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p>Excercise prescription in hypertensive individuals Hypertension is one of the major problems of public health worldwide. Pharmaceutical treatment by itself is insufficient in treating successfully this disease, exercise has become one of the methods of treatment in the last few years, the phenomenon by which blood pressure lowers after a physical training session is explained by a series of neurohormonal events. There is a consensus between the prescription of physical exercise and the type of exercise that lowers blood pressure values. This revision explains mechanisms that contribute to the lowering of blood pressure, as well as offer, in a general manner a guide with which to prescribe aerobic exercise to these type of patients.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Hipertensión arterial</kwd>
<kwd>entrenamiento físico</kwd>
<kwd>presión arterial</kwd>
<kwd>prescripción de ejercicio</kwd>
<kwd>hypertension</kwd>
<kwd>physical training</kwd>
<kwd>blood pressure</kwd>
<kwd>exercise prescription</kwd>
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<journal-title>Revista Costarricense de Cardiología</journal-title>
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